ENERGY CHANGES

Session 3 – Exothermic reaction

Learning outcomes

▪ Explore and explain the idea of exothermic processes.

Exothermic reactions

▪ An exothermic reaction is the one in which heat is given out.

▪ The temperature of the surrounding increases.
Burning

▪ Burning is a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen.

▪ Fuel – the substance that combines with oxygen is called a fuel/ substances that
are burned to provide heat or light.
▪ Examples –
▪ Charcoal, wood, coal, natural gas, petrol, wax, diesel and oil are examples of fuels.
▪ Combustion is another term for burning. Often a fast reaction.
Read page 70 (Reactants and products of combustion) page 70
Course book

▪ Discuss.
▪ Answer the questions given on page 70.
▪ 1. What is needed for combustion to take place?
▪ 1 A fuel, oxygen and energy to start off the reaction.
▪ 2. What is an exothermic reaction?
▪ 2 An exothermic reaction is one in which more energy is given out than is put in.
▪ 3. How can you tell that burning is an exothermic reaction?
▪ 3 Heat energy is given off.
Burning other substances

▪ Hydrogen can be used as a fuel in a model rocket.

▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RL7acBSFUAQ
▪ Hydrogen + oxygen -------→ water + kinetic energy + heat energy + sound light +
light energy
▪ Also watch the following link later
▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgbtdqurEY0
▪ Burning of magnesium ribbon results in formation of magnesium oxide and release
of energy in the form of light and heat.
▪ Magnesium + oxygen -----------→ magnesium oxide
Oxidation reactions

▪ When a substance burns in air it reacts with oxygen.

▪ A new substance oxides are formed.
▪ Reaction is known as oxidation reaction. Combustion is a oxidation reaction.
▪ Iron rusting is an exothermic reaction. Iron oxide is formed though the reaction is
slower and less vigorous.
▪ Heat is produced in rusting but since the reaction is slow and heat quickly gets
spread into the air the rusting object does not feel warm.
Respiration

▪ The process in which energy is released from food is called respiration.

▪ Glucose + oxygen ---------→ carbon dioxide + water.
▪ Energy released inside the body is used to make a body move and some of the
energy is released as heat.
Questions on page 71 Course book

▪ 4. What sort of reaction is rusting?

▪ 4 Rusting is an oxidation reaction.
▪ 5. Which compound is formed when copper reacts with oxygen.
▪ 5 When copper reacts with oxygen, copper oxide is formed
▪ 6. When magnesium burns in air what types of energy is the chemical energy
changed into?
▪ 6 Chemical energy is changed into heat and light energy.
Homework

▪ Complete page 46 and 47 of the workbook.

Answers to the questions on page 46 and 47 of the workbook

▪ 1 sulfur + oxygen → sulfur dioxide

▪ 2 magnesium + sulfuric acid → magnesium sulfate + hydrogen
▪ 3 They could do some preliminary work to find out what change in length of
magnesium ribbon is needed to produce any change in the temperature increase.
They could also look at ways to ensure that they are measuring the increase in
temperature before losing too much of the heat energy to the environment. This
would help them plan their investigation so that they do not waste time on changes
in the length of ribbon that do not produce a measurable increase in the
temperature increase.
▪ 4. a They needed to change the metal they are using.
Continued

▪ b The variables that the two boys kept the same are the type of acid used, the
volume of acid used and the method they used.
▪ c The variable they should have kept the same is the mass of the metal used.
▪ d You cannot form a reliable conclusion with these results because they have not
used the same mass of metal.
▪ e They could improve their investigation and make the results more reliable by using
the same mass of each metal. Repeating their results several times, so that they
allow for any errors, would also improve the reliability of the results.