The Peninsula School, Inc.

PBR Housing Compound, Alangan, Limay, Bataan 2103

EFFECTS OF IMPROPER SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN

BARANGAY TOWNSITE, LIMAY, BATAAN

In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for Practical Research 2

ANGELO CAPOTE KEITH CLIEVE VILLEGAS

JENNA ESPENOCILLA TRICIA MAE LASALA

SAMANTHA JOY SANTOS ALYSSA OBDIN

November 2019

1
 APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment for Applied Research 2, their research entitled EFFECTS OF

IMPROPER SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BARANGAY TOWNSITE, LIMAY,
BATAAN has been prepared and submitted by Angelo Capote, Keith Clieve Villegas, Jenna
Espenocilla, Tricia Mae Lasala, Samantha Joy Santos, and Alyssa Obdin.

Accepted and approved as partial requirement for “Applied Research 2” with the grade of
________.

MRS. AUREA PARBO

RESEARCH TEACHER

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The members of the research group Korea would like to express their deepest
appreciation to those who participated and wholeheartedly contributed in the making of this
research study. These are the following people to partake:

First of all, the researchers would like to thank The Peninsula School, Inc. for giving the
class an opportunity to make a research study and giving support to the involved community of
researchers.

Then, Mrs. Aurea Parbo, the research teacher of the school, for her never-ending patience
and understanding. Also, for the guidance she gave during the entire activity.

For the chosen Barangay Officials of Barangay Townsite, Limay, Bataan, the constituent
would like to show their gratitude for assisting them all throughout the process of data gathering.

As well as the selected households of the said Barangay, for their willingness in
participating and answering the given questionnaires provided by the organization.

Furthermore, the Korea group would like to proclaim their delightfulness to their family,
friends, and classmate for their continuous support in all aspects.

Lastly, our Almighty God, for His undying and inevitable guidance and protection. For
showering prosperity to the members as they proceed in making the research study.

In addition to this, nothing would’ve been possible if not for the endless support,
cooperation, and love they’ve given all throughout the making.

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 ABSTRACT

Every day, people use different kinds of waste in a very large amount in a way that
managing these wastes became a problem in our society. The general objective of this study is to
identify the effects of improper solid waste management in the different households to the health
and environment of the residents of Barangay Townsite, Limay, Bataan. The researchers also
aim to solve the problems regarding the effects of improper solid waste management and be able
to give recommendations to the residents of Barangay Townsite to minimize the effects.

The researchers used surveys and interviews to gather the needed information. The
findings of this research shows that there are health risks determined but there is not much
environmental risks present in the given setting that is believed to be caused by improper solid
waste management. Proper segregation of waste is a very effective way of managing solid waste,
which is being practiced in Barangay Townsite, Proper waste management should be practiced
nationwide in order for the people to experience a healthy and clean environment.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ……………………………1

APPROVAL SHEET ……………………………2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………3
ABSTRACT ……………………………4
TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………5

CHAPTER I – THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction ……………………………6
Statement of the Problem ……………………………7
Significance of the Study ……………………………7
Scope and Delimitations ……………………………8
Definition of Terms ……………………………8

CHAPTER II – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Review of Related Literature ……………………………9

CHAPTER III – METHODOLOGY

Methods and Techniques ……………………………11
Population of the Study ……………………………11
Data Gathering Procedure ……………………………12
Data Processing and Statistical Treatment ……………………………12

CHAPTER IV – RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Survey Questions ……………………………13
Interview Questions ……………………………19

CHAPTER V – CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion ……………………………23
Recommendation ……………………………24
BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………25
CURRICULUM VITAE ……………………………27

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 CHAPTER I

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction

Every day, people produce different kinds of wastes in different households, factories,
industries, etc. These wastes are produced in large and uncontrollable amounts in which
managing these wastes became a problem in our society. Rinkesh (n.d) stated that America alone
produces about 220 million tons of waste annually. In the Philippines, the National Solid Waste
Management Commission calculated that in 2016, approximately 40,000 tons of solid waste
produced per day (Senate Economic Planning Office, 2017).

Solid waste is a kind of waste which pertains to any wastes that are discarded or
abandoned (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, n.d.). There are three
types of solid waste based on their source, namely, Municipal waste, Hazardous waste, and
Biomedical waste (“What are Solid Wastes”, 2012). Improper management of these wastes leads
to several problems such as environmental degradation and health problems. It may create
serious negative environmental impacts such as infectious diseases, land and water pollution,
obstruction of drains and loss of biodiversity (Ejaz N., Akhtar N., Nisar H. & Ali Naeem U.,
2010).

Researchers decided to conduct a research in Barangay Townsite, Limay, Bataan to

further determine the effects of improper solid waste management to this barangay. However,
this research is restricted only to the environmental and health effects of the improper solid waste
management in the different households and not in any other establishments in the said barangay.

As above-mentioned, this study aims to know the effects of improper solid waste
management in the different households on the environment and health of the people in
Barangay Townsite, Limay, Bataan. This research will benefit the researchers, residents,
barangay officials, health officials and future researchers by making them aware of the problems
arising from improper solid waste management. This study also aims to find solutions to these
problems, such as suggesting ways on how to properly manage these solid wastes to prevent
further effects.

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Statement of the Problem

The general problem of the study: What are the effects of improper solid waste
management in the different households to the environment and health of the residents in Brgy.
Townsite, Limay, Bataan. Specifically, it answers the following questions:

1. What are the different types of solid waste produced in the different households in Brgy.
Townsite?
2. How much solid wastes are produced in the different households in Brgy. Townsite
weekly?
3. What are the effects of improper solid waste management in the health of the people of
Brgy. Townsite?
4. What are the environmental effects of improper solid waste management in Brgy.
Townsite?
5. In what ways do the residents manage their solid waste?
6. How frequent do these solid wastes are collected?
7. What are the ways to properly manage solid wastes?

Significance of the Study:

Researchers. The researchers will know the effects of the improper solid waste
management and will find solutions to the problems brought by improper solid waste
management.

. Residents. The residents will know the problems regarding the effects of improper waste
management.

Barangay Officials. The barangay officials will find ways to manage solid waste
properly.

Health Officials. The health center officials will know how to solve the effects on health
of improper solid waste management.

Other Researchers. The study can serve as a reference material in conducting new
researches or other references that are aligned in the study.
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Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This research will be conducted on Brgy. Townsite , Limay, Bataan. The respondents will
come only from the different households and not on any establishments. The study is focused
on the health and environmental effects of improper solid waste management.

Definition of Terms

Solid Waste - are any discarded or abandoned materials which can be solid, liquid, semi-solid or
containerized gaseous material.

Management - a set of activities directed at the efficient and effective utilization of resources in
the pursuit of one or more goals

Health - can be defined as physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and as a resource for living a
full life

Environment - the circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is surrounded.

Health Risks - an adverse event or negative health consequence due to a specific event, disease,
or condition.

Environmental Risks - the “actual or potential threat of adverse effects on living organisms and
the environment by effluents, emissions, wastes, resource depletion, etc., arising out of an
organization’s activities.”

Segregation

Biodegradable

Non-biodegradable

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 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

A study entitled “Solid Waste Management- Case Study” conducted by Ashish R.

Mishra, Shweta A. Mishra, and Anurag V. Tiwari talks about the current status of solid waste
management in Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India. This study could serve as a guide for us for
surveying the current status of solid waste management in our selected location.
A study conducted by Nachalida Yukalang, Beverley Clarke, and Kirstin Ross reviews
the management of municipal solid waste in northeast Thailand, using the Tha Khon Yang Sub-
district Municipality (TKYSM) in Maha Sarakham Province as a case study. The combination of
rapid population and economic growth and its associated affluence has led to an increase in the
use of consumer items and a concomitant increase in the production of municipal solid waste.
The aim of this study is to provide viable solutions to waste management challenges in the
TKYSM, and potentially to offer guidance to other similar localities also facing the same
challenges. The study is entitled “Solid Waste Management Solutions for a Rapidly Urbanizing
Area in Thailand: Recommendations Based on Stakeholder Input”.
In the Philippines, a study is conducted by Van Ryan Kristopher R. Galarpe entitled
“Review On The Impacts Of Waste Disposal Sites In The Philippines” talks about how waste
disposal sites such as dumpsites and landfills become a threat in the environment and in the
health of the people, especially those who live in such areas. Even if the current Ecological Solid
Waste Management (ESWM) Act of 2000 of the Philippines or RA 9003 is implemented, its
implementation, however, on local government shows lack of institutional arrangements on
waste management. The overall study also summarizes the key points to suggest a mechanism to
improve the solid waste disposal system to meet the policies of RA 9003.
The Senate Economic Planning Office (SEPO) conducted a research about the current
state of Solid Wastes in the Philippines. Specifically, it talks about Solid Waste generation,
sources and composition, and the current Solid Waste management in every region in the
Philippines. The paper is entitled “Philippine Solid Wastes: At A Glance”.
A study conducted by Alicia L. Castillo and Suehiro Otoma from the University of
Kitakyushu, Japan entitled “Status of Solid Waste Management in the Philippines” reviews the

9
challenges of Municipal Solid Wastes management in the Philippines in the midst of the growing
number of population in urban areas as the aggressive pursuit for economic growth resulted in
manufacture, distribution and use of products and generation of wastes contributes to
environmental degradation and global climate change. This study also recommends possible and
innovative ways to manage solid waste.
Another study entitled “Solid-waste management practices of households in Manila,
Philippines” conducted by Bernardo EC shows the experiences and practices of household waste
management of people in a barangay (village) in Manila, Philippines. This study shows the
different types of waste generated in every households and how improper management of these
wastes become a risk in the health of residents in the said barangay.
One study entitled “Zero Waste” conducted by Luv Upadhyaya stated about the “Zero
Waste Theory” which is a semi-philosophical theory that deals with the minimization of waste to
its lowest level. This term was coined in the mid of 1970’s by PhD. chemist Paul Palmer. Zero
waste practice is about how to gain maximum efficiency from the use of resources. It is third
generation planning, where wasting is the first generation and recycling is the second. The theory
deals mostly with waste as a resource for another product.

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 CHAPTER III

Methodology

This chapter presents the methods of research that were utilized in the collection analysis
and interpretation of the data related to the study. Specifically, it includes the methods and
techniques of the study, population of the study, data gathering procedure, and data processing
and statistical treatment.

Methods and Techniques

This study used a case study method of data collection to effectively explain the effects
of Improper Solid Waste Management. It also used quantitative type of research method in
gathering data, specifically numerical data, which is important in our research.

According to Press Academia (2018), a case study method is a research strategy that
investigates a phenomenon within its real-life context. It is also a descriptive and exploratory
analysis of a person, group or event.

A quantitative research method is a method of research that relies on measuring variables

usng a numerical system, analyzing these measurements using any variety of statistical models,
and reporting relationships and associations among the studied variables (Lucas-Alfieri, 2015).

Population of the Study

The population of the study included the residents of Barangay Townsite, Limay, Bataan,
specifically from the different households in the said barangay. The researchers interviewed two
interviewees from the barangay hall and give out questionnaires to eleven respondents from the
different households. Ten respondents is the minimum respondents that the research teacher
identified.

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Data Gathering Procedure

For the purpose of acquiring data from the respondents, a formal letter was sent to the
Barangay Hall with consent from Ms. Aurea Parbo, the research teacher. The researchers went to
the said barangay to give out questionnaires having close-ended, open-ended and multiple choice
questions to the different households. The researchers gathered answers from eleven
respondents. Afterwards, an interview is conducted at the barangay hall having two interviewees
which is identified as a kagawad and barangay captain. The type of interview used is a structured
interview wherein a particular set of predetermined questions are prepared by the interviewer in
advance. The purpose of the study was also informed to the respondents and the researchers
assured them that the data gathered will remain confidential and will be used for academic
purposes only.

Data Processing and Statistical Treatment

The pertinent data was treated with the most fitted statistical tool or treatment in order to
solve the problem involved in this study. The gathered information were analyzed and presented
through graphs and tables.

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 CHAPTER IV

Results and Discussions

Survey Questions

Priority Concern
0%

15% Littering and Looks Bad

39% Effect on Human Health
Effect on the Environment
46%
Others

The graph shows that 46% of the respondents’ priority concern is the effects of improper
solid wastes management on human health, while 39% is about the effects on the environment.

As stated in this graph, the top one priority concern of the respondents is the effects of
improper solid waste management. This indicates that when a person is aware about the effects
of the solid waste pollution he will have his concerns regarding the problem. Solid waste
management avoids different kinds of diseases that are caused by bacteria and also to avoid pests
that might also carry a fatal disease (Suleman, et al., 2015).

70
60
50 Plastics bags
40 Cardboard boxes

30 Rubbish bin

20 Others
No Storage
10
0
No. of days used

The graph shows that plastic bags are the ones used in disposing their solid wastes and
following the most used is the rubbish bins, which is in the middle of 40 and 50.

13
 The graph confirmed that plastic bags are the most used for disposing their solid wastes.
According to the Australian Government (2018), disposal of solid wastes must be environmental
friendly because the important reason of proper waste management id to prevent health and
environmental problem. This means that residents of Brgy. Townsite have an improper practice
of solid waste disposal.

Disposal Site

17% Nearby Container

33% Open Spaces
25% Near home
25% Others

This graph shows that 33% of the respondents, which are residents of Brgy. Townsite,
Limay, Bataan, dispose their wastes nearby containers or garbage bins, while disposing in open
spaces and near home both had 25%.

Like in the previous graph, disposal plays a vital role in proper solid waste management.
Proper use of waste storing materials in disposal is as important as the place where people
dispose their garbages. Mohsin and Chinyama (2016) explained that disposal sites cause impacts
to the possible effects of improper solid waste management.

1% Waste Generated Organic waste

1% Plastic
2% 0%
Paper
6% Solids
6% 18%
glass bottles
metal items
26% wood
31% Cloth
9% Chemicals
Others

The graph shows that 31% of plastics are produced from the household of the
respondents. Second is the solids which has 26%, but aside from other wastes, both clothes and
chemical wastes have 1 %.
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 These numbers are not good because plastics is the most used material and everybody
knows that plastics would take a lot of years for it to decompose. According to Rinkesh, in order
to prevent huge problems, different kinds of wastes have different ways of disposal. It means that
as long as the respondents know how to dispose the different kinds of wastes, it safe to say that
they and their community could be prevented from problems.

Waste Collection
Respondent Once a Week Other
3 days Everyday
1 X
2 X
3 X
4 X
5 X
6 X
7 X
8 X
9 X
10 X
11 X
The table shows that majority of the respondents use the collection service every day, but
three of the respondents answered once a week.

According to Britannica, proper solid waste collection is a significant factor for the public
health, safety, and environmental quality of the residents of a community. Also, the proper usage
of collection service for the disposal of wastes is thrice a week. Meaning, the respondents
dispose their wastes with the proper use of collection service as seen in the table.

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List of Diseases experienced during the last 6 weeks:

1. Diarrhea - 2

2. Dengue- 3

The list shows that only 5 of the respondents experienced diseases. 3 out of 5 experienced
dengue and the remaining two experienced diarrhea.

Mentioned in the previous evidences, improper solid waste management do bring

different kinds of diseases that might be brought by bacteria or pests. 5 out of the 11 respondents
had experienced dengue and diarrhea for the past six weeks and they believe that improper solid
waste management is the main reason of being sick.

List of Environmental Risk:

1. Air Pollution- 3

2. Flooding- 2

The list shows that 5 of the respondents experienced environmental risk. 3 of them
experience air pollution and the other two experience flooding.

Solid wastes produce different kinds of gases and chemical compositions that may cause
air pollution and land poison. In addition to this, other kinds of solid wastes that are thrown
everywhere will go to drainage systems during typhoons and cause the flooding that could be
destructive to properties.

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 RESPONDENTS (YES/NO) TOTAL

QUESTIONS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 YES NO N/A

Do you know Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 11 0 0
what Solid
Wastes are?

Are you aware Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 10 1 0
about the
effects of
Improper
Solid Waste
Management?
Do you Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 11 0 0
manage you
wastes in your
home
properly?

Do you Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 2 0
separate
different type
of waste at
your home?

Would you do Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 1 0
so if you are
told by your
barangay
officials?

Are there any No No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No No 4 7 0

large bins in
your area?

Do you have Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes 9 2 0
regular
garbage
collection in
your area?

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Is your Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 9 2 0
barangay
strict on
implementing
rules
regarding
waste
management?
Are you Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes 8 3 0
satisfied with
the current
solid waste
management
in your
barangay?
Do you think Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No 5 3 3
these Health
and
Environmental
risk are
caused by
improper solid
waste disposal
in your
household or
barangay?

Interview Questions

Respondent 1:

1. Do you know what Solid Wastes are?

Oo

2. Are you aware about the effects of Improper Solid Waste Management?

Oo aware kami jan at inaayos talaga namin ang pagtatapon, nagrerecycle kami.

3. How do you manage your waste here in the barangay?

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Sa Barangay Townsite binubukod namin ang plastic sa nabubulok at yung iba kinocompose
namin.

4. How regular does the collection of waste done in the barangay?

Sa pagkolekta sa ngayun ang koleksyun ng basura namin Monday to Wednesday di na bubulok

pero Thursday to Saturday nabubulok iyun yung mga kinocompose namin.

5. Are you aware of the amount of solid waste produced in the barangay per collection?

Totally lahat ba pati nabubulok ahhh ano pinaka marami plastic every collection.

6. Do you have rules in waste disposal here in the barangay?

Oo meron gaya nga ng iseseperate nila ang nabubulok sa hindi kapag kinuha na ang mga basura.

7. Do you segregate wastes/ garbage in the barangay?

Oo nagsesegregate kami.

8. Do you do street cleaning regularly?

Ahhh pagkamalinis naman ano kami weekly puwera pa pag may dalawang streetsweaper.

9. Do you think the streets in your barangay are free from wastes or garbage?

Ay oo maayos naman kung baga pinagsasabihan rin namin sila na ayusin ganun.

10. What are the common problems, brought by improper waste disposal, are experienced
in the barangay?

Ahhhh pagdating sa pagtatapon nila ng hindi tama hindi namin Kinukuha kasi hindi iyun ang
tamang tapon sa araw na ayun.

11. Do you experience flooding? (if yes continue to 12)(if no continue to 15)

Hindi mataas naman ang barangay townsite.

12. Are there wastes or garbage stuck on canals?

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Nagkakaroon ng konting basura pero hindi ganun karami kung baga maliit lang na basura kaya
nagkakaroon kami ng weekly clean up.

13. Do you do canal clean up? How regular do you clean up canals?

Depende nga kapag Nakita namin na an pinapabomba namin sa firetruck pero kung kaya ng tao
kami na rin naglilinis kundi sa tulong ng mga barangay, barangay officials, barangay tanod, kung
minsan kumukuha din kami sa labas sa may mga samahan na ano.

14. What kinds of garbage are found in canals whenever you do cleanups?

Kapag karaniwan yung mga plastic kung minsan natural lang na nagkakaron ng lupa yon kaya
pinapala namin. Mga buha-buhangin minsan sa daan, nagwawalis kami talagang di natin
maiwasang magkaroon ng lupa. Gaya niyan kung minsan umulan kahit papano yung kalsada,
may lupa yan. Doon tatakbo.

15. Do you experience pollution like air, water, soil, garbage pollution here in the
barangay?(if yes continue to 16)(if no continue to 17)

Wala naman akong nakikita dito sa lugar natin eh. Wala pa kaming naeexperience. Tulad nung
mga tubig natin wala rin akong nakikita.

16. How many families are here in the barangay?

Nasa ano tayo. Sa families, totally ano yun eh. 5000 tayo. Populated na kasi tayo eh kasama na
yung ano.

Respondent 2:

1. Do you know what Solid Wastes are?

Syempre

2. Are you aware about the effects of Improper Solid Waste Management?

Ah syempre

3. How do you manage your waste here in the barangay?

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Ahhh bawat bahay nagpapadala kami flyers tungkol sa pagpapaayos sa segregate ng basura at
araw ng paghakot ng basura.

4. How regular does the collection of waste done in the barangay?

Pagkalunes hanggang huwebes naghahakot ng basura ngayun pagka miyerkules hanggang

sabado naghahakot rin kami ng basura

5. Are you aware of the amount of solid waste produced in the barangay per collection?

Marami rin kaming nakukuhang basura pero mas marami ang plastics.

6. Do you have rules in waste disposal here in the barangay?

Bawal magtapon ng basura kung saan saan. Bawal maglagay ng basura doon sa harapan ng
bahay niyo. Bawal din magalabas ng basura.

7. Do you segregate wastes/ garbage in the barangay?

Oo sa bahay namin meron kami taga segregate ng basura na kagaya ng sa mga tauhan namin.

8. Do you do street cleaning regularly?

Weekly meron kaming naglilinis katulad ngayun may streetsweaper at mga barangay tanod.

9. Do you think the streets in your barangay are free from wastes or garbage?

Sa taon taon naman lagi ang barangay townsite ang nanalo sa kalinisan ng barangay.

10. What are the common problems, brought by improper waste disposal, are experienced
in the barangay?

Pagdating sa basura katulad ng sanga sanga kasi bawal lang magputol ng puno tatambak na sa
basurahan kailangan bago sana ilagay sa basurahan nakatali na.

11. Do you experience flooding? (if yes continue to 12)(if no continue to 15)

Hindi naman

12. Are there wastes or garbage stuck on canals?

21
Madalang naman kasi meron kaming weekly clean up at nagrerequest kami ng paglinis sa canal
sa mga bomber.

13. Do you do canal clean up? How regular do you clean up canals?

Basta weekly

14. How many families are here in the barangay?

5648

22
 CHAPTER V

Conclusion and Recommendations

Conclusion

Every day, people use different kinds of waste in a very large amount in a way that
managing these wastes became a problem in our society. The general objective of this study is to
identify the effects of improper solid waste management in the different households to the health
and environment of the residents of Barangay Townsite, Limay, Bataan. The researchers also
aim to solve the problems regarding the effects of improper solid waste management and be able
to give recommendations to the residents of Barangay Townsite to minimize the effects.

The findings of this study show that residents are aware about Improper Solid Waste
Management and its effects to their health and environment. Residents manage their solid waste
properly by segregating different types of waste generated in their households. Some of
respondents believe that improper solid waste management can cause different health risk such
as dengue and diarrhea and other environmental risk such as flooding and air pollution.

Solid wastes from different households are collected regularly. In addition, the barangay
collects biodegradable materials only during Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays and in the other
hand, non- biodegradable waste are collected during Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. This
promotes proper segregation in the barangay, thus, it can be seen that proper solid waste
management is being practiced in Barangay Townsite.

Because of proper solid waste management, most of the residents do not actually
experience some health and environmental risks. Some respondents who actually experienced
some of the environmental risk do not blame improper solid waste management. Since the
primary concern of the barangay is to avoid health and environmental risks, the barangay
implement strict rules and regulations in the proper management of these wastes.

Implementation of proper waste management practices in a nationwide scale can prevent

most of the environmental and health risk that the country experiences. Conducting seminars
about proper waste management to the public would greatly help educate people about the

23
effects of Improper Solid Waste Management, thus, minimizing the risks of this environmental
problem. The government should be strict in implementing laws regarding solid waste
management so that the people of the country, especially those in poverty, live a healthy life in a
healthy environment.

Recommendations

On the subject of the researchers, this study helps the researchers to gain information and
to know the importance of proper solid waste management especially to the health and
environment.

For the residents, this study will be recommended to them to know how to minimize
health and environmental risks by managing solid waste properly through proper segregation of
wastes in their households.

In regards with the barangay officials, the researchers also recommend this study to the
barangay officials for them to know how to continuously improve their solid waste management
to prevent further environmental and health risks.

As to health officials, this research would be recommended to health officials for this
contains the information that states the current state of the barangay regarding the health risks.
This research could help them plan activities regarding awareness about the effects of the
improper solid waste management especially to the health of the residents.

In conducting a research, time is crucial and future researchers must practice time
management in order to finish their study. The future researchers must also have sufficient
knowledge regarding their study. It is also important for them to be interested in their study that
will help them gain the motivation to finish and learn more about their research. The future
researchers must also be cautious in choosing their RRL and RRS as well as other information to
be put in their study. They must do their research with honesty, integrity, and responsibility. And
more importantly, the future researchers must also think about the factors that might affect the
data of their study as well as the respondents and the researchers themselves.

24
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bernardo, E. C. (2008). Solid-waste management practices of households in Manila, Philippines.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. doi: 10.1196/annals.1454.016.
Castillo, A. L., & Otoma, S. (n.d.). Status of Solid Waste Management in the Philippines.
Retrieved from https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsmcwm/24/0/24_677/_pdf.
Britannica. (2019). Solid-waste Management. Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/technology/solid-waste-management/Solid-waste-collection
on 10/28/19.
Business: Australian Government. (2018). Waste Management. Retrieved from
https://www.business.gov.au/risk-management/environmental-impact/waste-management
on 10/28/19.
Crawford (n.d.). Environmental Risk: Defined. Crawford Global Technical Services. Retrieved
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