Passive Filters

n A filter is a circuit Low Pass

passive ( R, L , C )
that is designed to low woonpass
,
y
Filters pass signals with
, cut off

↳ active
frequency
desired frequencies High Pass p=tgPm
and reject or
EEE111 Electric Circuit Analysis attenuate others
Anawach Sangswang
n Passive filter Band Pass
10120522M£
consists of only
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
passive element R,
KMUTT
L and C.
Band Stop
In filter unis to :O
,
2

Lowpass Filter Highpass Filter

Vo 1/ jwC 1 n Transfer function
H(w ) = = =
Vi R + 1/ jwC 1 + jw RC Vo R jw RC
H(w ) = = =
Vi R + 1/ jwC 1 + jw RC
n Cutoff (half-power, corner,
rolloff) frequency
n Cutoff frequency
wc RC 1
EM.bg a-
I
H(wc ) = =
1 1 1 1 + (wc RC )
2
2
H(wc ) = = wc =
1 + (wc RC ) 2 RC
2
1
wc =
RC
n A lowpass filter is designed to n A highpass filter is designed to
pass only frequencies from dc
pass all frequencies above its
up to the cutoff frequency
cutoff frequency
3 4
 low frequency filter
/
Bandpass Filter high frequency
>

Bandstop Filter
filter
→ 107
high
n Transfer function n Transfer function
frequency
V
H(w ) = o =
R Vo (
j wL - 1
wC )
(
Vi R + j w L - 1
wC ) H (w ) = =
Vi R + j w L - 1 ( wC ) →
60710W
H(0) = H(¥) = 0 H(0) = H(¥) = 1 frequency
1 1
w0 = rad / s w0 = rad / s
LC half power frequency LC

n A bandpass filter is 2.1 n A bandstop filter is

designed to pass all designed to eliminate all
frequencies within a band frequencies within a band
of frequency ω1 < ω < ω2 of frequency ω1 < ω < ω2
5 6

Example 14.10 00h60 Unroof Example 14.10

n Determine the type of filter and calculate the n Corner frequency
cutoff frequency. Take R = 2kΩ, L = 2H, C = 2uF R2
1 æw L ö
2

( )
2 2
H = = 2 = 1 - w LC 2
+ç c ÷
( )
2
R - wc RLC + wc L 2
jwl c
2 2 2
è R ø
Vo R ||1 sC 2
H(w ) = = Plug R, L, C in æ w ×2 ö
( )
2
Vi Vo Vi sL + R ||1 sC
n 2 = 1 - wc2 × 2 × 2 ´10 -6 + ç c -3 ÷
è 2 ´10 ø
¥
R /(1 + sRC ) R wc = 742 rad / s
= = 2
Bode plot sL + R /(1 + sRC ) s RLC + sL + R s = jw L1
1 2
R 2H
H(w ) = H(0) = 1, H(¥) = 0
V

-w RLC + jw L + R
2 V1
1Vac R1 C1
0Vdc 2k 2u F
R
n Second-order lowpass filter H =
( R - w RLC )
2
2
+ w 2 L2 0

7 8
 Magnitude & dB Bode Plot
0
2.0V

(117.726,714.460m) dB (118.427,-3.0726)

1.0V
-40

SEL>>
0V -60
V(R1:2) DB(V(R1:2))
0d
0
dB dB
(118.836,-3.1599)
-50

SEL>>
-100
3.0Hz 10Hz 100Hz 1.0KHz 3.0KHz -180d
DB(V(R1:2)) 3.0Hz 10Hz 100Hz 1.0KHz 3.0KHz
Frequency P(V(R1:2))
Frequency

9 10

Active Filter
n
Inverting
First-order lowpass filter
> Amp
÷:÷÷÷ :* Amplifier Active Filter
n First-order high pass filter
Vo Zf Vo Zf
H(w ) = =- H(w ) = =-
Vi Zi Vi Zi
n Active first-order lowpass filter n Impedances
1 Rf Zi = R i + 1/ jwCi , Z f = R f
Zi = R i , Z f = R f || = HCO ) if
jwC f 1 + jwC f R f
Woo →

Rf jwCi R f Woo → Hloo ) .

-

¥ w ®¥
Rf H(w ) = - =-
.

1 low filter
Ri + 1/ jwCi 1 + jwCi Ri
→ pass
H (w ) = - Rf
Ri 1 + jwC f R f
RC circuit
H (w ) ® -
n Corner frequency Ri
Corner frequency 1 1
↳ cut off wc = wc =
frequency Rf C f R pfpi C *f
11 12
 non inverting amp
CJDEAL)
inverting paradrop Amp
-

output
.

Vi

[ %idÉowÑoioommmÉ ]
.

+
,
I g) Bandwidth ~ -
-
-
v.

i
non
inverting 2) Input Impedance
~

PI
32
V. •• ←
•

3) Gain (A) Av Evoltage gain )=oo .dIi Zz

Zi
Vo -
Artvin ) Av a
Io =
Vo

-0
Vin Y -
V
÷
-

IV ,
y
Vin • Vo
☐ 2in
V tV,
-_

l Lk ]
④ > V -
=
Vout
Virtual

Uh
Vin =
V, -
V. found RCL @
-

V, Vin :O

Indluouhop-ampt.sn
-

Ii
¥ ¥
, 0A .
94 .
=
=

☒ ••→
.

1Wh :nnwÑwmw V
-
.

A
Ii
I
A• , :O V -
=
0

Ve=ov
KCL node A Iq V, Vo
-

@
Zf ( feedback)
Zz

Ii =
Vi -
VA =
Vi I =
o
→
Zi Zi
• Vo
Vo bin '

iout
If O
Vo
= -

= -

1- Vo =
V. Zf Zf

V. = V ,
= >
Vin :O I -
0 I , -112 = 0

ñÑñ k, =
V. vi. O
K Ch →
I -

-1 Vit Vi Vo - ' 0

Zi Zf Zi 2,

Zf
Io
-1¥
=

Vi
=

Va
-
-

Vi Zi -22
Vo

_V¥ Zz Vi
-
-
• -

Vo '

4. (2%+1)
 Active Filter Bandpass Active Filter
n Bandpass filter Wg > W n Bandreject (notch) filter
,

I 1
cascade high
for
n Circuit implementation
Upper corner frequency
:( .jwqr ) WC
2- f R"
k
wi%wi high
" ,
.
,

¥ 1
Zi w2 = n Implementation
RC1
; •

Vo æ R f öæ 1 jwC2 R ö
H(w ) =
v

V02
Lower corner frequency = ç- ÷ç - - ÷
Vi è Ri ø è 1 + jwC1R 1 + jwC2 R ø
1
w1 =
RC2 Superposition
Vo= -
If V1
|
Center frequency Ri -1k )
Vo ,
s-Rf-gg.LV ,

R-pfg.ve#passfitef
V;
V æ öæ jwC2 R ö æ R f ö w0 = w1w2
-

1
H(w ) = o = ç - ÷ç - ÷ç - ÷
Vi è 1 + jwC1R øè 1 + jwC2 R øè Ri ø 13 14

Example 14.12 • OP-AMP

V+ V-
C2

0.2 uF
0V

V2 V3

n Design a lowpass active filter with a dc gain 4 12 Vdc -12Vdc R3

1.5 9k
-2.5V

and a corner frequency of 500 Hz

0
V-
R2 uA741 4
2 V- 1
- OS1

1 V4
39 7.5
6

wc = 2p (500) =
OUT
1Vac
3 5
-5.0V
0Vdc + 7 OS2 V+

Rf C f
R4
U1 V+
1k
V+
0s 0.5us 1.0us
Rf 1 0 V(R3:2,0)
H (w ) = - V-
Time
Ri 1 + jwC f R f 4.0V

DC gain Rf (499.213,2.8290)
H(0) = - = -4
Ri
1 2.0V
Rf = = 1.59k W
2p (500)(0.2uF )
Choose Cf = 0.2 uF
Rf
Ri = = 397.5W
4 0V
1.0Hz 10Hz 100Hz 1.0KHz 10KHz 100KHz
V(R3:2,0)
15 Frequency 16