JESSIE G.

SANDOY BSME-2B DECEMBER 6, 2020

MODULE 3

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Lesson 3 – Agrarian Reform from the Spanish Colonial Philippines to the Present

Activity Choose the correct word inside the box from the given definition.

Encomienda maharlikas aliping mamamahay

Encomenderos aliping saguiguilid

Encomienda 1. A system of giving lands (Royal Land Grants) to the Spanish conquerors that were loyal to the
Spanish monarch.

Maharlikas 2. . It means freemen.

Encomenderos 3. . It is termed to a person who must defend his encomienda from external attack, maintain
peace and order within, and supports the missionaries.

Analysis

1. What is Agrarian reform?

Answer: Agrarian Reform is defined as the rectification of the whole system of agriculture. Is concerned with
the relation between production and distribution of land among farmers.

2. How about Land Reform?

Answer: Land Reform involves the changing of laws, regulations or customs regarding land ownership. It may
consist of government-initiated or government-backed property redistribution, generally of agricultural land.

3. Is it important to know those reforms? Why?

Answer: Yes, because it makes a big impact especially to farmer beneficiaries, it increased their income,
reduced poverty incidence and these reforms will solve century’s old problem of landlessness in rural areas. It
promotes equity and social justice, food security and poverty alleviation in our countryside.

Application

Task 1: Write the word true if the statement is correct, otherwise, write false.

False 1. The encomiendero was a Spanish conqueror who was granted of a land to administer through
which he institutionalized the renting of the land to powerful landlords.

True 2. Lands during the Spanish colonial period, in extent became a friar estate.

True 3. The resolution to the land registration problem was essentially an application for Torrens title.

False 4. Article II, section 22 of the Philippine Constitution provides that “The State shall promote
comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform”. This was the basis for the implementation of CARP or
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program.
True 5. The Land Bank of the Philippines was conferred to be responsible in determining land valuation
as well as compensation for lands covered by CARP.

Task 2: Match the items in column A with the items in column B. Write the letter only.

A B

C__ 1. Governed the relationship between landowner and tenant farmer. a. Executive Order No. 379

__B__ 2. Established LASEDECO and NARR to resettle landless tenants. b. Republic Act. No. 1160
__J__ 3. Purchase and lease of haciendas and sale and lease to the tenants. c. Republic Act. No. 1199
__i___ 4. Introduced homestead system in the country. d. Republic Act. No. 1400
__D___ 5. Created LTA responsible for the acquisition and distribution e. Republic Act. No. 3844
__E__ 6. Abolished share tenancy and institutionalized leasehold f. Republic Act. No. 6390
of large tenanted rice and corn lands. g. Republic Act. No. 6657
__F__ 7. Created DAR and the Agrarian Reform Special Account Fund h. Republic Act. No. 9700
__G___ 8. Known and the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law i. Public Land Act
Executive Order No. 364_ 9. Broadened the scope of DAR making
responsible all land reforms. j. Rural Program
Administration
__H___ 10. Strengthened CARP and extend acquisition of agricultural lands. k. Free Farmers Act

Task 3 Differentiate the Agrarian reform from the different administration; Ferdinand Marcos,
Corazon C. Aquino, Rodrigo R. Duterte and give your general insights about the advantages of those
reforms. Rodrigo R. Duterte
Ferdinand E. Marcos Corazon C. Aquino The issue of land reform has been
persistent ever up to the present time.
During this time, the Agrarian Article II, Sec. 21 of the 1987
The current Duterte administration is
Reform program was put into Philippine Constitution provides
committed to pursuing the agrarian
law and land reform program that “The State shall promote
reform program in the country.
was implemented. comprehensive rural
President Duterte, who is also the
development and agrarian
chairman of the Presidential Agrarian
bbvb reform.”
Reform Council (PARC), has included
land tenure security in his 10-point
socio-economic agenda to improve the
quality of farmers and raise their
productivity.

Lesson 4 – The Philippine Constitutions

Activity Read the preamble of the Philippines. Answer corresponding questions below.

Preamble of the Philippines

“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane
society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good,
conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of
independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and
peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.”
Question 1 1. What is the purpose of the preamble of the Philippines?
Answer: The preamble of the Philippines sets the spirit for national governance. It outlines the
overarching goals. It serves as our guide and inspiration of what we are and what we would become in line
with the laws.

2. What is the message of the preamble of the Philippines?

Answer: it states that Constitution exists to form a more perfect union, establish justice and it
clearly states that we are Sovereign states that must build a good foundation to have just, peaceful and law
abiding people with clean and good governance.

Analysis
1. As an individual, why do you need to have an exact knowledge about the Philippine Constitution?
Answer: because these will protect our rights. It enables us to have justice and live a beautiful and peaceful
life. It will also help us know our limitations and the right thing we should do in order for us to be a good
citizen.

2. What do you think will be the outcome if everyone has that exact knowledge about the
Constitution?
Answer: We would live in peace and harmony with equal rights and justice

Application

Task 1 Fill in each blank with the correct answers.

Constitution__1. It is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other
organization is governed.
Republic of Biak-na-Bato_2. It was the de facto constitutional republic established on November 1, 1897.
Malolos Constitution ____3. It is described as the First Republican Constitution in Asia.
Acts of the United States Congress _4. It was in operation from December 10, 1898 to March 24, 1934, when the
Philippines was still a territory of the United States.
Philippine Organic Act of 1902_5. It was the first organic law enacted by the US Congress for the Philippines.
Jones Law 6. It amended the structure of the Philippine government that was provided for in the Philippine Bill of 1902.
Tydings-Mcduffie Act _________7. It was an act that allowed the Filipino nation to have self-government.
THE 1935 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION _8. It was promulgated by the 1934 Constitutional Convention and was in
operation during the Commonwealth era until the Third Republic.
THE 1943 CONSTITUTION 9. It was promulgated in 1943 by the Preparatory Committee for Philippine Independence
(PCPI) during the Japanese occupation of the country.
The 1937 Constitution 10. It was promulgated by the 1973 Constitutional Convention, after Marcos declared
martial law.

Task 2 Give the salient features of the following constitutions of the Philippines in terms of the powers of the
president, the functions of legislature, the bill of rights, the declaration of principles and state policies, and the
national territory.

1987 CONSTITUTION

PREAMBLE

“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and
establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspiration, promote the common good, conserve and develop
our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule
of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.”

POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT

Article VII, Section 1, of the 1987 Constitution vests executive power on the President of the Philippines. The President is
the Head of State and Head of Government, and functions as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines. As chief executive, the President exercises control over all the executive departments, bureaus, and offices.
 FUNCTIONS OF LEGISLATURE

SECTION 1. The Legislative power shall be vested in a Batasang Pambansa.

SEC. 2. The Batasang Pambansa which shall be composed of not more than 200 Members unless otherwise provided by
law, shall include representatives elected from the different regions of the Philippines, those elected or selected from
various sectors as may be provided by law, and those chosen by the President from the members of the Cabinet.
Regional representatives shall be apportioned among the regions in accordance with the number of their respective
inhabitants and on the basis of a uniform and progressive ratio.

SEC. 3. (l) The Members of the Batasang Pambansa shall have a term of six years which shall begin; unless otherwise
provided by law, at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following their election.

BILL OF RIGHTS

SECTION 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be
denied the equal protection of the laws.

SEC. 2. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation

SEC. 3. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches
and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall not be violated, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest
shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined by the judge, or such other responsible officer as may be
authorized by law, after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce,
and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES

SECTION 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government
authority emanates from them.

SECTION 2. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the generally accepted principles
of international law as part of the law of the land and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom,
cooperation, and amity with all nations.

SECTION 3. Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. The Armed Forces of the Philippines is the
protector of the people and the State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the State and the integrity of the national
territory.

NATIONAL TERRITORY
Section 1. The Philippines comprises all the territory ceded to the United States by the treaty of Paris concluded
between the United States and Spain on the tenth day of December, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, the limits of
which are set forth in Article III of said treaty, together with all the islands embraced in the treaty concluded at
Washington, between the United States and Spain on the seventh day of November, nineteen hundred, and in the treaty
concluded between the United States and Great Britain on the second day of January, nineteen hundred and thirty, and
all territory over which the present Government of the Philippine Islands exercises jurisdiction.

1973 CONSTITUTION
PREAMBLE

“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Divine Providence, in order to establish a Government that shall
embody our ideals, promote the general welfare, conserve and develop the patrimony of our nation, and secure to
ourselves and our posterity the blessings of democracy under a regime of justice, peace, liberty and equality, do ordain
and promulgate this Constitution.”

POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT

SECTION 1. The President shall be the head of state and chief executive of the Republic of the Philippines.

SEC. 2. No person may be elected President unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Philippines. a registered voter, able
to read and write, at least fifty years of age on the day of election for President, and a resident of the Philippines for at
least ten years immediately preceding such election.
SEC. 3. The President shall be elected by direct vote of the people for a term of six years which shall begin at noon on the
thirtieth day of June following the day of the election and shall end at noon of the same date six years thereafter when
the term of his successor shall begin.

FUNCTIONS OF THE LEGISLATURES

SECTION 1. The Legislative power shall be vested in a Batasang Pambansa.

SEC. 2. The Batasang Pambansa which shall be composed of not more than 200 Members unless otherwise provided by
law, shall include representatives elected from the different regions of the Philippines, those elected or selected from
various sectors as may be provided by law, and those chosen by the President from the members of the Cabinet.
Regional representatives shall be apportioned among the regions in accordance with the number of their respective
inhabitants and on the basis of a uniform and progressive ratio.

SEC. 3. (l) The Members of the Batasang Pambansa shall have a term of six years which shall begin; unless otherwise
provided by law, at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following their election.

BILL OF RIGHTS

SECTION 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be
denied the equal protection of the laws.

SEC. 2. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation

SEC. 3. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches
and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall not be violated, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest
shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined by the judge, or such other responsible officer as may be
authorized by law, after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce,
and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES

SECTION 1. The Philippines is a republican state. Sovereignty resides in the people and all governmental authority
emanates from them.

SEC. 2. The defense of the State is a prime duty of the Government and the people, and in the fulfillment of this duty all
citizens may be required by law to render personal military or civil service.

SEC. 3. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the generally accepted principles of
international law as part of the law of the land, and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom,
cooperation, and amity with all nations.

NATIONAL TERRITORY

SECTION 1. The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced
therein, and all the other territories belonging to the Philippines by historic right or legal title, including the territorial
sea, the air space, the subsoil, the sea-bed, the insular shelves, and the other submarine areas over which the
Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction.

1935 CONSTITUTION
PREAMBLE

“The Filipino people, imploring the aid of Divine Providence, in order to establish a government that shall embody their
ideals, conserve and develop the patrimony of the nation, promote the general welfare, and secure to themselves and
their posterity the blessings of independence under a regime of justice, liberty, and democracy, do ordain and
promulgate this Constitution.”

POWERS OF PRESIDENT
SECTION 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the Philippines.
SEC. 2. The President shall hold his office during a term of six years, and together with the Vice-President chosen for the
same term, shall be elected by direct vote of the people. The election returns for President and Vice-President, duly
certified by the board of canvassers of each province, shall be transmitted to the National Assembly. Upon the receipt of
such returns the National Assembly shall forthwith, in public session, count the votes, and proclaim the persons elected
President and Vice-President

FUNCTIONS OF LEGISLATURES
SECTION 1. The Legislative power shall be vested in a National Assembly. The Members of the National Assembly shall
not exceed one hundred and twenty, shall be chosen every three years, and shall be apportioned among the several
provinces as nearly as may be according to the number of their respective inhabitants, but each province shall have at
least one Member. The National Assembly shall by law make an apportionment within three years after the return of
every enumeration.

BILL OF RIGHTS

SECTION 1. (1) No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person
be denied the equal protection of the laws.

(2) Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.

(3) The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and
seizures shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, to be determined by the judge after
examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly
describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES

Section 1. The Philippines is a republican state. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates
from them.

Sec. 2. The defense of the State is a prime duty of government, and in the fulfillment of this duty all citizens may be
required by law to render personal military or civil service.

Sec. 3. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, and adopts the generally accepted principles
of international law as a part of the law of the Nation

NATIONAL TERRITORY

The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all
other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial
domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters
around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part
of the internal waters of the Philippines.

Task 3 Differentiate the main concept of the past and the present Philippine Constitution

ANSWER: all I could say is that previous constitution of Philippines involves with the participation of other
countries while the present constitution now is mostly of Republic of the Philippines only. In short we have our
own constitution now that we follow without foreign engagement.