AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY –

BANGLADESH
COURSE NAME: COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Course Instructor: MD. ALI NOOR

Section: A

Group Number: 02

EXPERIMENT NO: 01

SUBMITTED BY: NAME: ZARIF BIN AKHTAR

ID: 16-31398-1

DATE OF PERFORMANCE: 27.1.19 DATE OF SUBMISSION: 3.2.19

OTHER GROUP MEMBERS:

SL. NO. NAME: ID: SIGNATURE

1 HANIF, MD. 16-31455-1

2 TALUKDER, ABDUR ROUF 16-31217-1

3 ABEDIN, MD. MINHAZUL 16-31483-1

4 SIDDIQUE, TUSHAR 16-31945-1

5 RAHMAN, TOWSIFUR 16-31034-1

6 AMIN, YOUSUF MOHAMMAD 13-24327-2

MARKS:

Title: PC Systems, Motherboard, Peripherals, Expansion slots, Power supply

Abstract:

The main objective of the experiment was getting familiar with PC Systems, Motherboard,
Peripherals, Expansion slots, Power supply and their operations. Along with that getting familiar
with Raspberry Pi microcontroller and its fundamental basic concepts.

Theory and Methodology:

Over the course of time Computers has developed in such a scale that computing has become an
essence towards solving complex and unorthodox problems in a global scale. With the
advancement in Technology it is still unclear where the limitations will resolve around.

At a first glance it is obvious that these machines - the historical clockworks and the more recent
computers - have very simple, clearly separated, unambiguously identified and related elements,
which with the whole mechanism have a well-defined state at every moment of their working,
with all the processes predictable and countable, having the possibility of representation in a very
simple language. Their actual state, processes, aims and applicability are determined from
'outside' - they have no 'inner' freedom.

Below, we will discuss in detail that the ideas of modernity are represented at all levels in these
machines; they can be demonstrated in the constituents of machines, in the functioning of these
constituents, in their relations, in the basic principles of their building, and in human-machine
relations too. In the language of computer engineering the values of modernity can appear in
both hardware and software. (However, it is obvious enough that even the hardware-software
distinction reproduces the Cartesian mind-body problem of the seventeenth century.)

In computer hardware, social relations can be found at least in two forms: on the one hand in the
relations which are determined by the actual social environment of the manufacturing process of
a concrete computer, and on the other hand in those relationships in which the basic principles of
computer building, working and using are formulated.

Of course, the elements of the hardware - the transistors, chips, discs, various cards, monitors -
are realized in socially concrete workplaces. Here 'socially concrete' means the know-how,
discipline, level of cooperation between the agents of the working process, and so on. These
relations determine many aspects of the possible products. (This is expressed in a very clear form
in a joke which circulated in the 1980s in Eastern countries: 'TASS has reported that with a lot of
hard effort the biggest chip in the world has been successfully produced in a Soviet factory!')
From this point of view, in the history of computers many important changes can be seen
[Goldstine, 1972; McCorduck, 1979; Virtual Museum of Computing, n.d.]. Replacement of
mechanical elements with different generations of electronic ones led to many new possibilities
in computer building. Some of these have been realized (e.g., the speed and effectiveness of
manipulations). Moreover, the basic characteristics of these machines and the very nature of their
elements essentially did not change. In other words, the social values (interest, intentions, goals)
built in and represented by the elements and the whole computer are essentially the same
throughout all the computer generations.
 Fig. 1: Modern Computer Components

Raspberry Pi:

The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card-sized single-board computer developed in the UK by the

Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science
in schools. The Raspberry Pi is manufactured through licensed manufacturing deals with
Element 14/Premier Farnell, RS Components and Egoman. All of these companies sell the
Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produce a version that is only able to be distributed in China and
Taiwan and can be distinguished from other Pis as they are Red and do not have the FCC/CE
marks. All of the hardware is the same.

The Raspberry Pi has a Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an
ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor (The firmware includes a number of "Turbo" modes so that
the user can attempt overclocking, up to 1 GHz, without affecting the warranty), VideoCore IV
GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded to 512 MB. It
does not include a built-in hard disk or solid-state drive, but uses an SD card for booting and
long-term storage.

Fig. 2: Raspberry Pi computer module A

Simulation and Measurement:
A microcontroller is a small, low-cost and self-contained computer-on-a-chip that can be used as
an embedded system. A few microcontrollers may utilize four-bit expressions and work at clock
rate frequencies, which usually include: A 8bit or 16bit microprocessor.

To put it simply, A Microcontroller is an IC chip that executes programs for controlling other
devices or machines. It is a micro (small size as it’s an Integrated Circuit chip) device which is
used for control of other devices and machines that’s why it’s called 'Microcontroller'. It is
a Microprocessor having RAM and ROM and I/O ports.

Fig.1: Some Modern Microcontrollers

The Raspberry Pi parts and ports were identified with the supporting operating systems Raspbian
and Kali Linux was installed within the Pi through the 16GB SD card.

Fig. 3: Raspberry Pi Breakdown

 Fig. 4: Raspbian OS after installation

Fig. 5: Kali Linux OS in Raspberry Pi Model B+

References:

[1] M. MORRIS MANO, Computer System Architecture, 3rd edition

[2] Null and Lobur, Jones & Bartlett, Essentials of Computer Organization and Architecture, 1st
edition
[3] website -http://www.element14.com/community/groups/raspberry-pi?ICID=hp-8Gbbundle-
ban