BMS PRESENTATION

WHAT IS
ALUMINIUM…?
Light, durable and functional: these are the qualities that
make aluminium one of the key engineering materials of
our time. We can find aluminium in the homes we live in, in
the automobiles we drive, in the trains and aeroplanes that
take us across long distances, in the mobile phones and
computers we use on a daily basis, in the shelves inside our
fridges and in modern interior designs

2
 INTRODUCTION
ALUMINIUM (AL)
ATOMIC NO.- 13

❑ Aluminium occurs in abundance on the surface of the earth. It is available

in various forms such as oxides, sulphates, silicates, phosphates, etc. But is

commercially produced mainly from Bauxite.

❑ Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon),

and the most abundant metal, in the Earth's crust. It makes up about 8% by

weight of the Earth's solid surface.

❑ Aluminium is remarkable for the metal's low density and for its ability to

resist corrosion due to the phenomenon of passivation. Structural

components made from aluminium and its alloys are vital to the aerospace

industry and are important in other areas of transportation and structural

materials. The most useful compounds of aluminium, at least on a weight

basis, are the oxides and sulfates.

❑ In nature, aluminium is found only in chemical compounds with other

elements such as sulphur, silicon, and oxygen.

3
PROPERTIES
LIGHT WEIGHT REFLECTIVITY
Aluminium is a very light metal Aluminium is a good reflector of
with a specific weight of 2.7 visible light as well as heat.
g/cm3, about a third that of
steel. DUCTILITY
Aluminium is ductile and has low
CORROSION RESISTANT
melting point and density. It can be
Aluminium generally generates a
processed in number of ways while
protective oxide coating and is
in molten state.
highly corrosion resistant.
ODOURLESS
ELECTRICAL AND The metal itself is non-toxic and
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY releases no aroma or taste
substances making it ideal for
Aluminium is an excellent heat and
packaging materials.
electricity conductor. It is also used
in major power transmission lines.

4
PROPERTIES
FIRE RESISTANT MALLEABILITY
Aluminium is resistant to fire Aluminium is a flexible material and
and does not catches fire easily. it can be easily beaten into thin
sheets.
TENSILE STRENGTH
COST EFFECTIVE
Aluminium has far greater tensile
Aluminium is most cost effective
strength and a high weight to
metal as compared to others with
strength ratio as compared to other
high resale value and low corrosion
metals.
property,
NON- MAGNETIC
RECYCLABILITY
Aluminium does not possess any
Aluminium is 100% recyclable with
magnetic property, therefore is non
no downgrading of its qualities.
magnetic in nature.

5
 USES
HOUSEHOLD CONSTRUCTION AND PACKAGING
Aluminium is used in a huge variety of products including cans, foils, kitchen utensils,
window frames, beer kegs and aeroplane parts. This is because of its particular properties. It
has low density, is non-toxic, has a high thermal conductivity, has excellent corrosion
resistance and can be easily cast, machined and formed. It is also non-magnetic and non-
sparking. It is the second most malleable metal and the sixth most ductile.

TRANSPORTATION
It is often used as an alloy because aluminium itself is not particularly strong. Alloys with
copper, manganese, magnesium and silicon are lightweight but strong. They are very
important in the construction of aeroplanes and other forms of transport.

POWER TRANSMISSION LINE

Aluminium is a good electrical conductor and is often used in electrical transmission lines. It is
cheaper than copper and weight for weight is almost twice as good a conductor.

COATINGS
When evaporated in a vacuum, aluminium forms a highly reflective coating for both light and
heat. It does not deteriorate, like a silver coating would. These aluminium coatings have
many uses, including telescope mirrors, decorative paper, packages and toys. 6
FORMS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
1. BAUXITE MINING
Bauxite is used as the main raw material in the
manufacture of aluminium. It is a clay mineral found in
tropical and sub-tropical areas. The bauxite is often mined
from only a few metres below the ground level. About 4-5
tonnes of bauxites are required for 1 tonne of aluminium.
To extract pure alumina, the Bayer process is used.
2. BAUXITE GRINDING
The bauxite mineral is transported to refineries where the
clay is washed off and the bauxite passes through a
grinder to produce a more consistent material.
3. BAUXITE CRUSHING
The ground mineral is pumped into large pressure tanks
with a caustic soda or sodium hydroxide solution, and a
steam heat is applied. The caustic soda reacts with the
aluminium compounds in the bauxite material to produce
a solution of sodium aluminate (also known as slurry). The
unwanted residues (also known as red mud), containing
iron, silicon and titanium, gradually sink to the bottom of
the tank and are removed.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
6. CALCINATION
4. SETTLING The crystals are then heated in rotary kilns to
The sodium aluminate solution is then passed through temperatures over 960°C. This extracts the last impurities
into lower pressure settling tanks. The solution at the top and creates a white powder, known as alumina or
of the tanks is directed downwards through a series of aluminium oxide. The refined alumina is transformed into
filers to remove excess red mud. The remaining alumina is aluminium through the smelting or Hall–Héroult process.
then passed through huge “leaves” or cloth filters to
7. SMELTING PROCESS
remove any solids in the solution.
400kA electrical currents are passed through the mixture
5. PRECIPITATION to break the bond between the aluminium and oxygen.
The result is poured into a reduction cell with 950°C
The sodium aluminate solution is then cooled and
molten cryolite is 99.8% pure aluminium.
pumped into large precipitators (sometimes as tall as a 6-
story building). Aluminium hydroxide seed crystals added
to the solution to start the precipitation process. At this
point, large aluminium crystals are formed.
 FLOW CHART

SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATION
IN THE HALL-HÉROULT PROCESS, ALUMINUM METAL IS OBTAINED BY ELECTROLYTIC REDUCTION OF ALUMINA. PURE ALUMINA MELTS AT OVER 2000°C. TO PRODUCE
AN ELECTROLYTE AT LOWER TEMPERATURE, ALUMINA IS DISSOLVED IN MOLTEN CRYOLITE AT 1000°C. THE ELECTROLYTE IS PLACED IN AN IRON VAT LINED WITH
GRAPHITE. THE VAT SERVES AS THE CATHODE. CARBON ANODES ARE INSERTED INTO THE ELECTROLYTE FROM THE TOP. THE OXYGEN PRODUCED AT THE ANODES
REACTS WITH THEM, FORMING CARBON DIOXIDE AND CARBON MONOXIDE. THEREFORE, THE CARBON ANODES ARE CONSUMED AND NEED TO BE REPLACED
PERIODICALLY. MOLTEN ALUMINUM METAL IS PRODUCED AT THE CATHODE, AND IT SINKS TO THE BOTTOM OF THE VAT.
MARKET SURVEY
ALUMINIUM FLOORING ALUMINIUM ROOFING
WINDOW SHUTTER
SECTIONS
DOOR SHUTTER
SECTIONS
THANK YOU
PRESENTATION BY:-
ARYAN DALAL

AARUSHI AGGARWAL

YAGYA CHADHA

ROHIT TIWARI

MANVI MAHESHWARI

RHYTHAM BHARADWAJ

YAJAT

AARYAN VERMA
17
HARSHIT ARORA