ACEDO-PAIDUMAMA, SITTIE RAIYA

1. Discuss the importance of TOS to a student and a teacher. (20pts)

The importance of TOS to a teacher is that it helps teachers frame the

decision-making process of test construction and improve the validity
of teacher's evaluations. A TOS is one tool that teachers can use to
support their professional judgment when creating or selecting test
for use with their students. The TOS can be used in conjunction with
lesson and unit planning to help teacher make clear the connections between
planning, instruction, and assessment. Also, It helps teachers to identify the
types of items they need to include in their tests. On the other hand, the
importance of TOS to a student is can help students at all ability levels
learn better. By providing the table to students during instruction, students
can recognize the main ideas, key skills, and the relationships among
concepts more easily.

2. What is the importance of taxonomy in teaching? (15pts)

Bloom's Taxonomy is essential because it helps educators identify
achievable learning goals and develop plans to meet them. The
Bloom's Taxonomy framework allows educators to assess learning on an
ongoing basis, encouraging students to reflect on their progress.

Bloom’s taxonomy was developed to provide a common language for teachers

to discuss and exchange learning and assessment methods. Specific learning
outcomes can be derived from the taxonomy, though it is most commonly
used to assess learning on a variety of cognitive levels. The table below
defines each cognitive level from higher- to lower-order thinking.

The goal of an educator’s using Bloom’s taxonomy is to encourage higher-

order thought in their students by building up from lower-level cognitive skills.
Behavioral and cognitive learning outcomes are given to highlight how
Bloom’s taxonomy can be incorporated into larger-scale educational goals or
guidelines. The key phrases can be used (e.g., Example Assessments) to
prompt for these skills during the assessment process.

3. What information is contained in the TOS? (15pts)

The TOS is typically constructed as a table that includes key information
to help teachers align the learning objectives that represent the content
and cognitive levels intended for students to achieve with class time spent
and the number of test items.
The TOS depends on the following components; topic discussed, number
of hours or meetings the topic was discussed, total number of hours
used in discussing topics, and the total number of test items to be
constructed. These four components basically dictate the contents of the
TOS. Tables of Specification typically are designed based on the list of course
objectives, the topics covered in class, the amount of time spent on those
topics, textbook chapter topics, and the emphasis and space provided in the
text.