Module 2A

Cells

Cells are the smallest living units of the structure and function of the body. This chapter describes
cellular structure and some of the general activities that cells carry out within the body.

CELL STRUCTURE
1. Match the following major parts of a cell with their proper descriptions.
Use each letter once. Each answer line will have two or more correct letters.
1) Cell membrane B,E,G,I A. Contains the chromosomes of a cell
D,H B. Made of phospholipids,protein,and cholesterol
2) Cytoplasm
C. Is the control center of a cell because of the genes it
3) Nucleus A,C,F,J contains
D. A watery solution of minerals,organic molecules,and
gases
E. Forms the outermost boundary of a cell
F. Contains the nucleolus
G. Permits certain substances to enter or leave the cell
H. Found between the cell membrane and the nucleus
I. Is selectively permeable
J. Mature red blood cells lack this structure
2. a) Name the three organic molecules that make up cell membranes. Phospholipids
Proteins
_________ Cholesterol _
,and ________
b) Use your answers above to complete the following:
1) Provides stability for the cell membrane. Cholesterol

2) Form pores and transporters in the cell membrane.

Protein

3) Are antigens,in combination with oligosaccharides. Proteins

4) Permit the diffusion of lipid-soluble substances into or out of the cell. Phospholipids
5) Are receptor sites for hormones. Protein

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Cilia

Microvilli

Cell Membrane
Golgi Apparatus
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Centrioles

Proteasome

Nucleus

Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum

Ribosomes

Mitochondria

Lysosome
E-7
A-1
J-9
B-3
G-4
C-8
F-7
H-6

D-5
I - 10
K-2
C-2
F-1
A-5
E
E-7
G-3
D-4
B-6

40mmHg
104mHg

45mmHO
40mmHg
 Active Transport

Osmosis
Active
Transport

the same
a higher
a lower

Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic

 Chromosomes
46
two
double helix
Thymine
Guanine
Protein
Amino Acid
Three
Triplet
Codon

1
messenger
mRNA
uracil
nucleus
ribosomes
transfer
tRNA
codon

peptide
ribosomes

mRNA structural proteins

Enzymes
mRNA
structural proteins
 Nucleus

DNA

Amino Acid
Protein Chain

tRNA
Ribosome
mRNA

A,B,G,H
C,D,E,F
Each DNA molecule makes a copy of itself

B,D,G
A,F
C,E
H,I

Skin Replacement of skin cells.

Bone marrow Replacement of red blood cells.

nerve cells
It is unable to reproduce so that it would not mess up nerve connections.

Interphase Cytokinesis Anaphase

Metaphase Prophase Telophase

Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

 C
Y M I T O C H O N D R I A
T E T
O R G A N E L L E S H
P L G A M E T E S
L F M I O
A A C T I V E T R A N S P O R T R
S L M O Y
M T B C S
G R R H D I P L O I D
E A A R S I
A N T N O F
S E L E C T I V E L Y P E R M E A B L E F
R O O U
O N U C L E U S S M I T O S I S
B O I
P I N O C Y T O S I S M H A P L O I D
C E N
O S M O S I S
 red bone marrow

the same

gain osmosis
swell

mitosis
protein synthesis
Active transport—the movement of molecules from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration.

Ribosomes - the site of protein synthesis.

Genes makes up the chromosomes of cells

Amino acids are bonded to one another by ionic gene.

Telophase - a nuclear membrane forms around each new set of chromosomes.

The phospholipids permit facilitated diffusion of lipid-soluble substancea.

Most nerve cells cannot reproduce when there is damage to the brain.

Osmosis - The absorption of water by the small intestine.

Human cells in a shrivel or isotonic could remain.

Proteasomes have enzymes to destroy misfolded sugars