Utilizing vegetable crop residues benefits farmers

UTILIZATION OF RESIDUES IN VEGETABLE CROPS; ITS BENEFITS
TO THE FARMER OF SITIO MARANG, CABINTAN , ORMOC CITY
A research presented to the faculty of
Cabintan National High School
Cabintan Ormoc City
In particular fulfillment in Practical Research
By;
Danna A. Barcos
Annie Lee I. Omapas
Aniano J. Roble
Jhester A. Abohela
Vegie H. Tabamo
March 2020
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to thank the following:
To the researchers parent for their understanding, that sometimes, the
researcher cannot help them doing household chores because of this
study research, and for supporting the researchers by giving them more to
buy materials for this research.
To the members of this group research, thank you for the cooperation and
the happy memories were so blessed to have each other.
To STI students research, for getting the researchers to borrow the

research format.
To Mrs. Sesel Apuya, thankyou for the knowledge and for mentoring us in
grade 11..
And to the most important to our mind and heart, almighty God who gives
us strength and positive mind everyday for the opportunity to experience
the thing we experience right now, for guiding us to the right path, and for
giving us the wisdom and strength to stand up every time we are down, for
giving us the strength to face all the problems in creating this research
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
TITLE PAGE ………………… ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………… iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………… iv
CHAPTER 1
Introduction ..………………..1
Statement of the Problem ………………….2
Objectives …………………2
Conceptual Framework ………………….3
Assumption ………………..4-5
Significance of the Study ………………..4-5
Scope and Limitation …………………6
Definition of Terms …………………6
CHAPTER 2 ………………….7
Review of Related Literature ……………….7-8
CHAPTER 3 ………………….9
Research Locale ………………….9.
The Respondents ………………….9
Research Instrument …………………9.
Statistical Treatment …………………9
AZZ CHAPTER 4
Interpretation of Data …………….10-14
a. Analysis ……………10-14
Chapter 5
Summary ……………….15
Conclusions ……………….16
Recommendation .…………….. 16
Bibliography ...……………..17
Appendices .………………18
Questionnaire for the Farmers ……………..19-48
Transmittal ..………………49
Curriculum Vitae ……………50-55

1.1 INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Vegetable residues is a vegetable left over, like leaves, stem, and
vegetable fruit that gathered after vegetable harvesting of the farmers in
the farm field. Usually vegetable dealer throwing a back load vegetable
anywhere instead utilizing it to become an organic fertilizer. Residues may
be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, of
purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. Something that is
left after the main part is no longer present (Wikipedia). Wastes generated
during and after processing of food and vegetable, production of various
bioactive compounds and value added products via extraction and solid
state fermentation. (Wiley online library) Vegetable waste, on the other
hand, is food that is fit for consumption, but is not consumed and instead
discarded, and this generally relates consumer or retailer behavior (FAO
2014). In other words, food losses are commonly the result of negligence
or conscious decision to through food.(2005). Fruit and vegetable losses
and waste do not represent only the wasting of food commodities, but
also indirectly include wasting of critical resources such as land, water,
fertilization, chemicals, energy and labor. These immense quantities of
lost and wasted food commodities also contributed to immense
environmental problems as they decompose in landfills and emit harmful
greenhouse gases (Venkat 2011: vilarino and others).
1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The main problem of this study is to verify the UTILIZATION OF

RESIDUES IN VEGETABLE CROPS; ITS BENEFITS TO THE FARMER
IN SITIO MARANG BRGY. CABINTAN.
This study aims to answer following questions;
1. What vegetable crops that are usually delivered in different places

in Region 8?
2. What would be the benefits of the vegetable residues to the

farmers?
3. Does throwing crops residues good to soil and environment?
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this study is to determine and discover the benefits
of the utilization of residues in vegetable crops; its benefi1ts to the farmer
in Sitio Marang, Brgy. Cabintan.
This study aims to answer the following objectives;
1. To determine the vegetable crops that are usually delivered in

different places in Region 8.
2. To determine the benefits of the vegetable residues to the farmers.
3. To determine if throwing crops residues are good to soil and

environment.
2
1.4 CONCEPTUALL FRAMEWORK
INDEPENDENT
DEPENDENT
The utilization of Its benefits to the farmer

residues in vegetable in Sitio Marang, Brgy.
crops Cabintan
This diagram shows the independent variable and

dependent
variable of the Utilization Of Residues in Vegetable Crops;

Its
Benefits to the Farmer in Sitio Marang, Brgy. Cabintan.
3
1.5 ASSUMPTION
The researchers perceive the following as their assumption of the study;
The impact of Utilization of residues in vegetable crops; its benefits to

the farmer of Sitio Marang, Brgy. Cabintan;
1. Including that the vegetable residues will be recycle.
2. It can make an organic fertilizer and pesticide instead of throwing it

to the dumpsite.
3. To maintain the fertilization of the soil because of the vegetable

residues.
1.6SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is significant to the issue about utilization of residues of
vegetable crops; its benefits to the farmer of Sitio Marang, Cabintan,
Ormoc City.
The primary beneficiaries of the study are the farmers in Sitio
Marang, Brgy. Cabintan . Since they are the recipient of the
study. Not just only the vegetable farmers but also the whole
community of Brgy. Cabintan. Since the Brgy. Officials are also
responsible to utilize the residues of vegetable crops and assign the
clean and green community.
4
The benefits of organic fertilizer from vegetable waste are;
 The application of vegetable waste organic fertilizer effectively
solves the handing problem of vegetable waste, achieving
sustainable use of resources and reducing the environmental
pollution.
 It is very low coast process to convert vegetable waste into
organic fertilizer. The production completed by organic fertilizer
production line is high efficiency, energy-saving and
environmentally-friendly.
 Turning trash into treasure, enhancing the use and value of
vegetable waste. A ton of vegetable waste is processed into
organic manure that can add value of one hundred dollars.
 Effective decrease of the usage of chemical fertilizer and
pesticides. Organic fertilizer produced from vegetable waste
contains large amount of organic matters, beneficial
microorganism and trace elements and greatly improve the soil
structure.
 The vegetable waste organic fertilizer don’t pollute the
environment, reaching the ecological concept of environmental
protection and bringing new vetality for the vast variety of
vegetable plant.
5
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITITON
This research was accomplished during Final, 2nd semester which is the
Utilization
of residues of vegetable crops in Sitio Marang Barangay, Cabintan.

Were the
focused on this research has a total of 50 vegetable dealer

respondents, and limits
only to the residents of sitio Marang, Brgy. Cabintan.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Utilization
- To use for a particular purpose
Residues
- the amount of something valuable (such an estate) that is left all

debts have been paid
Crop
- a plant or a plant production that is grown by farmers
Farmers
-a person who runs a farm
Immense
-very great in size or amount
Bioactive compounds
-A type of chemical found in small amount in plants and certain

foods(such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, oils, and whole grains.)
6
Chapter II
2.1REVIEW OF LITERATURE
With the development of organic agriculture, the application of organic
fertilizer is becoming more widespread around the world. In the meantime,
the producing technology of organic fertilizer is always developing, and
vegetable waste organic fertilizer is more popular at various countries.
The study shows that the vegetable root, stem and leaves contain a large
amount of organic matters, which are good organic fertilizer production
line, composting the vegetable waste to produce fertilizer fully achieves
the recycling vegetable waste, reusing in agricultural production and
enhancing its use values.
Vegetable waste is mainly produced by vegetable market, then the farm
and family. According to statistics, a city in India generates 500 tons of
garbage every day, of which 50 tons are vegetable waste generated from
vegetable market and family. With the popularity of vegetable waste
organic fertilizer, heap of vegetables dumped at whole sale markets will no
longer be the food for stay animals in the City. Converted into organic
fertilizer for farmers with the development of organic farming.
7
Vegetable waste mainly include: onion, cauliflower, carrots, sweet corn,
lettuce, broccoli, beetroot, etc. For each of the vegetables crops,
percentage of the waste were estimated. In the case of cauliflower,
approximately 70% of the crop may be marketed as premium, the 30%
being wasted. Overall, 25% of vegetable production was estimated to go
to waste. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the possibility of
recovering and recycling vegetable waste originally collected from
vegetable market. These vegetable wastes were biologically stabilized
through composting in an pile in order to obtain humified organic matter
(green compost) to be used as agricultural soil conditioner. Vegetable
waste provides good amount of nutrients for microorganism during
composting.
8
CHAPTER III
3.1 METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH LOCALE
- This research was conducted at Sitio Marang, Cabintan, Ormoc

City, Leyte. Cabintan is consists of 9 Purok and Marang is one of
them. Marang is the purok 9 of Cabintan.
RESPONDENTS
- In this research the respondents are the residents of Sitio Marang.

There were 50 total of respondents.
RESEARCH DESIGN
- This research work adopted the descriptive survey research design

to find out the ‘’ Utilization of residues of vegetable crops; its
benefits to the farmers of Sitio Marang, Cabintan, Ormoc City.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
- To come up with the reliable result, the research used qualitative

approach. Survey questionnaires was given to the respondents.
9
CHAPTER IV
4.1 INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Table 1.
Questions Choices No. of Respondents

“Direct to the
dumpsite” 0
What kind of waste “Recycle to become
disposal did you fertilizer” 50
practice to the
vegetable residues
after harvest? “Dispose anywhere” 0
In a waste disposal fifty (50) respondents choose between direct to the dumpsite,
recycle to become fertilizer and dispose anywhere, all of them answer “recycle to
become fertilizer”
Table 2.
Questions No. of YES No. of NO

Do you know how to
utilize vegetable
residues as organic 50 0
fertilizer to the
vegetable crops?
By utilizing vegetable residues to organic fertilizer, fifty (50) respondents answer

“YES”
10
Table 3.
Questions No of Respondents Choices
Vegetable residues 1. The application of
gives beneficial vegetable waste
effects to the crops, organic fertilizer
as organic fertilizer. effectively solves the

50
Check on the handling problem of
beneficial effects vegetable waste,
that you already achieving sustainable
know? use of resources and
reducing the
environmental
pollution.
2. It is very low coast
process to convert
vegetable waste into
50 organic fertilizer
production line is high
efficiency, energy-
saving and
environmentally-
friendly.
3. Turning trash into
treasure, enhancing
the use of value of
vegetable waste. A ton

50
of vegetables waste is
processed into panic
manure that can add
value of one hundred
dollars.
4. Effective decrease
of the usage of
48 chemical fertilizer and
not familiar pesticides. Organic
fertilizer produced
from vegetable waste
contains large amount
2 of organic matter,
Already familiar beneficial
microorganism and
trace elements and
greatly improve the
soil structure.
5. The vegetable waste
organic fertilizer don’t
pollute the
environment, reaching
50
the ecological concept
of environmental
protection and
bringing vetality for
the vast of vegetable
plant.
By the list of 5 given benefits that advantage in organic way forty eight (48)
out of (50) respondents didn’t know these benefits number 4 that it can
reduce the usage of chemical fertilizer and pesticide and vegetable residues
contains a large amount of organic matter, beneficial organism and improve
the soil structure. While the other No. is all 50 respondents already familiar.
Table 4.
Questions Choices No. of Respondents
Where do you usually 46
put or dump the “Throw out”
vegetable residues “Leave it scorch”
after harvest?
44
Between choosing throw out and leave it scorch forty seven (46) out of fifty (50)
respondents applying throw out technique, while forty four (44) out fifty (50)
leave it scorch.
Table 5.
Questions No. of YES No. of No

Being a farmer, would
you like to turn your
wasted vegetable 46 44
residues into a useful
organic fertilizer?
Why?
Forty six (46) out of fifty (50) farmer respondents turn their vegetable waste into
organic fertilizer because for them it helps to maintain the fertility of the soil and
make their plants to become healthy and it does not cause a harm to the health of
human.
Forty four (44) out of (50) respondents didn’t convert their vegetable residues into
organic fertilizer because for them it is a waste of time and process takes time, no
need to use organic fertilizer since there are available synthetic fertilizer.
13
CHAPTER V (Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation)
5.1 Summary
The research paper focused on the “Utilization of residues in vegetable
crop: its benefits to the farmer of Sitio Marang, Brgy. Cabintan Ormoc City.
Farmer used their residues to become organic fertilizer to reduce the
practice of using synthetic pesticide and fertilizer that cause a large impact
to the human health. Our research shows thr different angles of benefits to
the farmers.
The researcher used survey questionnaire and checklist as their research
instrument. The Sitio Marang, Brgy. Cabintan Ormoc City was the
research local. Checklist was used and fifty(50) farmers randomly chosen
as habituated respondents.
14
5.2 Conclusion
Based on the data gathered and its thorough analysis, the researchers
hereby conclude the many farmers in the Sitio Marang, Brgy. Cabintan
Ormoc City are utilizing crop residues as its additional fertilizer to their
crops.
5.3 Recommendation
To cope up this limitation, the following suggestion is emphasized
 By getting an idea on how to make an organic pesticide in using the
utilization of residues vegetable, so that they can avoid using
synthetic pesticides.
 By attending seminars in organic agriculture so that they can collect
more information about organic pesticides.
15
BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://link.springer.com
www.chemeistryexplained.com
https://www.biology.online.org
https://en.m.wikipidea.org
https://dictionary.cambridge.org
https://www.sciencedirect.com
https://www.researchgate.net
https://fertilizer.machinery.com
16
TRANSMITTAL
January 2020
Mrs. Maria Patria D. Quilantang
Cabintan National High School
Ormoc City
Maam and sir
Good day!
We the researchers would like to request promotion from your
office to conduct our research entitled “Utilization of Residues in
Vegetable Crops: its benefits to the farmers of Sitio Marang, Brgy,.
Cabintan Ormoc City”. From January 2020 up to March 2020. Specially,
we would like to focus on the farmers of Sitio Marang as being our
respondents.
This researchers recognized this study for the awareness of the school
facilities, students body, to the future researchers or the possible
utilization of residues in vegetable crops; its benefits to the farmers of
Cabintan Marang and to advocate possible course of action to address it.
17
We are working forward for a positive response for our request
Sincerely Yours,
Danna A. Barcos Mrs. Maricel M. Songahid

Group Leader Subject Teacher
Mrs. Ma. Patria Quilantang

School Head Teacher
18
QUESTIONAIRE FOR THE FARMERS
Dear Farmers;
This questionnaire is one of the major factors that will enable us

to fulfill our research paper entitled “UTILIZATION OF RISIDUES IN
VEGETABLE CROP; ITS BENEFITS TO THE FARMER OF SITIO
MARANG, BRGY. CABINTAN”. Please feel free to answer the following
questions. Please don’t leave any question unanswered. Thank you!
Part I: Personal background
Name: Jeramil Abohela
Status: Married
Age: 23
Sex: Male
Income: Php3,800
Place: Brgy. Cabintan Sitio Marang, Ormoc City
19
Part II: Please answer the following question with yes or no nor
check the boxes and elaborate your answer if needed.
1. What kind of waste disposal did you practice to the vegetable

residues after harvest?
Direct to the Recycle to Dispose

dumpsite become fertilizer anywhere
2. Do you know how to utilize vegetable residues as organic fertilizer

to the vegetable crop?
YES NO
3. Vegetable residues gives beneficial effects to the crops, as organic

fertilizer. Check on the beneficial effects that you have already
known.
1. The application of vegetable waste organic fertilizer
effectively solves the handing problem of vegetable waste,
achieving sustainable use of resources and reducing the
environmental pollution.
2. It is very low coast process to convert vegetable waste

into organ fertilizer production line is high efficiency,
energy-saving and environmentally-friendly.
3. Turning trash into treasure, enhancing the use of value of
panic manure that can add value of one hundred dollars.
none 4. Effective decrease of the usage of chemical fertilizer and
pesticides.
Organic fertilizer produced from vegetable waste contains

large amount of organic matters, beneficial microorganism and
trace elements and greatly improve the soil structure.
5. The vegetable waste organic fertilizer don’t pollute the
protection and bringing new vetality for the vast varity of vegetable
plant.
4. Where do you usually put or dump the vegetable residues after

harvest?
Throw out Leave it scorch
5. Being a farmer, would you like to turn your wasted vegetable

residues into a useful organic fertilizer? Why?
YES NO
REASON: Its hassle because the process can take a long time
21
Dear Farmers;

Name: Jaysmith Abohela
Status: Married
Age: 25
Sex: Male
Income: Php4,000
21



YES NO

known.
2. It is very low coast process to convert vegetable waste into

organic
fertilizer production line is high efficiency, energy-saving and
4. Effective decrease of the usage of chemical fertilizer and

microorganism
and trace elements and greatly improve the soil structure.

environment,
reaching the ecological concept of environmental protection

and bringing
new vetality for the vast varity of vegetable plant.

harvest?

YES NO
REASON: Because I already have a synthetic fertilizer from chicken

manure.
Dear Farmers;

Name: Jomar Abohela
Age: 29
Sex: Male
Status: Married
Income: Php2,500




YES NO

known.
Organic fertilizer production line is high efficiency, energy-
saving and environmentally-friendly.
None 4. Effective decrease of the usage of chemical fertilizer and

microorganism and trace elements and greatly improve the soil
structure.
protection and bringing new vetality for the vast varity of
vegetable plant.

harvest?

YES NO
REASON: No need to create an organic fertilizer

Dear Farmers;
questions. Please don’t leave any question unanswered. Thank you
Name: Arqui Superable
Status: Married
Age: 23
Sex: Male
Income: Php5,000




YES NO

known.
organic fertilizer production line is high efficiency, energy-
pesticides.
large amount of organic matters, beneficial microorganism
protection and bringing new vetality for the vast varity of
vegetable plant.

harvest?

YES NO
REASON: To use as soil fertilizer

Dear Farmers;
Name: Jonior Landero
Age: 25
Sex: Male
Status: Married
Income: Php5,000
Place: Brgy. Cabintan Sitio Marang Ormoc City




YES NO

known.
1.The application of vegetable waste organic fertilizer
effectively solve the handing problem of vegetable waste,
organic fertilizer production line is high efficiency, energy-saving
and environmentally-friendly.

contains large amount of organic matters, beneficial microorganism
plant.

harvest?

YES NO
REASON: To fertilize the soil

Dear Farmers;
Name: Jimmy Landero
Age: 53
Sex: Male
Status: Married
Income: Php6,000




YES NO

known.
organic fertilizer production line is high efficiency, energy-saving and
vegetable waste. A ton of vegetable waste is processed into panic manure
that can add value of one hundred dollars.

pesticides. Organic fertilizer produced from vegetable waste contains
large amount of organic matters, beneficial microorganism and trace
elements and greatly improve the soil structure.
plant.

harvest?

YES NO
REASON: So that my plants become more healthier

Dear Farmers;

Name: Celso Nayre
Age: 58
Sex: Male
Status: Married
Income:Php6,000
Place: Brgy. Cabintan Sitio Concepcion Ormoc City


YES NO

known.
organic fertilizer production line is high efficiency, energy-
pesticides.

large amount of organic matters, beneficial microorganism
environment, reaching the ecological concept of
environmental protection and bringing new vetality for the
vast varity of vegetable plant.

harvest?

YES NO
REASON: Use as soil fertilizer

Dear Farmers;

Name: Felipe Hermoso
Age: 61
Sex: Male
Status: Married
Income:Php7,000




YES NO

known.

effectively solves
the handing problem of vegetable waste, achieving

sustainable use of
resources and reducing the environmental pollution.

organic

vegetable
waste. A ton of vegetable waste is processed into panic

manure that can
add value of one hundred dollars.

None4. Effective decrease of the usage of chemical fertilizer and
pesticides.

large amount of
organic matters, beneficial microorganism and trace elements

and greatly
improve the soil structure.

environment,

and bringing

harvest?

YES NO
REASON: So that the soil become fertile and my plants become

healthier.
Dear Farmers;

Name: Dante Nazario
Age:53
Sex: Male
Status: Married
Income: Php10,000
Place: Brgy. Cabintan Sitio Marang, ormoc City




YES NO

known.

effectively solves
the handing problem of vegetable waste, achieving

sustainable use of
resources and reducing the environmental pollution.

organic

vegetable
waste. A ton of vegetable waste is processed into panic

manure that can
add value of one hundred dollars.

pesticides.

large amount of
organic matters, beneficial microorganism and trace elements

and greatly
improve the soil structure.

environment,

and bringing

harvest?

YES NO
REASON: To maintain the fertility of the soil

Dear Farmers;

Name: Sepreyano Perez
Status: Married
Age: 38
Sex: Male
Income: php 5,000

CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Danna A. Barcos
Birth Date: Setember 26, 2002
Age:17
Sex: Female
Address: Bgy. Cabintan Sitio, Concepcion Ormoc City
Civil Status: Single

Name: Annie Lee I. Omapas
Birth Date: November 11, 2002
Age: 17
Sex: Female
Address: Brgy. Cabintan Sitio Concepcion Ormoc City

Name: Aniano J. Roble
Birth Date: April 12, 2003
Age: 16
Sex: Male
Address: Brgy. Cabintan Sitio Marang, Ormoc City

Name: Jhester A. Abohela
Birth Date: Novemeber 3,2002
Age: 17
Sex: Male
Address: Brgy. Cabintan, Sitio Marang, Ormoc City

Name: Vegie Tabamo
Birth Date: July 23, 2003
Age: 16
Sex: Male
Address: Brgy. Cabintan Sitio Marang, Ormoc City

Utilizing vegetable crop residues benefits farmers

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UTILIZATION OF RESIDUES IN VEGETABLE CROPS; ITS BENEFITS

TO THE FARMER OF SITIO MARANG, CABINTAN , ORMOC CITY

A research presented to the faculty of

Cabintan National High School

Cabintan Ormoc City

In particular fulfillment in Practical Research

Annie Lee I. Omapas

The researchers would like to thank the following:

To the researchers parent for their understanding, that sometimes, the

researcher cannot help them doing household chores because of this

buy materials for this research.

the happy memories were so blessed to have each other.

To STI students research, for getting the researchers to borrow the

us strength and positive mind everyday for the opportunity to experience

TITLE PAGE ………………… ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………… iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………… iv

Statement of the Problem ………………….2

Conceptual Framework ………………….3

Significance of the Study ………………..4-5

Scope and Limitation …………………6

Definition of Terms …………………6

Review of Related Literature ……………….7-8

Research Locale ………………….9.

The Respondents ………………….9

Research Instrument …………………9.

Statistical Treatment …………………9

Interpretation of Data …………….10-14

Questionnaire for the Farmers ……………..19-48

Curriculum Vitae ……………50-55

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Vegetable residues is a vegetable left over, like leaves, stem, and

vegetable fruit that gathered after vegetable harvesting of the farmers in

anywhere instead utilizing it to become an organic fertilizer. Residues may

be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, of

purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. Something that is

during and after processing of food and vegetable, production of various

state fermentation. (Wiley online library) Vegetable waste, on the other

discarded, and this generally relates consumer or retailer behavior (FAO

or conscious decision to through food.(2005). Fruit and vegetable losses

also indirectly include wasting of critical resources such as land, water,

fertilization, chemicals, energy and labor. These immense quantities of

lost and wasted food commodities also contributed to immense

environmental problems as they decompose in landfills and emit harmful

greenhouse gases (Venkat 2011: vilarino and others).

The main problem of this study is to verify the UTILIZATION OF

This study aims to answer following questions;

1. What vegetable crops that are usually delivered in different places

2. What would be the benefits of the vegetable residues to the

3. Does throwing crops residues good to soil and environment?

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

of the utilization of residues in vegetable crops; its benefi1ts to the farmer

in Sitio Marang, Brgy. Cabintan.

This study aims to answer the following objectives;

1. To determine the vegetable crops that are usually delivered in

2. To determine the benefits of the vegetable residues to the farmers.

3. To determine if throwing crops residues are good to soil and

The utilization of Its benefits to the farmer

This diagram shows the independent variable and

variable of the Utilization Of Residues in Vegetable Crops;

Benefits to the Farmer in Sitio Marang, Brgy. Cabintan.

The researchers perceive the following as their assumption of the study;