Laptop Repair Tutorial (Chip Level) (2nd Edition) - 1

Machine Translated by Google
Chapter 2 Power Supply of Notebook Computer
The key pin test points are as follows.
(1) 25 -pin VDD, the low-end exciter power supply input comes from the 5V successor of the 3V and 5V power supply unit circuit .
(2) 19 -pin VCC, the internal feedback circuit power supply input comes from 3V, 5V power supply unit circuit 5V successor.
60-,58-,52
Figure 2-93 Toshiba A100 CPU power supply unit circuit (factory diagram)
(3) 31- pin to 37 -pin CPU voltage identification pins.
(4) The 38- pin SHDN control signal comes from the power supply unit circuit responsible for generating 1.05V voltage. When the 1.05V output is normal,
the power supply signal is output.
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Advanced Course in Laptop Repair (Chip Level) ( 2nd Edition)
The control signal circuit of Toshiba A100 CPU is shown in Figure 2-94 .
It can be seen from Figure 2-94 that the control signal of the Toshiba A100 CPU power supply unit circuit is not controlled by the super I/O , but
It is logically controlled according to the power-on sequence, and there will be a CPU control signal only after 1.05V is normal.
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Figure 2-94 Toshiba A100 CPU control signal circuit
2.6.6 Overhaul of CPU power supply unit circuit
1. static detection
(1) When the CPU is not plugged in , measure the ground resistance of the CPU power supply inductance, the resistance to ground is zero, and the CPU power supply
The unit circuit is severely shorted. The cause of the short circuit is the breakdown of the low-end MOS tube.
(2) The resistance value between the G pole, the S pole and the D pole of the high-end and low-end MOS tubes cannot be zero or too small.
(3) Check whether there is a disconnection between the G pole of the high-end and low-end MOS tubes and the power supply chip.
(4) The CPU power supply chip is weakly welded, which is difficult to see with the naked eye, and special attention should be paid to the PLCC package with pins on four sides.
(5) Check whether the front/back of the CPU power supply chip has any components falling off.
2. dynamic detection
The key test points of the CPU power supply chip are as follows.
(1) The high-end exciter circuit power supply input BST 5V.
(2) The power supply input of the low-end exciter circuit is VDD 5V.
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(3) Internal feedback circuit power supply input VCC 5V.
(4) The high level input of the control signal is high level above 2.5V .
(5) The main power supply of the power supply chip.
2.6.7 Common faults of CPU power supply unit circuit
1. No CPU power supply output
Note: Most laptops need to be equipped with a CPU, and the voltage identification pin of the CPU power supply chip will output the corresponding drive
square wave inside the power supply chip to drive the MOS tube to generate voltage.
(1) The working conditions of the CPU power supply chip. VDD, BST, and VCC must have voltage input. No or low voltage will cause the CPU power
supply chip to not work. Special attention: the 4ÿ or 10ÿ series current-limiting resistor in front of the BST pin input is vulnerable, and the 10ÿ series current-limiting
resistor in front of the VCC pin is also vulnerable. The input of the other three pins are from 3V,
Part of the 5V power supply unit circuit comes directly from the 5V inductor, and part of it is converted from the 5V inductor through the MOS tube, which is the so-
called successor. If the MOS tube is damaged, or the G pole control signal is not satisfied, it will As a result, 5V cannot be converted, resulting in the CPU power
supply unit circuit not working.
(2) The CPU power supply chip is weakly soldered. Pay special attention to the PLCC package with pins on four sides , IBM R50, Lenovo Sunrise 150
The CPU power supply chip ADP3205 used in the Internet is easy to solder.
(3) The control signal of the CPU power supply chip. IBM 's CPU power supply control signal is related to the temperature control circuit and PM chip;
Lenovo, HP, Samsung, Qixi and other brands are related to super I/O or converted according to the power-on sequence logic circuit.
(4) When the working conditions of the CPU power supply chip are met, there is no output. Focus on checking the CPU power supply chip itself and the
high and low-end MOS tubes.
2. Power loss caused by CPU power supply unit circuit
(1) Part of the notebook circuit will lose power if it is not installed with a CPU. Pay attention to power protection, and the IBM T4 series has this protection
function.
(2) Due to the power failure caused by the discontinuity of the control signal, the super I/O responsible for outputting the control signal is soldered.
(3) The CPU power supply chip is weakly welded, because most of the CPU power supply unit circuits of notebook computers use two kinds of power
supply.
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Power-off phenomenon.
(4) Heat dissipation causes CPU temperature protection.
2.6.8 Maintenance Cases
1. No CPU power supply failure caused by disconnection of motherboard of Lenovo Y430 notebook computer
The Lenovo Y430 notebook computer sent from other places does not display when it is powered on. According to colleagues, the failure when the customer sent it for repair
was due to the fact that the notebook computer was not powered on due to water ingress. The colleague disassembled the notebook computer, cleaned the moisture on the mainboard
of the notebook computer, and reinstalled it. It can be powered on, but it does not display when it is powered on. Suffering from no maintenance ideas, I don't know where to start, so I
sent for help.
Since the laptop is faulty due to water ingress, first disassemble the laptop, take out the motherboard, and observe carefully. There are indeed slight traces of water ingress
on the motherboard, but there is no corrosion or soldering traces. Since the fault was caused by water ingress, the CPU, memory, and CMOS battery were removed, the adhesive tape
on the motherboard of the laptop was removed, the motherboard of the laptop was fixed to the BGA device, and the temperature of the motherboard was baked to 185°C. After the main
board of the notebook computer cools down, remove the main board, and use a multimeter to test the common points of the key test points on the main board of the notebook computer,
the inductance of the power supply in groups, the inductance of the CPU power supply, and the resistance to ground are normal.
No fault point was found under static conditions, so the adjustable power supply was adjusted to 20V, the current limit was 3A, and the adjustable power supply was connected,
the pointer of the ammeter changed slightly, and the inductance of the 3V and 5V circuits on the motherboard of the notebook computer was measured with a multimeter DC voltage. It
is found that 3.3V and 5V voltages have been output , and the switch on the motherboard of the notebook computer is also 3.3V. Press the switch, the pointer of the ammeter goes up
to about 0.2A and stops. From the current, it can basically be judged that the CPU power supply circuit is not working properly. Use a multimeter to measure the subsequent voltages of
3V and 5V , and find that the output is normal, and the voltage output of 1.8V and 1.5V is also normal. The power supply of the graphics card is normal at 1.15V , and the output at 1.05V
is also normal. There is no power supply voltage output when measuring the CPU power supply sense. Therefore, it can be judged that the power supply circuit of the CPU is not
working properly, causing the power-on to not display.
Power off, remove the CPU, and use a multimeter to statically measure the ground resistance of the CPU power supply inductance. If it is normal, focus on checking the G
pole, D pole, and S pole of the high-end MOS tube and the low-end MOS tube of the CPU power supply circuit. The resistance value between them is normal, and then carefully
check the pins of the CPU power supply chip ISL6262 . There is no soldering or foreign objects . Clean with dishwashing water. Connect the adjustable power supply, press the switch,
the pointer of the ammeter still reaches 0.2A, and measure the CPU inductance with the DC voltage of the multimeter, and there is still no voltage. Find the circuit diagram of the Lenovo
Y430 notebook computer, and check the key test points of the ISL6262 of the CPU power supply chip through the circuit diagram. 20 -pin VIN is the main power supply input, 22 -pin
VDD, 31 -pin PVCC, 26 -pin BOOT2 , 36- pin BOOT1 , 38- pin is 3V power supply input, 44 -pin VR_ON, the opening signal of the CPU power supply circuit. As shown in Figure 2-95 .
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Figure 2-95 Lenovo Y430 CPU power supply chip pin diagram
Connect the adjustable power supply, press the switch, test the key pin voltage of the CPU power supply chip, 20 -pin VIN power
supply input 0V, 22 -pin VDD is 5V normal, 31 -pin PVCC is 5V normal, 38 -pin is 3.3V normal, 44 -pin VR_ON is 3.3V. 20 -pin VIN input is
0V, indicating that the main power supply input of the CPU power supply circuit is abnormal. It can be seen from the circuit diagram that
the 20 -pin VIN main power supply input of the CPU power supply chip is obtained from the common point through the 10ÿ resistor
PR136 . As shown in Figure 2-96 .
Figure 2-96 Lenovo Y430 CPU power supply chip power supply diagram
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Use the multimeter diode block to detect the resistance value of PR136 , which is 10ÿ, which is normal. It is found that the resistor PR136 is infinite to the 20 pin of the CPU
power supply chip ISL6262 power supply chip, indicating that the resistor PR136 is disconnected from the 20 pin of the CPU power supply chip ISL6262 power supply chip . Wire. Find
a special line for the flying wire, and connect the flying wire from the output end of the resistor PR136 to the 20 pin of the ISL626 power supply chip .
After flying the line, use a multimeter diode to block the resistance between the detection resistor PR136 and the 20 pin of the CPU power supply chip ISL6262 power supply
chip , which is 0ÿ, and stick the two ends of the flying line with paper tape to prevent it from falling off. Connect the adjustable power supply, install the CPU and memory, connect the
LCD screen, press the switch, the pointer of the ammeter will go up to about 0.8A , and it will go up three times in a row. The long-lost Lenovo LOGO appears in front of our eyes.
Fault summary: Lenovo Y430 notebook computer has no main power supply for the CPU power supply circuit due to a disconnection on the motherboard, resulting in
The CPU power supply does not output voltage, which causes the failure to be displayed when the power is turned on.
2. Lenovo F41 laptop CPU supply circuit REF filter capacitor causes no CPU power supply failure
The Lenovo F41 notebook computer that was sent for repair by the peer does not display when it is powered on. According to peers, the customer sent it for repair because
of water ingress and no power supply. The colleague disassembled the notebook computer, cleared the moisture on the notebook computer, and could power on, but it did not show
up. The test found that there was no CPU power supply. After replacing the CPU power supply chip and the MOS tube around the CPU power supply, there was still no voltage output.
So send it in for repair.
According to the failure phenomenon described by the peers, it can be determined that the failure is caused by the motherboard of the notebook computer. Disassemble the
notebook computer, take out the motherboard and observe carefully, and found slight traces of water ingress and slight corrosion around the power supply chip OZ813LN , but no burn
marks were found. The CPU power supply chip and the super I/O have traces of soldering. Since it has been soaked in water, we first put the laptop motherboard on the BGA and bake
it for 5 minutes to prevent moisture from entering the board layer and causing misjudgment. After baking, take off the main board, and use the diode block of the multimeter to test the
key test points on the main board of the notebook computer. The common point is 480ÿ, the resistance of the 3V and 5V inductors to the ground is 130ÿ, the resistance of the 1.8V
inductor to the ground is 150ÿ, and the resistance of the 1.5V inductor to the ground is 150ÿ. The resistance of the inductor to ground is 140ÿ, and the resistance of the 1.05V inductor
to ground is 20ÿ, both are normal.
In the static state, the cause of the fault was not found. Adjust the adjustable power supply to 19V, and the current limit is 3A. Use a multimeter to test the DC voltage. The
common point is 19V , and the voltage output of 3V and 5V is also normal. There is also 3.3V on the test switch. Press Turn off the switch, the pointer of the ammeter goes up to about
0.3A , and the voltage output of the 1.8V inductor is normal, and the output of the 1.5V inductor is normal, and there is no voltage output on the 1.05V inductor, and there is no voltage
on the CPU power supply inductor. It can be determined that the 1.05V circuit and the CPU circuit are faulty. According to the power-on sequence of the notebook computer, the 1.05V
voltage must be normal to have the control signal of the CPU power supply circuit. So the 1.05V voltage must be repaired first.
Open the circuit diagram of Lenovo F41 , it can be seen from the circuit diagram that the 1.05V voltage is generated by the OZ813LN power supply chip driving the high-end
MOS transistor PQ22 and the low-end MOS transistor PQ23 . Since the OZ813LN chip generates 1.8V and 1.05V
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Two sets of voltages, now the 1.8V output is normal, so it can be confirmed that the VIN main power supply of the power supply chip is normal, and there is no
damage inside. The key point is to check the external working conditions. It can be seen from the circuit diagram that the 13- pin BST1 is the power supply for the
1.05V high-end exciter circuit, and the 6- pin ON/SPK1 is the control signal of the 1.05V circuit. As shown in Figure 2-97 .
Figure 2-97 Lenovo F41 1.05V power supply circuit diagram
Connect the adjustable power supply, press the switch, and use a multimeter to measure that the 6- pin ON/SPK1 of the power supply chip is 3.3V, and
the 13 -pin BST1 is 0V, which should be 4.7V normally. Therefore, it can be determined that the failure of the high-end exciter power supply circuit of the 1.05V circuit
causes no output of the 1.05V circuit. It can be seen from the circuit diagram that the 13 -pin BST of the power supply chip is generated by the 5V voltage output by
the +5VALWP inductor through PD17 , and PD17 is connected in parallel with the diode PD16 at the input end of the 18- pin of the 1.8V high-end exciter power
supply circuit . Using the diode block detection of the multimeter, it is found that the resistance between PD17 and pin 13 of the power supply chip is infinite, and the
resistance between the positive pole of PD17 and the positive pole of PD16 is 0ÿ. It can be judged that there is a disconnection between PD17 and pin 13 of the
power supply chip . Find a special line for flying wires, from the negative flying wire of PD16 to the 13th pin of the OZ813LN power supply chip .
After flying the line, use the diode block test of the multimeter to confirm that the flying line is good. Connect the adjustable power supply, press the switch
to test, and use a multimeter to test the DC voltage. The 1.05V inductor outputs 1.05V voltage, and then test the CPU power supply circuit and there is still no voltage.
It can be seen from the circuit diagram of Lenovo F41 that the CPU power supply circuit is the CPU power supply voltage generated by driving two sets of 6
MOS tubes driven by the MAX8770 power supply chip . The key test points of the CPU power supply chip MAX8770 , 19 -pin VCC internal circuit power supply, 25
-pin VDD power supply for the low-end exciter power supply circuit powered by the CPU, 30 - pin BST1, 20-pin BST2 supply power for two high-end exciter circuits,
38 The pin SHDN is the control pin of the CPU power supply chip, and the 11th pin REF is
2.5V reference voltage output. As shown in Figure 2-98 .
Connect the adjustable power supply, press the switch, and test with the DC voltage block of the multimeter. The 19- pin VCC and 25 -pin VDD are both
5V is normal, 30- pin BST1 and 20 -pin BST2 are 4.7V normal, 38 -pin SHDN signal is 3.3V normal, 11 -pin REF is 0V. The working conditions of the CPU power
supply chip are all satisfied, but the reference voltage output of pin 11 is 0V, and the driver does not output
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Wave, drive MOS tube to generate voltage. There are two possibilities for the reference voltage output to be 0V , one is that the power supply chip itself is damaged, and the other is
that the output is short-circuited. Use the diode block of the multimeter to test the ground resistance of pin 11 , and it is 0ÿ. Remove the capacitor PC168 next to pin 11 , and then
measure the ground resistance, and it returns to normal. Remove the reference voltage of the CPU power supply circuit from another motherboard. The filter capacitor of the output
pin is installed. Connect the power supply, press the switch, the pointer of the ammeter rises to 0.6A, and the pointer of the ammeter rises and stops there. After power off, install the
CPU radiator, memory, connect the LCD screen, and re-power on the test. The pointer of the ammeter reaches 0.8A. After three consecutive jumps, the familiar Lenovo LOGO
appears. Installation and copying are all normal.
Figure 2-98 Lenovo F41 CPU power supply circuit pin diagram
Fault summary: Lenovo Tianyi F41A notebook computer lacks the high-end exciter power supply circuit and does not generate 1.05V voltage due to the 1.05V circuit caused
by the water entering the mainboard of the notebook computer, causing no control signal for the CPU power supply, and the filter capacitor of the reference voltage output pin of the
CPU power supply chip is damaged Cause CPU power supply chip does not work, resulting in no CPU power supply.
3. ACER 4520 notebook computer high-end MOS tube G pole and S pole breakdown caused power-off failure
Test without dismantling: remove the battery and hard disk of the laptop, test with an adjustable power supply, connect the power supply, and the ammeter will come on
slightly, indicating that the standby is normal. Press the switch, the ammeter will fall back to 0A during the upward upward movement From the preliminary analysis of the fault
phenomenon, there is a fault in the circuit part on the main board, which causes the power-off when the power is turned on.
Disassemble the laptop, remove the motherboard, and carefully observe that ACER 4520 is a machine with integrated graphics card and AMDCPU. There is no trace of
water or burn marks on the motherboard under static conditions. The adhesive tape on the motherboard has been moved, indicating that someone has repaired it before.
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this laptop. Carefully check the super I/O and CPU power supply chips, there are traces of soldering, and the north bridge also has traces of BGA , indicating that
someone has soldered the I/O and CPU power supply chips before.
Use a multimeter to measure the resistance of each key test point of the motherboard to the ground, and they are all normal. The ground resistance values of common point, group power supply
inductance and CPU inductance are all normal.
Maintenance under dynamic conditions: remove the CPU first , and then connect the adjustable power supply to test if the CPU is not installed . Connect
the adjustable power supply, press the switch, the pointer of the ammeter reaches about 0.3A , without power off, measure the inductance of each unit circuit on
the motherboard, except for the inductance of the CPU , other voltages are normal. It is preliminarily judged that the power failure is caused by the CPU power supply.
After power failure, check the CPU power supply circuit. The working principle of the CPU power supply circuit is clearly written in the first edition of this
book. In fact , it is composed of a CPU power supply chip and two sets of high and low-end MOS tubes. In the CPU power supply circuit, due to the low power
supply voltage of the CPU , the current Large, the MOS tube is in the working state for a long time, and the probability of MOS tube damage is the highest. Use a
multimeter to first measure the resistance between G, S and D of the low-end MOS tube , and find that they are all normal, and then measure the resistance
between G and S of the high-end MOS tube , which is 0ÿ, indicating that the fault is here, but specifically Whether the breakdown between the G pole and the S
pole of the high-end MOS tube is caused by the CPU power supply chip needs further confirmation. Remove the two high-end MOS tubes and test that the pads
on the motherboard are not connected, indicating that the high-end MOS tube of the CPU power supply circuit is damaged. The MOS tube on the motherboard of
the notebook computer is replaced with the same circuit. Since the high-end MOS tube of this notebook computer is packaged, which is different from ordinary
ones, I don’t have the same notebook computer motherboard, so I found a notebook computer motherboard with HP V3000 AMDCPU . Because they are both
AMD CPUs, although the MOS tubes used in the CPU power supply circuits on the motherboards of the two laptops are different in package form, the parameters
and performance are similar, so the two high-end MOS tubes were removed and replaced .
After the replacement, test the G pole of the high-end MOS tube again, and the resistance between the S poles returns to normal. Install the CPU, install
the heat sink, install the memory, test the bare board, connect the adjustable power supply, press the power switch, the pointer of the ammeter rises to 0.8A , there
are three consecutive upward jumps, no power failure occurs, use an oscilloscope Looking at the waveform of the memory, there are also three jumps, and then
the installation test, everything is normal.
Fault summary: ACER 4520 notebook computer is powered off due to the breakdown between the G pole and S pole of the high-end MOS tube of the
CPU , which causes circuit protection during power-on. From this case, it can be seen that the cause of the power failure of the notebook computer is not only the
super I/O, but the CPU power supply chip is soldered incorrectly. The key is to master the working principle of the power supply circuit of the laptop, and then use
maintenance tools to detect and judge the cause of the fault in order to solve various faults.
4. Short-circuit fault of CPU power supply circuit caused by water ingress in IBM X60S notebook computer
According to a colleague, the IBM X60S laptop sent by the customer for repair was not powered on due to water ingress. After the colleague disassembled
the laptop and cleaned the motherboard with board washing water, there was a large current when the power was connected to the test. Since I am not familiar
with the circuit of the IBM laptop, I sent it for help.
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Because the colleague said that the laptop had been flooded before, and there was a large current when it was connected to the power supply, it indicated that there was a
short circuit on the motherboard of the laptop, and the laptop had to be disassembled before it could be repaired.
Disassemble the laptop, remove the motherboard of the laptop, carefully observe the motherboard of the laptop, and find that there are indeed slight traces of water ingress,
and the pins of the CPU power supply chip ADP3207 have slight corrosion. After washing with board washing water and using a soldering iron, use the diode of the multimeter to
measure the key test points of the notebook computer motherboard. It is found that the resistance of the common point to the ground is 12ÿ, indicating that the main power supply of
each unit circuit on the notebook computer motherboard is large . Short circuit, no wonder colleagues say that there is a large current when the adjustable power supply is connected.
Since the ground resistance of the common point is 12ÿ, which is just equal to the ground resistance of the CPU power supply inductor, we focus on checking the high-end
MOS tube of the CPU power supply circuit . After removing the high-end MOS tube Q1 , test the breakdown between the D pole and S pole of Q1 , and then measure the ground
resistance of the common point on the notebook computer motherboard to 480ÿ, and it returns to normal, indicating that the short circuit of the notebook computer motherboard common
point It is caused by the breakdown of the D pole and S pole of Q1 of the high-end MOS tube in the CPU power supply circuit. I don't have the X60S laptop material board in hand , so I
remove a high-end MOS tube from the CPU power supply circuit on the motherboard of the T60 laptop computer and replace it. After replacement, reconfirm the resistance to ground of
the common point. It is normal, the resistance to ground of the CPU power supply inductor is also normal, and the resistance to ground of each power supply inductor for group power
supply is normal.
After confirming that the ground resistance of the key test points on the motherboard of the notebook computer is normal, adjust the adjustable power supply to 20V, limit the
current to 2A, connect the adjustable power supply, power on the test, the pointer of the ammeter rises to 0.6A , the notebook computer There is smoke around the CPU on the
motherboard . Quickly turn off the adjustable power supply, and carefully check that there is a bulge on the high-end MOS tube Q1 , which means that Q1 is burnt. The high-end MOS
tube of the CPU power supply circuit that was removed from the T60 laptop motherboard just now has been tested. The values are all normal, so it can be judged that the CPU power
supply circuit itself is still faulty. Use the diode block of the multimeter to test the resistance between the D pole and S pole of the low-end MOS transistor U4 , and find that the resistance
value is normal, but the resistance value of the G pole and S pole is 0ÿ. Remove the low-end MOS transistor U4 and test again. The resistance between the G pole and the S pole is
still 0ÿ, and the resistance between the G pole and the S pole on the pad of the low-end MOS tube is normal. It turned out that the breakdown of the low-end MOS transistor G and S
poles in the CPU power supply circuit caused the burning of the high-end MOS transistor Q1. Remove a high-end MOS tube and a low-end MOS tube from the CPU power supply circuit
on the T60 laptop motherboard and replace them.
After replacement, use the multimeter diode to confirm the ground resistance of the common point again. The resistance of the CPU power supply inductor to ground is
normal, and the resistance values of the G pole, D pole, and S pole of the high-end and low-end MOS tubes are all normal. Install the memory, connect the LCD screen, connect the
adjustable power supply, power on the test, the pointer of the ammeter reaches about 0.6A , jumps up three times in a row, and the IBM LOGO appears on the LCD screen. Installed,
copied, everything is normal.
Fault summary: IBM X60S notebook computer, due to the breakdown of the G pole and S pole of the low-end MOS tube in the CPU power supply circuit due to water ingress ,
the high-end MOS tube of the CPU power supply circuit is burned , causing a short circuit of the common point, which causes no power supply. Electrical failure.
Figure 2-99 shows the CPU power supply circuit diagram of the IBM X60S notebook computer .
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5. IBM T400 Laptop Faulty Motherboard Disconnection Causes CPU No Power Supply Fault
The IBM T400 notebook computer that was sent for repair by the peer , the failure phenomenon is that it does not display when it is powered on. According to the introduction of the colleague, because the
power was not turned on after the water entered, the colleague disassembled the machine and cleaned the moisture on the motherboard of the notebook computer, and then it could be powered on, but the power-on
did not show.
Disassemble the laptop and take out the main board, carefully observe that there are traces of water entering on the main board, and there is no trace of burning on the main board
There are no traces of welding. Under static conditions, use multi-meter diodes to measure the common points of key test points on the motherboard of the notebook computer,
3V, 5V inductance, graphics card power supply inductance, 1.05V power supply inductance, memory power supply inductance, CPU power supply inductance, and ground resistance
are all normal.
No fault point was found by testing the ground resistance of key test points on the motherboard of the notebook computer. Adjust the adjustable power supply to 20V, limit
the current to 2A, connect the adjustable power supply, short-circuit the 19 pins of the keyboard interface, start the test, and find that the current does not move to about 0.3A , and
test the 3.3V, 5V, memory power supply 1.5V, graphics card power supply 1.15V, 1.05V voltage output is normal, only the CPU power supply inductor has no voltage output. It
seems that the cause of the failure that is not displayed after power-on is caused by the fact that the CPU power supply circuit is not working.
Next, call out the circuit diagram of the IBM T400 notebook computer. It can be seen from the circuit diagram that the CPU power supply circuit of the IBM T400 notebook
computer motherboard is composed of the power supply chip ADP3207 and three ADP3419 chips, three sets of high and low-end MOS tubes, and three inductors. made. First use
a multimeter to detect three groups of high-end and low-end MOS tubes to confirm that the MOS tubes are not damaged, and carefully check that there is no abnormality in and
around the chip of the power supply chip ADP3207A . Next, it can be seen from the circuit diagram that
The key test point of ADP3207 , the 31- pin VCC is the main power supply of the CPU power supply chip, and the 1 -pin EN is the control pin of the CPU power supply chip, as
shown in Figure 2-100 .
Power-on test again, ADP3207 pin 1 is 5V normal, ADP3207 pin 1 is 1.7V, normal should be
3.3V, so it can be confirmed that the reason why the CPU power supply circuit has no CPU power supply is that the control signal of pin 1 of the CPU power supply chip ADP3207
is abnormal.
Tracing through the circuit diagram, it is found that the control signal of pin 1 of ADP3207 is connected to resistor R267, D59 and D45 of the three pins at the same time,
as shown in Figure 2-101 .
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Figure 2-101 IBM T400 CPU power supply circuit diagram 2
Among them , the other end of R267 is connected to 3V and then it will be 3.3V after power-on ; pin 1 of D59 is connected to the
temperature control chip U1 behind the CPU socket (when the temperature around the CPU is detected to be too high, it will be pulled down
to 0V for protection), Pin 2 of D59 is connected to pin 89 of the IBM PM chip , and the IBM PM chip will output 3.3V as one of the conditions
for the CPU circuit to work after the IBM PM chip works normally ; one end of the connection of D45 is connected to MAX1540E through the
insurance resistor R980 (this chip is responsible for generating 1.05V voltage) The 26 pins of the MAX1540E (MAX1540E power good signal
pin), that is to say, the 26 pin output power good signal of the MAX1540E is also one of the conditions for the CPU power supply circuit to
work. Find the resistor R267 on the motherboard , the three-pin diodes D59 and D45, power on the test again, the other end of R267 is 3.3V
normal, the 1st and 2nd pins of D59 are both 3.3V, normal, the other end of D45 is only about 1V , It seems that the problem lies here. The
other end of D45 is 1V because the voltage drop across the diode is 0.7V. So pin 1 of ADP3207 is 1.7V. Continue to test the 1.05V inductance
output 1.05V, the 1.05V inductance has already output voltage, and the 26- pin power supply signal of MAX1540E is 1V , through the
circuit diagram, it is found that MAX1540E 26-pin is also connected to 0ÿ resistor R519, that is It is said that this route of R519 may also
cause the output voltage of pin 26 of MAX1540E to be low, as shown in Figure 2-102 .
Figure 2-102 IBM T400 CPU power supply circuit diagram 3
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The next step is very simple. After removing the resistor R519 , power on the test again. When the current reaches 0.8A, the pointer jumps once,
and the power supply output of the CPU is normal. Therefore, it can be determined that the path connected to the R519 resistor causes the power good
signal output by MAX1540E to be low, which causes the control signal of the CPU power supply chip to be low.
Continue to trace through the elimination method, and found that it is related to the U43 chip. From the circuit diagram, it can be seen that U43
generates 0.75V to provide auxiliary voltage for the memory. The working conditions of U43: 6 -pin VCC is the power supply for the chip, and 7 -pin
VTTIN is 1.5V input , 2- pin EN is the control signal, 8- pin is the 0.75V voltage output, as shown in Figure 2-103 .
Figure 2-103 IBM T400 0.75V power supply circuit Figure 4
Power-on test found that pin 8 has no output, VTT_IN of pin 7 is 1.5V, normal, EN of pin 2 is 3.3V, normal, VCC of pin 6 is 0V, it should be 3.3V
normally. After power off, it was found that the input end of the insurance resistor R847 connected to pin 6 was disconnected . From the circuit diagram,
it can be seen that the input end of R847 is VCC3M. VCC3M is a 3.3V voltage directly output by a 3V inductor . I found it on the motherboard. The
nearest place of R847 is pin 1 of Q105 , from the flying line of pin 1 of Q105 to
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Resistor R847.
After flying the line, power on the test, the ammeter pointer jumps three times in a row after reaching 0.8A . After power off, install the CPU cooler, connect the LCD
screen, and start the test again. The long-lost IBM LOGO appeared in front of our eyes. After shutdown, installation, copying and testing are all normal.
Fault summary: The fault of IBM T400 notebook computer is that the 6 pin of U43 has no power supply due to the water inflow and disconnection , which causes the
0.75V voltage to not output, and the 0.75V voltage does not output, which causes the power good signal output by the 26 pin of MAX1540E to be abnormal, resulting in The
ADP3207CPU power supply chip's 1 -pin control signal is low, which causes the CPU power supply circuit to not work normally, so it does not display when it is powered on.
6. ASUS F8T notebook computer CPU filter capacitor causes no display failure after power-on
The colleague sent the ASUS F8T laptop for repair, and the fault phenomenon was that it did not display when the power was turned on, and the current fluctuated back and forth between
1.0 and 1.4A . According to the colleague who sent it for repair, according to their many years of maintenance experience, the CPU of this laptop has been replaced , and now it is confirmed that the
CPU is normal, and the North Bridge and South Bridge have also been replaced, and they are all confirmed to be normal.
This is the first time I have seen this type of machine, and I have never repaired it, and I have no relevant maintenance experience. I can only rely on our understanding
of the working principle of the circuit and signal of the laptop, and use maintenance tools to judge through inspection. Adjust the adjustable power supply to 19V, and limit the
current to 2A. After turning on the power supply, the indicator pointer of the adjustable power supply current does go up to 1-1.4A and swing back and forth, it will not continue
to rise, and there is no power failure. From the pointer response of the ammeter, it can be preliminarily determined that it should be a problem with the power supply circuit of
the notebook motherboard. From the current situation after power-on, it can be judged that it should be a fault in the CPU power supply.
Disassemble the machine, remove the motherboard of the notebook computer, visually check that there are no traces of burn marks and water ingress on the
motherboard of the notebook computer, and use a multimeter diode to measure the resistance to ground of each key test point on the motherboard, all are normal. Focus on
testing the CPU power supply circuit. The CPU power supply circuit on the motherboard of this notebook computer is a two-phase power supply. The AMD CPU is used .
Measure the resistance of the inductance of the CPU power supply to the ground. It is normal and there is no short circuit. Then test the CPU power supply circuit . High-end
and low-end MOS tubes, the detection found that the resistance between the G pole and the S pole of the high-end MOS tube powered by one of them is 5ÿ, remove the MOS
tube to test the resistance between the G pole and the S pole of the pad on the main board , It is normal, then measure the resistance between the S pole and G pole of the
MOS tube itself , it is normal. Is it caused by the poor performance of the MOS tube? I don't have a motherboard exactly like it, and I can't find a MOS tube like it . The principle
of replacing the electronic components on the motherboard of the notebook computer is to replace them with the same circuit. Since this notebook computer uses an AMD
CPU, we'd better find a high-end MOS tube on the motherboard of the notebook computer with an AMD CPU to replace it. , the appearance is not exactly the same, but the
packaging form is different. Find a motherboard of DV3000 notebook computer that also uses AMD CPU , remove two high-end MOS tubes from above, after replacement, turn
on the test, the pointer of the ammeter still swings back and forth. So it is determined that this fault has nothing to do with the high-end MOS tube.
Next, use an oscilloscope to measure the waveform at the output of the CPU power supply inductor to determine whether the CPU power supply filter is good.
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Restart the machine and use an oscilloscope to measure the output end of the CPU inductance. The waveform displayed is not right, it is an obvious ripple, and the normal
one should be a smooth straight line. This means that the CPU power supply circuit has been working, and the output waveform is abnormal. It should be the subsequent
filter capacitor. caused by poor filtering. After replacing the two filter capacitors output by the CPU power supply circuit, restart the machine for testing. The pointer of the
ammeter rises to 1A and jumps up three times continuously, indicating that the fault is resolved. After power off, connect the LCD screen for testing, and the surprising
ASUS LOGO appears. Installation and copying are all normal.
Fault summary: Asustek F8T notebook computer cannot work normally due to the poor filtering of the filter capacitor at the output end of the CPU power supply
circuit , which causes the failure to be displayed after power-on . The CPU does not work due to the poor filtering of the filter capacitor at the output of the CPU power
supply circuit . There is no way to detect it with a multimeter. It is necessary to use an oscilloscope to measure the waveform at the output end to detect the cause of the
fault. Since the colleague who sent it for repair did not have an oscilloscope and only relied on maintenance experience for repairs, the cause of the failure was not
found out.
Through this maintenance case, we will tell you that when we are engaged in notebook computer maintenance, if we only rely on experience for maintenance, it
will make us take many detours. The real chip-level maintenance of notebook computers requires us to master the key test points of the notebook circuit, understand the
working principle of the circuit on the motherboard of the notebook computer, and use maintenance tools to detect and judge the failure of the notebook computer. Once
you really master the working principle of the notebook circuit, you can use the maintenance tools to detect and judge the failure of the notebook computer. After reaching
the level of mastery and mastery, no matter whether you have repaired the notebook computer or not, you can easily solve the failure in your hands.
7. Toshiba TX-66FBL notebook computer CPU power supply filter capacitor filter bad cause power failure
The battery of the notebook computer sent for repair by the peer is normal, but the power supply fails. According to colleagues, the system has been reinstalled,
the CPU, memory, hard disk, CPU fan, etc. have been replaced, except for the motherboard, and the fault is still not resolved. Since the battery was normal when the
customer sent it for repair, the colleagues did not dare to move it, worrying that doing so would expand the fault.
Since the peers have replaced the CPU, memory, hard disk, CPU fan, etc. before, it is certain that there must be a fault on the motherboard of the laptop.
Disassemble the laptop, remove the motherboard of the laptop, and observe carefully that there is no trace of water ingress, no corrosion, and no trace of movement. Use
the diode of the multimeter to measure the resistance value of the key test points on the motherboard of the notebook computer to the ground, and everything is normal.
Adjust the adjustable power supply to 19V, limit the current to 3A, press the switch, and test with the DC voltage of the multimeter. The power supply of each unit
circuit is normal. Since the notebook computer is turned on normally with the battery, and the power is turned off when it is turned on, the power supply inductance of the
CPU is measured with an oscilloscope , and the output has obvious clutter, which should be a smooth straight line normally. Next, after turning on the battery, measure the
CPU power supply inductance with an oscilloscope, and the output is a smooth straight line. Therefore, it can be determined that it is caused by the poor filtering of the filter
capacitor powered by the CPU . When the power adapter is turned on, the notebook computer powers down and restarts.
After the power is off, carefully observe the filter of the CPU power supply of the notebook computer motherboard , which uses a large NEC filter circuit.
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Capacitance (essentially 4 filter capacitors connected in parallel). Since there is no ready-made capacitor replacement, two 330ÿF capacitors are removed from the CPU power supply
circuit of other notebook computer motherboards . Since the solder pad of the filter capacitor is installed on the motherboard of the notebook computer, only two 330ÿF capacitors can only
be pasted behind the CPU socket with adhesive tape, and the flying wire is directly connected, the ground wire is connected to the ground wire, the positive end is connected to the output
end of the inductor, and the flying wire is connected. Finally, use a multimeter diode to test that the resistance to ground of the CPU inductor is normal.
Connect the adjustable power supply, press the switch to turn it on, and use an oscilloscope to measure the waveform of the output end of the CPU power supply inductor again.
Steady straight line. Then install and copy all normal.
Fault summary: Toshiba TX-66 notebook computer due to the filter capacitor of the CPU power supply, the filter is not good and the battery is normal
Often, power failure occurs when the power is connected.
Maintenance points: Toshiba TX-66 laptop mainboard CPU power supply filter capacitor does not need to be replaced because of poor filtering, only need to add two 330ÿF
capacitors. Some Toshiba laptop CPU power supply circuits reserve two 330ÿF CPU power supply filter capacitors, and only need to add two 330ÿF capacitors. For like Toshiba
If the CPU power supply circuit of the TX-66 notebook computer motherboard does not have a reserved position, you can use the flying wire method to fix the capacitor with paper tape,
and it can also be used.
8. The Toshiba M200 laptop does not show up when it is powered on, accompanied by a "squeak" sound
The Toshiba M200 notebook computer that was sent for repair by the peer does not display when it is powered on. According to my peers, my peers took it apart and looked at it myself, but I didn’t find it.
To the cause of the failure, the electronic components on the motherboard of the laptop have not been touched.
Disassemble the laptop, remove the motherboard of the laptop, and carefully observe that there are no traces of liquid, scorching, or corrosion on the motherboard of the laptop,
and there is slight dust. Clean the laptop motherboard with board washing water. Use the diode of the multimeter to measure the key test points on the motherboard of the notebook
computer, 3V, 5V circuit inductance, various inductances for group power supply, and the resistance of the CPU power supply inductance to ground is normal.
No fault point was found under static conditions. Adjust the adjustable power supply to 20V, limit the current to 2A, press the switch, and test with the DC voltage of the multimeter.
The voltage output of 3V and 5V on the motherboard of the laptop is normal, and the power supply of the memory is 2.5V. The 1.25V voltage output is also normal, the North Bridge power
supply 1.2V output is also normal, the VCCP 1.05V voltage output is also normal, the CPU power supply output 0.96V voltage is normal, the ammeter does not move when it reaches
about 0.6A , and there is a "squeak" sound. There are generally two possibilities for the "squeak" sound, one is the inductance deficiency, and the other is the serious filter failure of the
filter capacitor. After careful inspection, it was found that the "squeak" sound came from around the CPU socket. The front side of the CPU socket is the inductor powered by the CPU ,
and the back side is the filter capacitor powered by the CPU . After soldering the power supply inductor of the CPU , the fault remains the same after restarting the test, so it can be judged
that it is caused by the poor filtering of the filter capacitor of the NEC behind the CPU socket. Because this capacitor is troublesome to disassemble and assemble, in order to prevent
"miskilling", I used an oscilloscope to test the output terminal of the inductor powered by the CPU when starting up , and found that the waveform is incorrect. Normally it should be a
smooth straight line, but now there are obvious ripples, so it can be used. The accurate judgment is that the filter capacitor of the CPU power supply is badly filtered.
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The "squeak" sound is also caused by poor filtering, which causes the power supply of the CPU to be unstable and cause the CPU to be abnormal, resulting in no display after
power-on.
Find the cause of the failure, and the next step is simple. After removing the NEC filter capacitor on the back of the CPU socket , clean up the pad. Since I don’t have
the same material board or the same capacitor, I remove the four 330ÿF filter capacitors of the other brand’s CPU power supply circuit, and solder the four filter capacitors in
parallel to the pads of the original NEC filter capacitor. Pay attention when welding, first distinguish the positive and negative electrodes before welding. After welding, it is
normal to measure the resistance to ground with a multimeter. Install the CPU and memory, connect the LCD screen and start the test. After the pointer of the ammeter
reaches 0.8A , it rises three times in a row, and then the familiar Toshiba
The LOGO interface appeared before our eyes.
Fault summary: Toshiba M200 notebook computer, due to the poor filtering of the filter capacitor of the CPU power supply, the CPU power supply is abnormal,
resulting in no display after power-on. Since we usually see most of the failures when the single-use battery is normal and the power supply is powered off, it is caused by poor
filtering of the CPU power supply filter capacitor. We only need to add two 330ÿF capacitors to the front pad to solve the problem. Fault. In this repair case, the power supply
filter capacitor of the CPU is not only poor in filtering, but also makes a "squeak" sound, indicating that the internal damage is serious and needs to be replaced to solve the
fault. We don't have the same capacitor, so we find 4 A 330ÿF capacitor is used instead.
9. Toshiba M200 notebook computer CPU filter capacitor does not match the power-on failure caused by no display
The fault phenomenon of the Toshiba M200 sent from other places is that it does not display when it is powered on. According to peers, the original fault sent by the
customer for repair is that everything is normal when the battery is used, and the power will drop when it is connected to the power supply. According to the common problem
of this machine - the CPU filter capacitor of the NEC behind the CPU socket is caused by poor filtering, so the colleague removed this capacitor, and then removed 4 capacitors
from other motherboards and soldered them on. Fault. Since the customer sent the machine for repair, the battery can be used normally, but now it does not display when the
power is turned on, so he sent for help.
The colleague sent a single motherboard. After careful observation, the colleague did remove the capacitor behind the CPU socket and re-soldered 4 capacitors.
However, the capacitor he used was yellow, and the capacity of the capacitor could not be seen clearly. The I/O was soldered . There are traces of welding, and the BIOS chip
also has traces of soldering. Next, use a multimeter to test the key test points on the motherboard, the main power supply common point, 3V, 5V inductors, the north and south
bridges, memory, graphics card power supply inductors, CPU power supply inductors, and ground resistance are all normal.
Connect the adjustable power supply, test in standby, 3V, 5V inductance 3.3V, 5V are output, the voltage on the test switch is also normal, short the pins of the switch
board interface, after the power is turned on, the current rises to about 0.6A , there is no If there is any reaction, the CPU has a slight heat when you touch the CPU with your
hand. Use a multimeter to test the voltages of the north and south bridges, memory, and graphics card on the motherboard . The original NEC large capacitor on the phone
cannot test whether the performance is good or bad under static conditions, and it cannot be tested with a multimeter when the power is turned on. Next, we use an oscilloscope
to test, the output waveform of the CPU inductor has very obvious clutter, and the normal one should be a smooth straight line, indicating that the performance of the four filter
capacitors replaced by the same industry before is not good, and cannot replace the original on the laptop motherboard. NEC capacitor.
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Then measure the output voltages of other unit circuit inductances are all smooth straight lines.
It was determined that the 4 filter capacitors replaced by the same industry before were poor in filtering, and we did not have the original NEC capacitors to replace them. After
removing all the 4 capacitors replaced by the same industry, we removed the 4 capacitors powered by the CPU from other motherboards. Connect a 330ÿF filter capacitor in parallel, and test
it with a multimeter after soldering. The positive poles of the four filter capacitors are connected to the CPU power supply inductor, and the negative poles are connected to the ground. After
the capacitors are soldered, measure the ground resistance of the CPU power supply inductor. is 6ÿ. Note that since we are not using original capacitors, it is not easy to install the pads on
the main board. We can only place two capacitors in parallel in parallel. It is possible that the capacitors cannot be completely soldered to the pads on the main board. This problem can be
solved by simply connecting the positive pole of the capacitor to the positive pole of the pad on the motherboard and the negative pole to the negative pole on the motherboard with tin.
After welding the filter capacitor of the CPU , connect the adjustable power supply, turn it on again, and then test the output end of the CPU inductance with an oscilloscope. The
screen of the oscilloscope shows a smooth straight line, indicating that the bad problem of the power supply filter of the CPU has been solved. Next, install Install the memory, start the test,
after the ammeter reaches 0.6A , it continues to rise, and there are three jumps. Connected to an external VGA monitor, the familiar Toshiba LOGO interface appeared in front of our eyes,
booted into the PE test with a U disk , everything was normal.
Maintenance summary: This fault is obvious. The peers replaced the NEC discharge capacity behind the Toshiba M200 CPU socket with ordinary filter capacitors . Since the replaced
capacitors are not all 330ÿF capacitors, they also cannot filter well. The NEC row capacity must be replaced by four 330ÿF filter capacitors connected in parallel, and it is best to remove it from
the CPU power supply circuit on other motherboards . At the same time, for the poor filtering of this kind of circuit, there is no way to test it with a multimeter, and it must be measured with an
oscilloscope. Therefore, chip-level maintenance engineers can not only rely on experience, but also rely on common problems of computers. They must also learn to use an oscilloscope. To
detect laptop circuit failure.
10. The Toshiba L510 notebook computer sent from other places does not display a fault when it is powered on
The Toshiba L510 notebook computer sent from other places has a fault that does not display when it is powered on. According to peers, when the customer sent it for repair, there
was a failure that did not display when the power was turned on. The voltage on the motherboard of the notebook computer was normal, but the CPU was not powered. The colleague replaced
the row capacity behind the CPU seat, but there is still no CPU power supply, so I sent it to us.
The colleague sent me a bare board. After careful observation, the displacement capacity behind the CPU socket on the motherboard has been replaced by six 330ÿF capacitors.
The resistance value of the key test points on the laptop motherboard to the ground is normal with a multimeter diode. If the fault point is not found, adjust the adjustable power supply to 19V,
limit the current to 2A, press the switch, the ammeter pointer stops at about 0.3A , and measure the 3.3V, 5V, 1.8V, 0.9V on the main board with the multimeter DC voltage. The 1.5V and
1.05V voltages are normal, and the CPU power supply is
0V. Preliminarily, it can be judged that the fault is not displayed when the CPU power supply circuit has no power supply.
It can be seen from the motherboard that the CPU power supply circuit is composed of the CPU power supply management chip TPS51620 and 4 MOS tubes, plus two inductors .
Find the factory circuit diagram of Toshiba L510 , open the circuit diagram and find the TPS51620. From the circuit diagram, you can see the key pins of the TPS51620 . The 26 -pin V5IN is
the 5V power supply, and the 34 -pin VR_ON is the control signal, as shown in Figure 2-104 .
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After starting the test, it is found that the 26 pin of the CPU power supply chip is 5V , and the 34 pin is 0V, indicating that the CPU power supply chip has
no control signal. Therefore, it can be determined that the reason why the CPU power supply circuit has no output is that the 34 -pin of the CPU power supply chip
TPS51620 has no control signal.
After tracing the circuit diagram, it is found that the 34 -pin VRO_ON is the VCCP_PG output by the 6 -pin output of the power supply
chip TPS51117 responsible for generating VCCP (1.05V) voltage , and the VCORE_EN obtained by converting through the resistor R185 and
the gate circuit U13 , as shown in Figure 2-105 and Figure 2 -106 shown.
Power-on test found that pin 6 of TPS51117 is 0V, pin 2 of U13 is 0V, pin 4 of U13 is 0V, and pin 5 of U13 is 3.3V. Therefore, it can be determined that
the VVCP_PG signal of pin 6 of TPS51117 is abnormal and is 0V, so pin 2 of U13 is 0V, and the output VCORE_EN of pin 4 of the U13 gate circuit (follower) is
also 0V.
I just tested that the VCCP (1.05V) voltage controlled by the TPS51117 power supply chip is normal, and there is no output at pin 6.
The reason for the VCCP_PG signal is that the TPS51117 power supply chip is faulty. But we don't have TPS51117 power chip to replace. Since the VCCP_PG
signal on the motherboard of Toshiba L510 notebook computer only passes through the conversion circuit, it is converted as the CPU control signal VCORE_ON,
and does not go to other circuits, so we only need to change the circuit to make VCORE_ON a 3.3V high level, so that the CPU power supply chip TPS51620
The 34 control signal has a high level of 3.3V , and the CPU power supply circuit can work normally.
Next, remove the gate circuit of U13 with a heat gun, and connect pin 5 and pin 4 of U13 with an enameled wire , that is, connect
The 3.3V voltage of +3VS on pin 5 is directly loaded to pin 4 , so that VCORE_ON is 3.3V high. After flying the line, use a multimeter to
measure the resistance of pin 5 of U13 to ground, and it is normal.
Connect the adjustable power supply and start the test. The pointer of the ammeter rises to 0.6A and jumps three times in a row. Use an oscilloscope to
measure the waveform of the three jumps on the exclusion of the memory. Use a multimeter to measure the 34 pin of the TPS51620 of the CPU power supply
chip as 3.3V. The voltage on the CPU power supply inductor is 1.13V. The counterparts sent only bare boards and no LCD screens. This laptop does not support
an external VGA display, but from the current jump and the waveform of the memory measured by the oscilloscope, it can be confirmed that the laptop has
displayed it.
Fault summary: Toshiba L510 notebook computer is responsible for generating 1.05V power supply chip TPS51117 pin 6 does not output VCCP_PG
signal, resulting in CPU power supply chip TPS51620 pin 34 has no control signal, the CPU power supply circuit has no power supply output, causing no failure
when power on .
Difficulties in maintenance: There is no replacement of the same TPS51117 power supply chip. By changing the circuit, U13 is removed, and the 3.3V
power supply of U13 is directly used as the control signal of the CPU to repair the fault.
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Figure 2-106 Toshiba L510 CPU control signal conversion diagram
2.7 Power-on circuit
The power-on circuit is equivalent to the production control department of a factory. Only when the control department sends a production signal to the corresponding
The corresponding department will work after the department is connected; the 3V and 5V power supply unit circuits on the motherboard of the notebook computer, the
south bridge, the north bridge, the graphics card, the memory power supply unit circuit, and the CPU power supply unit circuit are all controlled by the power-on circuit. If the
production control department is controlled by the manager, then on the laptop motherboard, the manager is the Southbridge.
The power-on circuit is composed of a switch, a chip related to power-on and a south bridge. Simply put, it is to press the switch to generate a low level (pulse) to
trigger the boot chip, and then the boot chip notifies the South Bridge, which is responsible for processing and authorizing the boot chip, and the boot chip outputs corresponding
control signals in turn to turn on each power supply unit The circuit outputs the corresponding power supply.
The sequence in which the power-on circuit turns on each power supply unit circuit to output the corresponding power supply is also called the power-on sequence.
Simply put, the high voltage is turned on first, and then the low voltage is turned on. Turn on sequence, first turn on 3V, 5V, turn on 2.5V, 1.8V, 1.5V,
1.25V, 1.2V, 1.05V, and finally turn on the power supply of the CPU . The interval in this process is very short, measured in milliseconds. It can also be divided into three
sections, the first section: 3V, 5V, the second section: 2.5V, 1.8V, 1.5V, 1.25V, 1.2V, 1.05V, the third section : CPU power supply. There are some differences in the circuit
design of different brands of notebook computers in the second stage, but the first and third stages are completely the same, and must be the control of the 3V, 5V power
supply unit circuit and the North-South bridge, graphics card, memory power supply After the signal is output, the start signal of the CPU power supply unit circuit will be output.
Every time a control signal is output, corresponding detection and monitoring will be carried out. Once a problem is found in the monitoring process, the output of the next
control signal will be stopped.
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2.7.1 The startup circuit of IBM T4
Figure 2-107 shows the schematic diagram of the startup circuit of the IBM T4 .
This start-up circuit diagram is applicable to:
IBM T40ÿT40PÿT41ÿT41PÿT42ÿT42PÿT43ÿT43PÿT60ÿT60Pÿ
IBM X31ÿX32ÿX40ÿX41ÿX60ÿ
IBM R50ÿIBM R50EÿIBM R51ÿIBM R51EÿIBM R52ÿIBR60ÿ
Some of the models have some differences in pins from this diagram.
40 39
19
keyboard interface
D22
D21 3V
R240
2 1 3VSW R163 3V,
3V5V5V unit
unit circuit
circuit
R308
mainoff
VCROE_ON 32 20
23 99
89
U28 S5 U23
ULTRA_ON 72
114
58
PM chip H8 chip
ULTRA_OK S3
71 113
42 70 63 20
U30 A0N1 B0N

R890 A0N2 115 19
74
MAX1845
MAX1845
R867 R507 S3 S1 PW
R709 R978
R51 S4
59
R241
U61
8 U5
U51
12
TB62501 15 MAX1845
MAX1845
south bridge
60
U29
MAX1845
MAX1845
Figure 2-107 IBM T4 boot diagram
IBM 's boot circuit is composed of three management chips, H8, IBM PM and TB62501 , and the south bridge.
1. How IBM's power-on circuit works
(1) Plug in the power supply, TB62501 starts to work after the power supply is normal (power supply, RC oscillation, reset itself), the VCC3SW
(3.3V) voltage generated by pin 59 provides a 3.3V high level to the PM chip through the resistor R240 , and at the same time Through R163, D22
reaches the 19th pin of the keyboard interface ; when the 3V, 5V unit circuit works normally, it will output 3.3V, 5V to the
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The chip that needs standby voltage is powered, 3.3V provides a high level to the 20th pin of H8 through the R308 resistor , and reaches the 19th pin of the keyboard interface
through D21 , and finally makes the 19th pin of the keyboard interface a high level of 3.3V . At this time, the whole machine is in standby state.
(2) Press the switch to trigger, the 32 pin of the PM chip will receive a power-on signal, the 20 pin of the H8 chip will also receive a power-on signal, and then output the
power-on signal to the south bridge at the 19 pin, and the south bridge will receive it The signal sends S1 signal to pin 115 of H8 chip , and the other sends S3 and S4 to pin 20
and pin 74 of PM chip . After the PM chip receives it, it sends out S3 and S5 signals at pin 71 and pin 72 , respectively , to pin 113 and pin 114 of the H8 chip . After receiving the
S3 and S5 signals, H8 sends MAINOFF to the PM 's 23 pin at the 99th pin, so that the PM chip turns on various voltages.
(3) The PM chip first outputs the ULTRA_ON signal at pin 58 to turn on the optical drive voltage. After the optical drive voltage is normal, the 61 pin will receive the
ULTRA_OK power good signal; then send the AON1 signal at the 42nd pin through the resistor R890 , and then through the resistor R978 to the TB62501 . 9 feet, let it work. At
the same time, the R709 resistor reaches U30 MAX1845 to turn on the 2.5V voltage; then sends the AON2 signal from the 63 pin of the PM chip to pass through the resistor
R507, and is divided into two paths, one path reaches U51 through R241 and MAX1845 turns on 1.5V, and the other path reaches the TB62501 ’s No. 62 pins; following the 70
pins of the PM chip , the BON signal is sent to U30 MAX1845 to turn on 1.25V through the resistor R867 , and at the same time to U29 MAX1845 to turn on 1.05V , and finally to
the 8 pins, 12 pins, 15 pins, and 60 pins of TB62501 .
(4) After all voltages are powered on and OK , finally output VCCROEON from pin 89 of the PM chip to the CPU
The power supply unit circuit turns on the CPU voltage.
2. Common malfunctions
(1) There is no voltage on the switch or the voltage (voltage) is low.
ÿ Statically test whether the ground resistance of pin 19 of the keyboard interface is normal. The 19 pins of the keyboard interface are connected to the docking station, if
A short circuit inside the dock can also cause a short circuit.
ÿ There is no voltage on the switch: measure whether there is voltage output on pin 59 of TB62501 , and the 3V power supply unit circuit of 3V and 5V
Whether there is voltage on the sense, only when these two voltages are normal, the voltage on the switch will be normal.
ÿ If TB62501 pin 59 has a voltage output, but there is no voltage on the 3V inductance of the 3V, 5V power supply unit circuit ,
At this time, the voltage on the 19 -pin switch of the keyboard interface is only 2.9V. This is the case when the battery is not connected to the power supply.
(2) Pressing the switch without any response is also called not triggering.
ÿ The switches of the IBM laptop are all connected to the keyboard interface, check whether it is connected properly or directly connect the 19 pins on the keyboard
interface to the ground.
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ÿ Check whether there is a low-level trigger on pin 20 of the H8 chip , and check whether there is a jump signal output on pin 19 of the H8 chip. If pin 20 has
a low-level trigger and pin 19 has no jump signal output, it means that the H8 chip is damaged or has a false soldering. Check the H8 chip.
ÿ Detect whether there is a level jump on pin 115 of the H8 chip, pin 20 and pin 74 of the PM chip , if not, it is
The south bridge is damaged or poorly welded. If the crystal oscillator of the south bridge does not vibrate at the same time, it is determined that the south bridge is damaged and replaced.
(3) Before the switch is pressed, the switch voltage is normal. After the switch is pressed, the 3V and 5V power supply unit circuit 3V inductance has no voltage, and the
voltage on the switch is gone. After unplugging and reconnecting the power supply, the 3V inductance voltage of the 3V and 5V power supply unit circuits is normal, and the voltage on
the switch is also normal, and the phenomenon remains the same when the power switch is pressed.
ÿ 3V, 5V power supply unit circuit 3V, 5V successively have short circuit, causing power supply protection.
ÿ IBMPM, TB62501, and H8, the three management chips related to power-on, have joint soldering.
(4) Power-off after power-on: After pressing the power switch, the power indicator light flashes once and then goes out, and there is no response when you
press it again. With adjustable power monitoring, it can be found that after pressing the power switch, the pointer of the ammeter goes up and then falls back.
ÿ There is a micro-short circuit in the successor of the 3V and 5V power supply unit circuits.
ÿ The north and south bridges, graphics card, memory power supply unit circuit and CPU power supply unit circuit are faulty.
ÿ The pins of TB62501 are soldered together. Focus on checking whether pins 52 and 53 of TB62501 are connected .
Whether it is connected with 24 or 22 . The main reason is that pin 52 is a logic circuit that converts the main control signal of pin 23 of MAX1631 . When pin 52 is
connected with pin 53 , it will cause power protection and cause MAX1631 to have no main control signal. Pin 23 is responsible for the 3V and 5V power supply unit
circuits. The G pole output of the MOS tube is converted after 3V . When the output is normal, it will be fed back to TB62501 for monitoring. When the pins are
connected, TB62501 will be protected. Some pins are connected to the pads, which cannot be seen with the naked eye.
2.7.2 Lenovo notebook computer boot circuit
The schematic diagram of the power-on circuit of Lenovo laptop is shown in Figure 2-108 .
Note: This diagram is applicable to Lenovo, HP, Dell, Toshiba, Samsung, Acer, Founder, Hedy, Shenzhou and other brands of laptops with super I/O
integrated boot chip. The name of the super I/O boot chip is different, and the pin definition is also different, but the working principle is the same.
The boot chip used in HP DV1000 notebook computer is PC97551.
The boot chip used in Lenovo Rising Sun 125 notebook computer is PC97551.
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Figure 2-108 Schematic diagram of the startup circuit of Lenovo laptop
The boot chip used in the Samsung X11 laptop is H8/S2111. The Samsung brand boot chip is still useful
HD64F2169 .
The boot chip used by Toshiba A10 notebook computer is KB910QF.
The boot chip used in Dell D600 notebook computer is LPC47N254.
The boot chip used in Shenzhou T280D notebook computer is ITE8510.
1. work process
(1) Connect the power supply, after the standby circuit works normally, the standby voltage 3.3V supplies power for the super I/O of the boot chip , and at the same
time provides a high level for the switch.
(2) When the power switch is pressed, the switch is grounded instantly to generate a low level, which is input from pin 2 to the boot chip, and the power is turned on.
The computer chip outputs a request power-on signal to the south bridge at the 4th pin.
(3) When the south bridge receives the request signal from the boot chip, it will output S3 and S4 signals to the boot chip, so that the boot
chip will output 5V S_ON first, and let the 3V and 5V power supply unit circuits output 3V and 5V normally, and when the subsequent 3V output
Then return to the boot chip PC97551 .
(4) The boot chip outputs MAI_ON to turn on the power supply for the North-South bridge, graphics card, and memory power supply unit circuit. When the
north-south bridge, graphics card, and memory power supply unit circuit output are normal, a power good signal HWPG will be generated and fed back to the boot chip.
(5) After the boot chip receives the 3V subsequent feedback signal and the power good signal HWPG , it will output VR_ON
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Turn on the circuit of the CPU power supply unit, and the output voltage supplies power to the CPU .
(6) After the boot chip outputs CPU power supply, it will also output PWR_OK to the South Bridge, telling the South Bridge that the power supply system has been turned on.
2. Common faults and repair methods
(1) Pressing the switch does not trigger, there is no response
ÿ The switch is damaged.
Since the user has to press the switch every time the computer is turned on, it is easily damaged after a long time. The switch is good or bad can be directly
Judge by connecting the pin connected to the boot chip to the ground. Replace switch.
ÿ The switch cable is broken.
SONYS16C, 26C, and 36C notebook computers all use the switch board to connect with the boot chip on the computer motherboard through the cable.
Connected, Lenovo, HP also have such a situation. Replace the cable.
ÿ The interface of the switch board is weakly welded.
The switch boards of Dell D500 and D600 laptops are directly plugged into the switch board interface on the motherboard, and the switch board is connected to the
Insufficient welding in the mouth makes it impossible to trigger. Add solder switch board interface.
ÿ The super I/O of the boot chip is soldered.
The super I/O soldering of the power-on chip is bad (Note: the chip bulge is damaged), and it is hot when it is in standby, which also means damage. Replace the boot chip and
super I/O.
ÿ The south bridge is damaged.
The crystal oscillator of the south bridge does not vibrate, most of which are damaged by the south bridge. Replace the South Bridge.
(2) Power off after power on
ÿ The 3V and 5V power supply unit circuits are short-circuited successively. Eliminate short circuit.
ÿ The circuit of the CPU power supply unit is faulty, check and repair the circuit of the CPU power supply unit.
ÿ The super I/O of the boot chip is weakly welded, and the super I/O of the boot chip is soldered .
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1. Lenovo Rising Sun C510M notebook computer south bridge RTCVCC short circuit causes no power failure
Maintenance without dismantling: unplug the external hard disk and battery, connect the adjustable power supply, the pointer of the ammeter rises slightly, indicating that there is
standby, and there is no response when pressing the switch, and it is preliminarily judged that the power-on circuit is faulty.
Disassemble the laptop, take out the main board, visually inspect the traces of slight water ingress on the main board next to the south bridge, and measure the key
test points on the main board with a multimeter . The resistance of V inductor to ground is 122ÿ, the resistance of 1.5V inductor to ground is 118ÿ, the resistance of 1.05V
inductor to ground is 6ÿ, and the resistance of CPU inductor to ground is 5ÿ. It can be confirmed that there is a slight short circuit in the 1.05V circuit.
Adjust the adjustable power supply to 20V, limit the current to 3A, connect the adjustable power supply to test, the main power supply is normal at 19V , the voltage
output of 3.3V and 5V is also normal, and the voltage on the switch is also normal. When the switch is pressed, the pointer of the ammeter does not respond. Therefore, it can
be further determined that it is a fault in the power-on circuit. Use an oscilloscope to measure that the 32.768kHz crystal oscillator of the EC starts to vibrate normally, but the
32.768kHz crystal oscillator of the South Bridge does not vibrate, so it can be judged that the fault that does not trigger is caused by the South Bridge. Next, check why the
crystal oscillator of the South Bridge does not vibrate. The power supply of the CMOS battery is measured to be 0V. After the CMOS battery is replaced, the measured
RTCVCC is still 0V. After power off, use the diode of the multimeter to measure the resistance value of RTCVCC to ground, which is 0ÿ. Since the RTCVCC supplies power
to the South Bridge, it is judged to be caused by an internal failure of the South Bridge, as shown in Figure 109 .
I8
Figure 2-109 Lenovo C510M south bridge RTCVCC power supply circuit
Since there are traces of water ingress beside the South Bridge during disassembly, it may be caused by water entering the South Bridge, so put the South Bridge in
the BGA equipment to bake and heat it to about 225°C (remember to Remove the CMOS battery, otherwise it will be damaged after heating).
After baking and cooling, remove the motherboard and measure the resistance of RTCVCC to ground, and it returns to normal. Install the CMOS battery and test
the power supply again, it is normal. Connect the power supply to test the crystal oscillator of the south bridge, and the familiar sine wave is normal. Turn off the power, and
then measure the resistance of the 1.05V inductor to ground, and it also reaches 11ÿ. Next, install the CPU, memory, switch bar, connect the adjustable power supply, press
the switch, the pointer of the ammeter rises, it can be powered on, the current reaches about 1A , shake it up a few times, and the long-lost
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Lenovo LOGO out. Then install and copy all normal.
Fault summary: The Lenovo C510M notebook computer sent from other places did not power on due to water entering the south bridge on the mainboard of the
notebook computer. The difficulty of maintenance is to judge the circuit failure inside the south bridge by testing the resistance value of RTCVVC to ground.
2. Lenovo Tianyi F41 notebook computer KB926QF is damaged and causes no power failure
According to the customer, it was caused by water ingress. Due to the busy work, it was a week before the water ingress when it was sent for maintenance. Since the
fault is caused by water ingress, it cannot be connected to the power supply for testing, otherwise the fault will be enlarged. The laptop needs to be disassembled and the
motherboard removed to repair it.
While dismantling and observing, it was found that there were signs of water ingress under the keyboard, and there was mildew, and the motherboard was also dirty. Take out
the motherboard of the notebook computer and observe carefully. There are traces of water ingress on the motherboard, and there is no corrosion. Clean the motherboard of the notebook
computer with board washing water first, and then put the motherboard on the BGA for baking.
After baking, wait for the temperature of the notebook computer motherboard to cool down to normal temperature, then remove the motherboard, and then use a
multimeter to test the resistance to ground of the key test points on the notebook computer motherboard, common points, 3V, 5V inductors, and group power supply circuits .
The road inductance, CPU inductance, and the north bridge, south bridge positive and negative capacitors have normal resistance to ground.
Since the resistance to ground is normal, then adjust the adjustable power supply to 19V, limit the current to 3A, connect the adjustable power supply, and the pointer
of the ammeter moves slightly. Use a multimeter to test the output voltage of the common point, which is 19V, which is normal. The output voltage of the 3.3V and 5V inductors
is normal, and the voltage on the switch is 3.3V . There is no response when pressing the switch ammeter pointer. It is basically confirmed that the laptop is powered on. circuit
failure. It is found that the 32.768kHz crystal oscillator on the EC KB926QF does not vibrate by measuring with an oscilloscope, and the 32.768kHz crystal oscillator of the
South Bridge is normal, so it can be determined that the reason for not powering on is that the EC KB926QF crystal oscillator does not vibrate. Next, carefully inspect the EC
KB926QF and find that the pins around KB926QF are obviously black. Use a soldering iron to add tin to repair the solder, clean it with board washing water, connect an
adjustable power supply, and use an oscilloscope to test that the crystal oscillator still does not vibrate. It is judged that the EC KB926QF is damaged, find a piece of F41
material, dismantle the same EC and replace it, after welding, connect the adjustable power supply, test the crystal oscillator with an oscilloscope, the waveform of the crystal
oscillator is normal. Therefore, it can be determined that the crystal oscillator does not vibrate due to damage to the EC KB926QF .
Install the CPU and memory, connect the LCD screen, start the test, and the ammeter starts to rise. After three consecutive jumps, there is no display on the LCD
screen. Using an oscilloscope to test the waveform of the data line on the exclusion of the memory, there are also three jumps and a sawtooth wave appears. As long as this
waveform appears, it means that the machine starts to self-test the extended memory, that is to say, the self-test of the graphics card has passed, so it can be confirmed that
the graphics card itself has no problem . . Since the graphics card of Lenovo Tianyi F41A is an independent graphics card board, put the graphics card board on the BGA and
solder it. The temperature curve sets the lower temperature as 185°C, the upper temperature as 165°C, 185°C, 195°C, and 225°C for 45 seconds to stop heating . . wait
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After the graphics card board has cooled to normal temperature, remove it and install it back on the motherboard of the notebook computer. Connect the adjustable power supply, press the
switch, and the long-awaited Lenovo interface comes out. Installation and copying are all normal.
Fault summary: Lenovo Tianyi F41A notebook computer was damaged by EC KB926QF due to water ingress , resulting in failure to power on; due to weak soldering of the graphics
card board, it did not display after power on. The difficulty of maintenance is to judge that the ECKB926QF is damaged through the crystal oscillator of the ECKB926QF not vibrating .
3. IBM T42 Laptop South Bridge Damage Causes No Trigger Failure
Test without dismantling the machine: unplug the battery and hard disk, adjust the adjustable power supply to 16V, limit the current to 3A, connect the adjustable power supply to test,
The pointer of the ammeter moves slightly, but the switch does not trigger. It is preliminarily judged that the power-on circuit of the notebook computer motherboard is faulty.
Disassemble the laptop, remove the main board, visually check that there is no trace of liquid or burn marks on the main board, MAX1631 has traces of soldering, use a multi-meter
diode to detect, the key test points on the main board of the notebook, the resistance of the common point to the ground The value is 480ÿ, normal, the resistance of the 3V inductor to the ground
is 27ÿ, the resistance of the 5V inductor to the ground is 120ÿ , the resistance of the 1.2V inductor to the ground is 70ÿ, the resistance of the 1.05V inductor to the ground is 40ÿ, and the resistance
of the 1.8V inductor to the ground The resistance value of the 1.5V inductor to the ground is 60ÿ, the resistance value of the 2.5V and 1.25V inductors to the ground is about 100ÿ, and the
resistance value of the CPU inductor to the ground is 12ÿ. It can be seen from the ground resistance that there is a fault in the 3V circuit.
The resistance of the 3V inductor to ground is 27ÿ and it needs to be repaired first. There are two possibilities for the micro-short circuit of the 3V inductor, one is that the circuit itself is
short-circuited, and the other is that there is a chipset micro-short circuit in the subsequent output circuit. Remove the precision sampling resistor at the output end of the 3V inductance, and then
test that the subsequent output is short-circuited. When the 3.3V is in standby, it supplies power to the south bridge, network card, PC card BUS, and H8 chip on the main board. Those who have
several years of maintenance experience may know that the resistance of the 3V inductor to ground is 27ÿ, which is generally caused by the short circuit of the south bridge. Since the south
bridge chip is packaged in BGA , if it cannot be judged accurately, time and materials will be wasted. Next, use the electric shock method to adjust the adjustable power supply voltage to 3V, limit
the current to 3A, ground the ground wire, and connect the positive pole to the output terminal of the precision sampling resistor. When you touch the South Bridge with your hands, it is
obviously hot, so you can accurately judge that it is the South Bridge. The bridge is damaged.
Next, put the laptop motherboard on the BGA device, run the set temperature curve, unplug the south bridge, remove the residual tin on the pad of the south bridge, measure the output
resistance of the 3V precision sampling resistor with a multimeter, and find that It is restored to 100ÿ, which means that our previous judgment is correct, and we can determine that the micro-
short circuit of the 3V inductor is caused by the damage of the south bridge. Next, find a good 82801DBM south bridge chip, and let the students solder the south bridge with BGA equipment by
themselves . After cooling down, remove the main board and test it with a multimeter. The resistance of the key test points on the main board to ground is normal. Connect the adjustable power
supply to test, the common point is 16V , and the inductor voltage is 3V, 5V . Then test the 19 pin of the keyboard interface and the switch on the keyboard, the voltage is also 3.3V. Short
circuit pin 19 of the keyboard interface , the ammeter pointer of the adjustable power supply does not respond, indicating that it is not triggered. What is the reason? The south bridge is brand
new, is it because the bridge is not done well? When the power supply is connected to the standby mode, use an oscilloscope to test that the 32.768kHZ crystal oscillator next to the South Bridge
does not vibrate. The S3 signal sent from the South Bridge to the 20 pin of the PM chip is about 1V , which should be 3.3V normally, so it can be
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To determine the failure of the south bridge. Pull out the south bridge chipset, let the students re-plant the balls, and solder them back to the laptop motherboard.
After cooling down, reconnect the adjustable power supply, and test the 32.768kHZ crystal oscillator next to the south bridge in standby mode. The sine wave is normal, and
then measure the S3 signal on pin 20 on the PM chip, which is 3.3V . After shorting pin 19 of the keyboard interface, the ammeter pointer It starts to rise, indicating that it is ready to
be powered on. After power off, install the CPU and memory, connect the LCD screen, and test again. The long-awaited IBM LOGO interface appears in front of our eyes. Then install
and copy all normal.
Fault summary: IBM T42 notebook computer is not powered on due to a micro-short circuit of the 3V inductance. The resistance of the 3V inductance to ground is 27ÿ. After
testing, it is finally determined that the south bridge is damaged and the failure to power on is caused. The difficulty of maintenance is that the south bridge was not done well for the
first time, which caused no power supply. By testing the crystal oscillator of the south bridge and the S3 signal sent by the south bridge, it was judged that the south bridge had failed.
4. Repair case of non-triggering failure caused by disconnection of mainboard of IBM T61 notebook computer
According to the introduction of the colleague, the customer was not powered on because of water ingress and sent for repair. The colleague disassembled the machine to
clean the moisture on the laptop, and also baked it. The test machine found that it was not powered on. The laptop motherboard was tested for 3V , The 5V circuit works normally ,
the 3.3V and 5V inductors have output voltage, press the switch, there is no response. Because I don't understand the working principle of the power-on circuit of the IBM laptop, I
sent it for repair.
Since the peers said that the motherboard of the notebook computer has been flooded, the standby voltage of 3.3V and 5V has been normal, so it can
be determined that it is a fault on the motherboard of the notebook computer. Disassemble the laptop, take out the motherboard and observe carefully. There is
indeed a slight water ingress on the motherboard, but there is no corrosion or soldering traces. Use the diode block of the multimeter to test the common point of
key test points on the motherboard of the notebook computer, 3V, 5V inductance, 1.8V inductance, 1.5V inductance, 1.15V inductance, 1.05V inductance, and
the resistance of the CPU power supply inductance to ground.
No fault points were found under static conditions, and it was confirmed that there were no short circuits at the key test points on the motherboard of the notebook computer.
Adjust the adjustable power supply to 20V, limit the current of the ammeter pointer to 2A, connect the adjustable power supply to test, the common point voltage is normal, it is
19.5V, the voltage output on the 3V and 5V inductors is normal, measure the 19 pin of the keyboard interface (- PWRSWITCH) voltage is 2.9V, and it should be 3.3V under normal
circumstances , indicating that the boot circuit on the motherboard of the notebook computer is faulty.
Open the circuit diagram, pin 19 (-PWRSWITCH) of the keyboard interface is directly connected to two diodes D21 and D22 . D21
The anode of the diode is connected to 20kÿ resistor R308, the other end of R308 is connected to VCC3M (3.3V) output from 3V inductor, the positive electrode of D22 is
connected to 47kÿ resistor R163, R163 is connected to 47kÿ resistor R240, and one end of R240 is connected to pin 61 from U61 Generated by VCC3SW (3.3V). As shown in Figure
2-110 .
Therefore, it can be seen that the voltage VCC3M on the switch is 3.3V output by the 3.3V inductor and the VCC3SW (3.3V) voltage generated by pin 61 of U61 passes
through the diodes D21 and D22 to obtain 3.3V. Now the voltage is 2.9V, obviously,
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Indicates that one of the roads has failed.
Figure 2-110 IBM T61 boot circuit partial diagram
Connect the adjustable power supply and measure with the diode block of the multimeter. The 2 pin of D21 is 3.3V, the 1 pin is 2.9V, the 2 pin of D22 is 0V,
and the 1 pin of D22 is 2.9V. It is obvious that the positive pole of pin 2 of D21 has 3.3V voltage input, but the positive pole of pin 2 of D22 has no voltage input of
3.3V . After power off, run the circuit with the diode of the multimeter and find that the resistance between the R240 resistor and the 61 pin of U61 is infinite, so it
can be judged that the wire between the R240 resistor and the 61 pin of U61 is broken. It can be seen from the circuit diagram that resistor R309 is also connected
to pin 61 of U61 . Use a multimeter to detect the resistance between resistor R309 and U61 , and it is 0ÿ, indicating that there is no disconnection between R309
and pin 61 of U61 . When there is a disconnection in the maintenance process, try to fly the wire from the nearest place, so it is not necessary to fly the wire from
the 61 pin of U61 to the resistor R240, but directly fly the wire from the resistor R309 to the resistor R240 .
After flying the line, use the diode block of the multimeter again to confirm that the resistance between pin 61 of U61 and resistor R240 is 0ÿ. Connect
the adjustable power supply to test, use the DC voltage of the multimeter to test the 19 pin of the keyboard interface, the voltage is 3.3V, it is normal. Next, install
the CPU, memory, connect the LCD screen, short-circuit the 19 pins of the keyboard interface, and the ammeter pointer of the adjustable power supply starts to
play. After three jumps, the familiar IBM LOGO appears. Installed, copied, everything is normal.
5. The diode of the IBM T61 notebook computer falls off, which causes automatic startup and cannot be turned off with the keyboard
According to the colleague, when the customer sent it for repair, the screen was blurred. The colleague disassembled the laptop and soldered the graphics card with BGA . After installing the
computer, the phenomenon of automatic power-on appeared when it was connected to the power supply. Everything in the system was normal, but there was no response when pressing the switch on
the keyboard. You can turn off the computer normally by turning off the computer in the menu, but after the soft shutdown, the computer cannot be turned on again. You need to unplug the power
supply and battery, and the CMOS battery can be discharged to turn on the computer. Because the colleagues in the same industry successfully added the graphics card, the power supply can be
displayed normally for the first time, and the system can be used normally, so the customer is not reconciled, but suffers from the fact that he does not understand the working principle of the power-on
circuit of the IBM laptop, and dare not mess with it, so he sent it for help. .
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According to the fault phenomenon told by the peers, it can be preliminarily judged that the boot circuit of the notebook computer is faulty. Disassemble the notebook computer,
take out the mainboard of the notebook computer and observe carefully, there is no trace of water ingress on the mainboard of the notebook computer, and there is no corrosion
phenomenon, the glue around the graphics card has been removed, and there is a little flux, and there are no other chipsets and power supply chips Weld traces that have been
moved. Use a multi-meter diode to measure the ground resistance of key test points on the motherboard of the notebook computer, and they are all normal, so it can be confirmed that
the repair process told by the peers is true.
The cause of the fault was not found under static conditions. Adjust the adjustable power supply to 20V, limit the current to 3A, connect the adjustable power supply, and the
laptop does not automatically power on. Because I don’t want to pull out the CMOS battery first, but to find out the cause of the failure without power on at this time, use the DC voltage
of the multimeter to test the voltage of the common point, it is normal, it is 19.8V, and the voltage output by the 3V and 5V inductors is normal. Measure the voltage of pin 19 of the
keyboard interface (connected with the switch key on the keyboard), which is 2.9V, and it should be 3.3V when connected to the adjustable power supply, so it is further judged that
the power-on circuit is faulty. Remove the CMOS battery, connect the adjustable power supply, the pointer of the ammeter rises to about 0.4A and power off, because the CPU is
removed .
Open the circuit diagram and find that the switch is directly connected to the two diodes D21 and D22 . The anode of the diode of D21 is connected to the 20kÿ resistor R308,
the other end of R308 is connected to the VCC3M (3.3V) output from the 3V inductor, the anode of D22 is connected to the 47 kÿ resistor R163, R163 is connected to the 47 kÿ
resistor R240, and one end of the R240 resistor is connected to the VCC3SW (3.3V) generated by pin 61 of U61 . Therefore, it can be seen that the voltage on the switch is 3.3V
outputted by the 3.3V inductor and the 3.3V voltage generated by the 61 pin of U61 through the diodes D21 and D22 to obtain 3.3V. Now the voltage is 2.9V, obviously, it means that
one of them has failed.
Under static conditions, use the diode block of the multimeter to test whether there is a disconnection between D21 and resistor R308 , and between D22 and R163 . During
the detection process, it is found that D22 has fallen off, and only the pad is missing. There is no T61 material board, find a T60 material board, remove D22 from the position of the
corresponding power-on circuit and replace it. Since both D22 and D21 are located on the back of the motherboard of the notebook computer, there is a layer of insulating tape, so it
can be inferred that D22 fell off due to excessive force when the counterparts took off the insulating tape.
The reason why the keyboard cannot be turned off due to the fall of D22 is as follows: The working principle of the IBM notebook computer boot circuit is that the keyboard
interface is connected to the 19 pins, which are connected to two circuits, one is to the H8 , and the other is to the PM chip. When the switch is pressed, the power-on trigger It requests
the South Bridge to turn on through H8 , and the forced shutdown is realized by triggering the PM chip to make the PM chip get a low level, and the PM chip turns off the control signal
of the 3V and 5V unit circuits.
Install the CPU and memory, plug in the LCD screen and keyboard, and connect the adjustable power supply. The pointer of the ammeter starts to rise until it reaches about
1A . It rises three times in a row. The IBM LOGO appears on the LCD screen . Press the switch on the keyboard, and the pointer of the ammeter returns to When it reaches 0A, it
means that the keyboard is turned off normally. Press the switch again, and the pointer of the ammeter starts to rise again. After three jumps, the display is also normal. Then install
and copy all normal.
Fault summary: IBM T61 notebook computer, because the colleague accidentally put the D22 diode in the process of maintenance and disassembly
Knocked down, resulting in the use of the keyboard can not be turned off.
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This case tells everyone that in the process of maintenance, when there is an inexplicable failure, don’t worry. Many friends like to change the EC or the
south bridge at every turn. These operations may expand the failure of the laptop. The cause of the failure should be analyzed first, the point of failure should be
confirmed, and then repaired. In many cases, new faults may be caused by accidentally causing components to fall off or welded during disassembly or welding.
6. ASUS F80S laptop switch voltage is too low causing failure to trigger
The failure phenomenon of ASUS F80S notebook computer sent for repair by peers is that it does not power on. According to the colleague, the customer
does not turn on the power when sending it for repair, and the colleague disassembles the laptop, and it can be used normally after reinstalling. The customer sent
the laptop back the next day, and the fault was that the power was not turned on. The colleague replaced the EC in the process of maintenance, but still did not turn
on the power, because the colleague had already charged the customer for maintenance. Refund, so sent for help.
After disassembling the notebook computer and removing the motherboard, carefully observe the traces of liquid entering the motherboard of the notebook
computer, no corrosion traces, and no burn marks. EC ITE8752 has traces of soldering . Use a multimeter diode to measure the ground resistance of the key test
points on the mainboard of the notebook computer. The common point, 3V, 5V inductors, group power supply inductors, CPU power supply inductors, and the ground
resistance of the USB port data line are also normal. .
No problem was found in the static state, then adjust the adjustable power supply to 19V, limit the current to 2A, connect the adjustable power supply, the
standby current is 0.04A, measure the voltage on the switch SW3901 with a multimeter , it is 0.96V, the voltage of the switch Normally it should be
3.3V, 0.96V indicates that it is not normal, so it can be determined that the reason why ASUS F80S laptop does not power up is the low voltage on
the switch.
Find the circuit diagram corresponding to the F80S notebook computer, open the circuit diagram, it can be seen from the circuit diagram
that the voltage on the switch SW3901 is obtained by +3VEAC voltage through the 100kÿ resistor R3902 , and then through the 30ÿ resistor to get
3.3V voltage. The other end of the 100 kÿ resistor R3902 is connected to the ITE8752 pin 141 of the EC , which is the PWR_SW# signal, which
is the trigger signal to the EC when the switch is pressed , as shown in Figure 2-11 .
Connect the adjustable power supply to test, the input terminal of the resistor R3902 is 3.3V, and the output terminal is 0.96V. Obviously, the low voltage of
the switch is related to EC and capacitor C3901 . Remove the capacitor C3901 first, and then test the switch voltage, which is still 0.96V. Next, unplug the EC
ITE8752 with a heat gun , and clean the pad with a soldering iron. After cleaning, connect the adjustable power supply to test the voltage of the switch, and return to
1V, still not normal. We have ruled out the capacitor connected to this circuit and the Super ITE8752 , but the result is still abnormal. There is only one possibility,
that is, there is a micro-short circuit between the switch and the EC ITE8752 . Next, use a scalpel to cut off the connection to the EC ITE8752 , connect the adjustable
power supply to test the voltage on the switch, it is 3.3V, normal, so it can be determined that the cause of the low voltage of the switch is the board between the
switch and the EC ITE8752 layer micro-short circuit.
After finding the cause of the failure, it is easy to deal with it. Lift up the 141st pin of EC ITE8752 , and use a soldering iron to connect the rest
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After soldering the pins of the resistor R3902 , fly the lead directly to the 141th pin of EC ITE8752 . After flying the lead, use the multimeter diode block to confirm that
there is no problem with the flying lead, and then fix the flying lead with paper tape. Connect the adjustable power supply, and then test the voltage on the switch, it is
3.3V, normal. Press the switch, and the pointer of the ammeter starts to rise, indicating that the notebook computer has been powered on. After the power is turned off,
install the CPU, memory, connect the LCD screen, and start the test. The long-awaited ASUS LOGO appeared before our eyes. After shutdown, installation and
copying are all normal.
Figure 2-111 ASUS F80S laptop power supply circuit diagram
Fault summary: ASUS F80S notebook computer had liquid ingress before, which caused a micro-short circuit between the switch and the EC ITE8752 ,
resulting in a low switch voltage and causing a failure to power on.
7. HP CQ42 I5 notebook computer sent from other places fails to power on
The HP CQ42 I5 notebook computer sent from other places did not power on. According to peers, the customer's original machine
After soaking in water, cleaning the water after disassembly, and after drying, there is still no power failure, so I sent for help.
Since I am also repairing this laptop for the first time, so I don't have any maintenance experience at all, so I will check and repair it step by step according to
our maintenance process. Disassemble the laptop, take out the main board, carefully observe the main board, and find that there are slight traces of water ingress.
First clean the place where the water enters the main board with board washing water, put the main board on the upper and lower parts of the BGA at 180°C, and
bake for 5 minutes to prevent circuit protection caused by moisture on the main board.
After drying, take off the motherboard, and use a multimeter to measure the resistance of the key test points on the motherboard to the ground. The common
point is 486ÿ, normal, the inductance of 3V and 5V is 180ÿ, normal, the graphics card is 18ÿ, normal, and the memory power supply 1.5V inductance is 150ÿ , 1.05V is
normal for 28ÿ. The key test on the main board is normal to ground resistance, then adjust the adjustable power supply to 19V, connect the adjustable power supply
(note that HP ’s dual-core or above machines need to use HP ’s special connector), and move the adjustable power supply slightly , I feel that the standby is normal,
use a multimeter to measure the voltage on the 3V and 5V inductors, and find that 3.3V and 5V are normal, and then measure the voltage of the 4th pin of the switch
board interface connected to the switch is also 3.3V, use the multimeter diode red pen connector, black The test lead is connected to the 4th pin of the switch board ,
and the ammeter pointer does not respond. After power off, carefully check that the pins of KB926QF are slightly corroded, and use a soldering iron to connect the pins of EC
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After re-welding, make sure that there is no continuous welding, then connect the adjustable power supply, remove the switch board from the C shell, install the switch
board, press the switch, the pointer of the ammeter still does not move, or does not trigger.
Find the circuit diagram of HP CQ42 , open the circuit diagram to find the circuit of EC KB926QF , as shown in Figure 2-112 .
Figure 2-112 HP CQ42 EC boot-related pin diagram
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The EC used by HP CQ42 is KB3926QF. Use an oscilloscope to measure the normal standard sine wave of the 32.768kHz crystal oscillator. The
power supply of the EC is normal, and the 95 -pin RSMRST# is also normal. When the switch is pressed , there is a jump on the 19th pin of the EC , and
the 6th pin SUSB# and the 16th pin SUSC# of the EC are high, indicating that the S3 and S4 signals returned by the South Bridge are normal, and then the
99th pin MAION of the EC is measured The signal is also 3.3V at the moment the switch is pressed , and the EC sends out a MAION signal, indicating that
the EC is working normally.
If it cannot be powered on, and the current does not go up, it may be that there is a problem with the 3V and 5V follow-up circuits. Through the circuit
diagram, find PQ42 5V successor output MOS tube, 3V successor output MOS tube PQ20, measure the 3V and 5V successor voltage as 0V at the moment
of starting up, it can be seen from the circuit diagram that the G poles of PQ42 and PQ20 are biased by +15V and +10V through resistance Branch, and
+15V and +10V are both obtained by boosting the output voltage of the 5V inductor, as shown in Figure 2-113 and Figure 2-114 .
The following conditions must be met for PQ42 and PQ20 to be turned on normally: when the switch is pressed, EC outputs a 3.3V MAION signal to
turn on PQ37 , and pull down the voltage of VIN divided by two resistors to 0V, so that PQ32 and The G pole of PQ19 is 0V, so +15V and +10V are directly
loaded to the G poles of PQ42 and PQ20 , so that 5VPCU gets +5V through PQ42 , and 3VPCU gets +3V through PQ20 .
Figure 2-113 HP CQ42 +10VALW and +15VALW generation diagram
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Connect the adjustable power supply, test the input terminal voltage of resistor PR172 , it is about 14V , normal, the input terminal of PR110 is about 9V , also normal, measure
the voltage of pin 3 of PQ37 , it is about 9V , and then test PQ37 when the switch is pressed The G pole is 3.3V, and the 3 pin of PQ37 is still about 9V . It seems that the problem has been
found. PQ37 is an N- channel MOS tube. Add a 3.3V voltage to the G pole , and it should be turned on under normal circumstances. , Pull down the pin 3 voltage of PQ37 . Therefore, it
can be determined that PQ37 is damaged. I don’t have the material board of HP CQ42 in hand , so I removed a three-legged N- channel MOS tube from the motherboard of Lenovo C461
and replaced it, reconnected the adjustable power supply for testing, pressed the switch, and the pointer of the ammeter went up, indicating that there was a trigger up. Turn off the power
and install the CPU and memory, and press the switch again to test. It is still power off after the ammeter finger rises. Strange, what causes the power off? At the moment when the switch
is pressed, it is tested that the 3V and 5V subsequent voltage outputs are normal. When the power was off, I pressed the power switch again, and a miracle happened, the pointer of the
ammeter no longer lost power, but went up three times continuously. Turn it off with the switch, and then turn it on again, it is normal and no longer loses power. From the pointer of the
ammeter, it can be seen that the machine has been displayed. Power off, connect the LCD screen, and restart the test. It is still the first time the power is turned off.
Next, let the students start to install the machine. After installing the machine, connect the adjustable power supply for testing, press the switch, and the needle of the ammeter
does not rise again. What is the reason? After thinking about it carefully, the keyboard was also flooded when it was delivered. It may be that the keyboard is short-circuit protected. Take
off the keyboard and restart it. The first time it still loses power. The second time it is turned on, the display is normal. After entering the system, everything is normal. Shut down and install
the battery again. Turn it on, no more power failure, and it will be normal once it is turned on.
Fault summary: The reason why the HP CQ42 notebook is not powered on is mainly due to the damage of PQ37 . There is no subsequent control signal for 3V and 5V, which
causes 3V and 5V to fail to output, so it is not powered on. It seems that the power failure at the first boot is a normal phenomenon. When the battery is installed, after booting, shutting
down, and booting again, such failures will not occur. The difficulty of the fault is that the failure to power on is not damage to the EC or the south bridge, but damage to the MOS tubes of
the 3V and 5V subsequent control circuits .
2.8 Charge and discharge management circuit
Due to the strong mobility of notebook computers, it is often necessary to work in an environment without power supply in business offices, so batteries must be used. The
charging management circuit of notebook computers must be able to use batteries as notebook computers when there is no power supply. The motherboard is powered by the whole
machine. When the power supply is connected, the battery will be charged when the battery power is low.
2.8.1 Composition of charge and discharge management circuit
1. Power detection circuit
Mainly detect whether the notebook power supply is connected to the power adapter, if the notebook power adapter is not detected, charging and discharging
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The management circuit will not work.
2. battery detection circuit
It is mainly responsible for detecting whether the battery of the laptop is connected, whether the battery is normal, and whether the battery or battery information cannot be detected
There is an error and it won't charge the battery.
3. DC-DC circuit
It is mainly responsible for converting the voltage of 16V or 19V into a voltage of about 12V to charge the battery.
4. Control circuit
It is mainly responsible for providing control signals for the charge and discharge management circuit to make the charge and discharge management chip work.
2.8.2 Charge and discharge management circuit of IBM notebook computer
The following takes IBM T40 as an example to illustrate the charging and discharging management circuit of IBM notebook computer.
The power detection circuit of IBM T40 is shown in Figure 2-115 .
Figure 2-115 IBM T40 power detection circuit
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After the 16V power supply is connected, through D9, the regulated voltage value is 12V, and a voltage of about 4V will pass through the diode and be
loaded on the control pole of Q73 , so that Q73 will be turned on and grounded, and the D pole of Q73 will change from 3V to Low level; this point is connected
to the second pin of TB62501 , and at the same time connected to the D pole of Q53 , and the D pole of Q53 will also become low level. The MAX1631 pin 21
outputs VL5 5V voltage and loads it to the G pole of Q53 through a 10kÿ resistor , so that Q53 is also turned on, so that a low level (-EXTPWR) is output at the
S pole of Q53 , loaded to the 73 pin of the IBM PM chip , and loaded to the second pin of TB62501 at the same time , so that both IBM PM and TB62501 can
detect Access to power.
(1) Battery information detection circuit
The battery information detection circuit of IBM T40 is shown in Figure 2-116 .
Figure 2-116 IBM T40 battery information detection circuit (factory diagram)
The schematic diagram of the battery interface is shown in Figure 2-117 . The pins of the battery interface are defined as follows.
1 pin, power supply;
Pin 2 and pin 3 are the clock and data lines of the system management bus, which are converted by the gate circuit U46 and sent to the H8 chip;
4 pins, the temperature detection of the battery is directly sent to the H8 chip;
5 feet, ground.
Tip: If the H8 chip is soldered incorrectly, the battery may not be recognized.
(2) Detection of battery power
The detection circuit of battery power is shown in Figure 2-118 .
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Figure 2-117 Schematic diagram of the battery interface
Figure 2-118 Battery power detection circuit (factory diagram)
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The detection process is described below.
When the battery is turned on, the H8 chip outputs a high-level MO_EN on pin 2 , which turns on the NPN (high-level conduction) transistor Q29 , thereby
pulling down the 3- pin of D48 to a low level of about 0V , and D48 Pin 2 becomes a low level load of about 0.7V to the control pole of the PNP (low level conduction)
transistor Q19 , so that Q19 is turned on. The voltage of about 12V of the M-BAT-PWR battery will pass through Q19, pass through the Zener diode D53, the
voltage regulation value of D53 is 5.1V, after passing through the diode, the voltage is about 6.9V , and pass through the 5.62kÿ resistor R444 and the 2kÿ resistor
R447 series divides the voltage to get a voltage M_BATVOLT of about 1.7V , which is fed back to pin 68 of the H8 chip . If the feedback voltage is below 0.8V , the
H8 chip will think that the battery power is insufficient and shut down.
If the detection circuit is disconnected or a certain component is poorly welded, it may occur that the battery is turned on and the power is turned off when
the battery is fully charged.
3. DC-DC circuit
The DC-DC circuit of IBM T40 is composed of charge management chip ADP3806 and dual MOS tube Q4 , as shown in Figure 2-119 .
1608
222PAD
Figure 2-119 DC-DC circuit diagram of IBM T40 (factory diagram)
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The pin definitions of the ADP3806 in Figure 2-119 are shown in Table 2-2 .
Table 2-2 Pin definition of ADP3806
pin name effect Remark

1 VCC Main power supply for ADP3806 key pin
2 SYSÿ Negative voltage input of the power adapter
3 SYS+ The positive voltage input of the power adapter
4 ISYS Charging OK output signal
5 GLUE Current Threshold Adjustment
6 CT External Timing Capacitor
7 SYNC synchronous control
8 REG Linear voltage output
9 REF Reference voltage 2.5V
10 ÿSD Control signal of charging management chip key test points
11 COMP external capacitor
12 BOC empty leg
13 AGND grounding
14 ONE Feedback voltage input
15 BATSEL Battery voltage detection input
16 IEST Charge current regulation input
17 CSÿ Charging voltage detection input
18 CS+ Charge current detection input
19 PGND grounding
20 DRVL Low side driver square wave output
21 BSTREG Linear voltage supply output
22 BST High-end exciter circuit power supply input
23 drvh High side driver square wave output
24 SW External inductor feedback control input
The working process of ADP3806 is as follows.
(1) After the power adapter is connected, the voltage of 16V is input from the power port, after insurance, it is output through the MOS tube Q34 ,
Convert to CV16, detect voltage through resistors R210, R221, R223 , input to pin 2 and pin 3 of ADP3806 ,
After the internal processing of ADP3806 , the ISYS signal is output to the south bridge, and 16V is converted into VINT16 after passing through Q36 .
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The ADP3806 is powered by the 10ÿ R363 insurance resistor . After the ADP3806 is powered, the internal circuit will be connected in parallel through the three resistors R210, R221, and R223
to detect the current of the whole machine.
(2) If the battery is connected to electricity, the battery will also process the battery information through the H8 chip through the battery detection circuit.
After processing, inform the Southbridge battery information.
(3) When SD is at a high level above 2.5V , the internal circuit of ADP3806 starts to work, and outputs a driving square wave from pin 20 and pin 23 to turn on the MOS tube to
generate a charging voltage. The voltage passes through the detection resistors R227, R228, and R231 , R244 feeds back to ADP3806, ADP3806 internally compares the voltage and current
conditions, and automatically adjusts the output of the drive square wave to output stable charging voltage and current. After the output voltage is filtered by the inductor, it charges the battery.
4. Charge and discharge control circuit
The charging and discharging control circuit is shown in Figure 2-120 .
It can be seen from Figure 2-120 that the control signals are related to IBM PM, South Bridge, and TB62501 . The control signal is generated by the H8 chip to detect the electrical
information, and the power supply detection circuit detects the power access information-EXTPWR signal to the PM chip, H8 chip, and TB62501 chip. After the south bridge receives relevant
battery information and power supply information, the PM chip outputs a control signal, and a high level above 2.5V is loaded to pin 10 of the ADP3806 . To get a high level on pin 10 of the
ADP3806 , TB62501, South Bridge, and logic conversion on pin 21 of the PM chip are required to be high.
IBM
Figure 2-120 Charge and discharge control circuit (factory diagram)
(1) The power supply switches continuously, accompanied by a prompt sound.
The cause of the failure: Zener diode D9, poor performance. The solution is to replace.
(2) After the power adapter is removed, the charging indicator is always on.
Cause of failure: Q32 or Q73 breakdown. Keep -EXTPWR low all the time, the power management system will
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Mistakenly thought it was always connected to the power adapter.
(3) The 10ÿ current limiting resistor R363 is damaged, causing no charging.
(4) The ADP3806 is damaged and causes no charging (the charging voltage is not output when the power supply and control signals are normal).
(5) The double MOS tube Q4 is damaged, which will cause charging voltage but cannot be charged, mainly due to the damage of the MOS tube
The current is very small and cannot be charged.
2.8.3 Charge and discharge management circuit of Dell laptop
This section takes Dell D600 as an example to introduce the charging and discharging management circuit of Dell laptop.
The power detection circuit is shown in Figure 2-121 .
BLM11B102S
Figure 2-121 Power detection circuit (factory diagram)
The power detection of the Dell laptop is performed by a chip in the power adapter, which detects the power by exchanging information between the chip and
the super I/O . The pin of the power supply identification is maintained by the fast recovery diode D108 , and the voltage of about 2.7V is connected to the super I/O
through the inductor L77.
Note: The interface of the power adapter used by Dell notebooks is completely different from that of ordinary power supplies. Be careful when changing or
wiring. Do not connect the power detection line to the main power supply. Once connected to the main power supply, the L77 will be burned at the moment of power
on . , Super I/O, causing no power.
2. Battery information detection circuit
The battery information detection circuit is shown in Figure 2-122 .
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Figure 2-122 Battery information detection circuit
The pins are defined as follows.
1 pin, 2 pin: power supply;
Pin 3 : system management bus clock;
4 pins: system management bus data;
Pin 5 : battery temperature detection;
Pin 7 : Battery voltage and power detection;
6 feet, 8 feet, 9 feet are grounded.
Tips: The battery information of the Dell D600 laptop is directly exchanged with the super I/O by the exclusion of the battery interface.
3. DC-DC circuit
(1) The charge and discharge management chip of the Dell D600 notebook computer uses MAX1645 (as shown in Figure 2-123 )
(2) Pin definition of MAX1645 (as shown in Table 2-3 )
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Figure 2-123 Dell D600 laptop DC-DC circuit (factory diagram)
Table 2-3 Pin definition of MAX1645

1 DCIN Main power supply for MAX1645 key test points
2 LDO Linear 5V voltage output key test points
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Continuation

3 CLS Current limit input
4 REF 2.5V reference voltage output
5 CCS Supply Current Regulation
6 CCI Current Loop Compensation
7 CCV Charging Voltage Comparison
8 GND grounding
9 BATT Battery voltage detection
10 DAC DAC output
11 VDD System Management Bus Power Input key test points
12 THM Charging control signal key test points
13 SCL System Management Bus Clock
14 SDA System Management Bus Data
15 INT disconnect signal
16 PDL switch output
17 DO Charge current feedback input
18 PINCH Discharge current feedback input
19 PGND grounding
20 WATER Low drive square wave output
21 DLOV Low-end exciter circuit power supply
22 LX External inductor feedback control input
23 DHI High side drive square wave output
24 BST High-end exciter circuit power supply key test points
25 CSSN Supply Current Feedback Input
26 CSSP Supply Current Feedback Input
27 PDS switch output
28 CVS Power supply voltage detection input
(3) Working process
Connect the power adapter, the voltage of 16V all the way through the diode D103 as the main power supply of MAX1645 ,
MAX1645 internal linear voltage regulator works, output LDO 5V linear voltage at pin 2 ;
The power supply input of the discharge circuit; three routes pass through the diode D104 as a high-end exciter circuit to supply power to the 24 pins of the chip; four routes pass through
The 100kÿ resistor outputs ACAVIN AC power input signal, and the chip is in standby state; the last path passes through R1081
The resistor to the 28th pin of the MAX1645 is used as a power supply voltage detection input.
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When the battery is connected and the I/O detects the battery, it will send a high level. After conversion by D106 and Q211 , a low level will be generated for pin 12 of the
MAX1645 . After receiving the I/O signal, the MAX1645 will pass The 28- pin (power supply voltage detection input) of the chip is compared with the 9- pin (battery voltage
detection input) to decide whether to charge or discharge. When the voltage of pin 28 is greater than the voltage of pin 9 (the comparison circuit inside the chip will compare the
voltage of 16V with the fully charged voltage of the battery), it means that the battery is not fully charged, and it will be charged; when the voltage of pin 28 is lower than the
voltage of pin 9 , it means unplug the power supply, the battery will discharge; when the voltage ratio of pin 9 is equal to the voltage ratio of pin 28 , it means fully charged.
4. Control circuit
The control circuit is shown in Figure 2-124 .
Figure 2-124 Control circuit (factory diagram)
When the battery information is transmitted to the super I/O , the super I/O detects the battery and the battery is normal, it will send a high level, after the logic conversion
of D106 and Q211 , the 12 pin of MAX1645 will receive a low level ; When the super I/O does not detect the battery or the battery has an error, the I/O will not output a high level,
so that the 12 pin of the MAX1645 will be a high level of about 4V .
(1) The information of the power adapter cannot be detected, causing no charging
ÿ The power adapter is damaged or a non-original power supply.
ÿ The insurance inductor L77 is damaged.
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ÿ D108 double diode is damaged.
ÿ The super I/O is damaged.
(2) The battery is not detected and causes no charging
ÿ The battery is damaged.
ÿ Super I/O is damaged.
(3) DC-DC conversion circuit causes no charging
ÿ There is no 5V linear voltage output on pin 2 of MAX1645 . The chip is damaged and needs to be replaced.
ÿ Breakdown of the high and low side MOS tubes causes no charging.
2.8.4 Charge and discharge management circuit of HP notebook computer
This section takes HP DV1000 as an example to introduce the charge and discharge management circuit of HP notebook computer. The charge and discharge
management chip used is MAX1772.
The power detection circuit is shown in Figure 2-125 .
After connecting to the power supply, the power supply of HP DV1000 is 18.5V, and the voltage of about 18V is passed through the diode PD26 . One way supplies
power to the MAX1772 chip, and the other way passes through the resistors PR141 and PR27 in series to obtain a voltage of about 2.7V , which is used as a power supply for
the 11 pin of the chip. detection. After the chip works normally, it will output a linear voltage of 5.4V on the 2nd pin, and the 12th pin of the chip will output the ACOK level, so
that the PNP transistor will be turned on, so that the 5.4V output from the 2nd pin will output the ACOK signal through PQ51 .
The battery detection circuit is shown in Figure 2-126 .
The pins are defined as follows.
1 pin: power supply;
Pin 2 : The data of the system management bus is directly sent back to the super I/O PC97551;
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1 DCIN
PR141
75K
MAX1772
PR27 11
13.5K
12 ACOK
2
PR24
1772 5.4V
CIN
Figure 2-125 Power detection circuit (factory diagram)
Figure 2-126 Battery detection circuit (factory diagram)
Pin 3 : The clock of the system management bus is directly sent back to the super I/O PC97551;
Pin 5 : The temperature detection of the battery is directly sent back to the super I/O PC97551;
6 feet: grounding;
4 feet, 7 feet, 8 feet: empty feet.
The detection of the battery voltage is about 1.8V obtained by dividing the voltage in series with the 100kÿ resistor PR31 and the 14kÿ resistor PR34
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The voltage is sent back to the super I/O as a battery level detection.
3. DC-DC conversion circuit
The DC-DC conversion circuit is shown in Figure 2-127 .
Figure 2-127 DC-DC conversion circuit (factory diagram)
The key test point pins are defined as follows.
(1) The chip's main power supply pin 1 DCIN;
(2) 5V linear voltage output 2 -pin LDO;
(3) Low-end exciter circuit power supply input 22 -pin DLOV;
(4) High-end exciter circuit power supply input 25 -pin BST;
(5) AC power detection input pin 11 ACAVIN ;
(6) The AC power supply is connected to the normal 12 -pin ACOK;
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(7) High-end driver square wave output 24 -pin DHI;
(8) Control signal 28 -pin INP.
The working process is as follows.
After the chip receives the main power supply, the internal linear circuit works to output a linear voltage of 5.4V at pin 2. After the chip detects that the power adapter is
connected normally, it outputs a low level at pin 12 of the chip , and outputs ACOK signal through the conversion circuit. The last P- communication MOS tube of the control
protection isolation circuit is turned on, so that the voltage of 18.5V can be transmitted to the common point, and supplies power to each unit circuit, and also provides voltage to the
MOS tube of the charge and discharge management circuit.
After the super I/O PC97551 detects the battery information and finds that the battery power is insufficient, it outputs a control signal to the MAX1772
Chip 14 -pin ICTL, the internal circuit of MAX1772 works, the output drives the square wave, makes the high-end and low-end MOS tube work, and outputs the charging voltage.
4. Control circuit
The control circuit is directly controlled by the super I/O chip.
(1) The charge and discharge management chip MAX1772 is damaged, causing no power supply.
The MAX1772 is damaged, there is no 5V linear voltage output on pin 2 , and the ACOK signal cannot be converted to a low level.
The MOS transistor of the last NPN that controls the protective isolation circuit is turned on, resulting in no voltage at the common point.
(2) The super I/O PC97551 is not charged or the battery is not recognized due to weak soldering or poor soldering.
(3) The double MOS tube in the DC-DC circuit is damaged, causing no charging.
2.8.5 Common faults and maintenance procedures of the charge and discharge management circuit
(1) Not charging
Symptom: After the power adapter is connected, the battery cannot be charged.
The maintenance process is as follows.
ÿ Eliminate the quality of the battery itself.
There are identical, confirmed batteries and laptops of the same model that can be replaced.
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Connect the power adapter and battery at the same time, unplug the power adapter after starting up, and see if the battery can be used normally, if
If it can be used normally, the battery is normal.
Use a multimeter to measure the voltage of the battery interface. The upper and lower limits of the battery voltage and the voltage marked on the battery do not exceed 2V.
The 10.8V battery should not be lower than 8.8V, otherwise the battery will be damaged.
The interior of the battery is composed of multiple batteries that can be recharged in series and parallel, plus a management chip; a 4-cell battery is composed of 4 2.7V batteries in series ,
and a 9 - cell battery can be composed of 9 3.6V batteries. Three groups are connected in parallel, and each group connects 3 batteries in series. The series connection is to increase the voltage, and
the parallel connection is to increase the capacity of the battery.
ÿ If it is confirmed that the charging circuit is faulty, then:
Check whether the power detection circuit is working normally;
Check whether the battery detection circuit is working normally;
Check whether the DC-DC circuit is good;
Check the control circuit of the charge and discharge management circuit and the related chips that generate the control circuit.
(2) The power displayed by the system does not match the actual power
Mainly due to battery memory effect. The memory effect of the battery caused by repeated charging and incomplete discharge each time.
(3) The power supply alone cannot be turned on, and only when the battery is connected can it be turned on
ÿ If the battery can be turned on normally, it means that the main unit circuits of the power supply system on the motherboard of the notebook computer are working normally. The main problem
is that there is an open circuit in the power supply from the power supply to the standby circuit.
ÿ There is an open circuit in the protective isolation circuit (the power interface is damaged, and the MOS tube of the protective isolation circuit is damaged).
You can turn it on with the battery, connect the power supply, and then unplug the battery. If the machine can be used normally, it means that there is an open circuit between the power input
and the standby generation circuit. If the battery cannot be used normally after unplugging the battery, it means that the protective isolation circuit is faulty.
(4) The battery cannot be turned on with a single battery, and it can only be turned on when it is connected to the power supply
ÿ If the power supply can be turned on normally, it means that the main unit circuits of the power supply system on the motherboard of the notebook computer are working properly.
Often, the main problem is an open circuit in the power supply from the battery to the standby circuit.
ÿ The battery is damaged, the battery power is low or the battery discharge circuit is faulty.
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It can be tested by connecting the battery after turning on the power supply, and then unplugging the power supply. If the machine can be used normally, it means that there is an open circuit from the
battery input to the standby circuit. If it cannot be used normally after unplugging the power supply, it means that the discharge circuit of the battery is faulty.
(5) Everything is normal when the single power supply is used, as long as the battery is connected, it will not be powered on
ÿ The inside of the battery is damaged, and the battery is short-circuited inside.
ÿ There is a short circuit in the DC-DC circuit.
(6) The single-use battery is all normal, as long as it is connected to the power supply, it will not be powered on
There is a short circuit in the protective isolation circuit. After the power supply is connected, the power system is protected.
1. Lenovo Tianyi F41 notebook computer charging for 2 minutes and automatically cut off the power failure maintenance example
For the Lenovo F41 sent from other places , the fault phenomenon is that the single-use power supply or single-use battery notebook computer is normal, when at the same time
Install the battery and connect to the power supply. After charging for 2 minutes, the power supply will be automatically cut off and the battery will be discharged.
According to a colleague, the customer sent it with such a failure phenomenon. Since the single-use power supply or battery was normal, he dared not move it. He was worried that the fault would expand
and damage the motherboard of the notebook, so he sent the notebook to us. For such a fault, you must be careful when repairing it, and you must accurately judge the fault before doing it. Because the laptop power
supply or battery can be used normally when the customer handed it over to us, if you accidentally make a mistake or misjudge the fault during maintenance, it may expand the fault of the laptop, causing the laptop
to not display or display when it is powered on. Without power on, the customer cannot accept this fact. If the fault cannot be restored, we need to compensate the motherboard to the customer.
According to the fault phenomenon, it can be seen that the notebook computer can be used normally due to the single power supply or battery, so the power supply system and signal system on the
notebook computer, as well as the LCD screen are all normal, and if the power supply is cut off during charging, it means that it is related to the battery. It is related to the charge and discharge management circuit or
the protection isolation circuit.
Under static conditions, we checked the charging chip and charging MOS tube of the charging and discharging management circuit, as well as the electronic components in the protection isolation circuit,
and found that they were all normal, and other key test points on the main board were normal; Then connect the adjustable power supply to test. The current reflected by the pointer of the ammeter is about 1A . It can
be seen that the battery is already being charged. At this time, the voltage of the common point on the motherboard of the notebook computer is about 18V . About a minute, the pointer of the ammeter reaches 0A,
indicating that the input of the protective isolation circuit has been cut off on the motherboard of the notebook computer at this time. At this time, measure with a multimeter , the input terminal of the PQ10MOS tube
is about 18V , and the output terminal of the D pole is about 12V . It is obvious that the voltage of about 12V at the D pole is discharged from the battery. Then measure the voltage of the G pole of PQ10 to be about
18V , which should be normal
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Around 3V . It seems that the problem has been found, that is, during the charging process, the G pole circuit responsible for controlling the PQ10MOS tube
fails, and the charging cutoff caused by it automatically cuts off the input voltage of the power adapter, and the battery discharges.
Find the circuit diagram of Lenovo F41 , and find the circuit diagram related to PQ10 from the circuit diagram , as shown in Figure 2-128 .
Figure 2-128 Lenovo Tianyi F41 Laptop Protection Isolation Circuit Diagram
It can be seen from the circuit diagram that the voltage of the G pole of the P -channel MOS transistor PQ10 is normally controlled by a 200 kÿ resistor
PR45 and 150kÿ PR66 are connected in series, and the switch tube PQ17 is grounded to realize voltage division, and a voltage of about 8V is obtained,
which is lower than the 19V voltage of the S pole of PQ10 , so as to meet the conduction condition of the G pole of PQ10 , that is to say, it can be controlled by
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PQ17 is turned on or off, so as to realize the control of PQ10 on or off.
It can be seen from the circuit diagram that the G pole of PQ17 is controlled by the ACON signal and the ACOFF signal (because when ACOFF is high level,
PQ48 can be turned on and the G pole of PQ17 can be pulled to low level). The Chinese meaning of the ACOFF signal is the meaning of the AC power off, here it refers
to the input of the power adapter. And trace the ACOFF signal ultimately comes from super EC.
Power up the test again. When charging, the voltage of the G pole of PQ17 is 3.3V, and the ACOFF signal is low level. V. Therefore, we have found the cause
of the failure. It is the internal power supply and battery management circuit module of the Super EC that is faulty. After charging for 2 minutes , the EC outputs the
ACOFF signal and cuts off the input of the power adapter, causing the power adapter to automatically cut off the power after charging for 2 minutes. adapter input.
This machine only uses the power adapter or single battery, everything is normal, but we don't have the same EC KB926QFA1 as this machine, we can fix the
fault by changing the circuit. Since the failure of this circuit is caused by the local circuit inside the super EC , it does not affect other functions, and the failure of this
module of the EC finally cuts off the input of the power adapter by controlling PQ48 , so although we cannot repair the modules inside the EC , but the influence of this
module on the circuit can be removed by removing PQ48 . After removing the PQ48 with a heat gun , reconnect the power supply for testing, the charging is normal, and
the power will not be cut off automatically. Installation test everything is normal.
Finally, for a seemingly complicated and difficult fault, we solved it by removing a three- pin MOS transistor PQ48
Excluded, the cost is zero, and the value we create is getting a faulty laptop back to normal. Of course, different customers receive different maintenance fees. And
the key to solving this fault is to locate and modify the circuit through circuit analysis and fault diagnosis . For those that cannot be repaired, we have no experience with
new machines that have just passed the warranty. We must rely on the factory's circuit diagram analysis and actual measurement of key test points to determine the
fault. To achieve this level, it is necessary to comprehensively and systematically master the technical knowledge of power supply and signal of the notebook computer,
the key test points of each circuit, and the skills of using maintenance tools. The institution, or choosing a good teacher, is the key to success.
2. When Lenovo Rising Sun 150 power supply and battery are used together, it is not a common problem for the system to lose power
The Lenovo Rising Sun 150 notebook computer that was sent for repair by the peers , the fault phenomenon is that the power supply or the single battery is turned on and everything is normal.
At the same time connect the power supply and connect the battery to turn on the computer, and the power will be cut off when the system is just entered.
According to colleagues, for the common problem of Lenovo Rising Sun 150 , he already knows that the CPU power supply chip ADP3205 solder joint will cause
There was a power failure at startup. After soldering the CPU power supply chip ADP3205 , the power still failed, so it was sent for repair.
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According to the fault phenomenon, everything is normal when the power supply or battery is used alone, only when the power supply and battery are used at the same time
The power will be lost when waiting to enter the system. It is initially determined that the fault is caused by the charging and discharging circuit on the motherboard of the notebook computer.
Let the students disassemble the machine, take out the motherboard of the notebook computer, and test the charging and discharging circuit of the motherboard of the notebook computer. The composition
and working principle of the charging and discharging management circuit are explained in detail in the introduction of the charging and discharging management circuit in section 2.8 . Find the factory circuit diagram
of the Lenovo Rising Sun 150 laptop, as shown in Figure 2-129 .
Figure 2-129 Lenovo Rising Sun 150 laptop charge and discharge management circuit diagram
It can be seen from the circuit diagram that the DC-DC circuit of the charging and discharging management circuit of Lenovo Rising Sun 150 notebook computer is composed of MOS tubes Q7 and D8 and
charging management chip MB3887 . Use a multimeter diode block to test the resistance between the G pole, S pole and D pole of the MOS transistor Q7 , and it is 10ÿ, indicating that the G pole and S pole of the
MOS tube are broken down and damaged. Connect the power supply after replacing the MOS tube , and test the positive pole of the battery interface with a multimeter voltage gauge, which is 19.5V. The standard
voltage of the Lenovo Rising Sun 150 battery is 14.8V, and the charging voltage should be around 16V normally , so it can be confirmed that the charging voltage is too high. Measure the output square wave of the
charging management chip to control the G pole voltage of the MOS transistor Q7 is abnormal, so it can be judged that the charging management chip MB3887 is damaged. Replace the charging management chip,
reinstall the battery, connect to the power supply for testing, the voltage of the positive terminal of the battery interface is 16.5V, turn it on, enter the system, everything is normal, and no power will be lost.
Fault summary: Lenovo Rising Sun 150 notebook computer, due to the MOS tube of the DC-DC circuit of the charge and discharge management circuit
The G pole and S pole of Q7 were broken down, and the charge and discharge management chip MB3887 was damaged, causing the system to be powered off when the power supply and the battery were turned
on at the same time.
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Through this fault, I tell you that notebook chip-level maintenance cannot rely entirely on experience. You must master the working principle of each unit
circuit on the notebook computer motherboard, master the test points of each unit circuit on the notebook computer motherboard, and analyze the problem in detail.
3. IBM T42P laptop charging light is always on fault
The fault phenomenon of the IBMT42P circuit sent by the peer for repair is that the charging indicator is always on, and the laptop can be used normally.
When the power and battery are connected at the same time, the charging indicator is still on, and the 3V and 5V inductors still have voltage output. According to
colleagues, the ADP3806 charging chip, Q32, Q73 and D9 have been replaced , but the fault remains.
Maintenance failure analysis: In general, there is a failure that the charging indicator light is always on when the power is unplugged. The main reason is
that the power detection circuit of IBM is faulty, Q73 or Q32 breaks down, or the voltage regulation value of diode D9 changes, so that the Q73 Pin 3 has been
turned into a low level. Under normal circumstances, it must be connected to the power supply to output a low level. This is explained in detail in the charging and
discharging circuit part of IBM T4 in this book .
Maintenance fault detection process: first test the resistance values of Q32, Q73, and D9 under static conditions, and the 3 pins of Q73
There is no disconnection to pin 2 of TB62501 , to the D pole on the diode next to H8 , and to Q53 .
Connect the power supply and battery test at the same time, the input terminal of D9 is 16V, but the output terminal is 9V. Find the circuit diagram, open
the circuit diagram, and find the circuit diagram related to Zener diode D9 , as shown in Figure 2-130 .
Figure 2-130 IBM T42 power detection circuit diagram
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It can be seen from the circuit diagram that the D9 zener diode is marked UDZ12B, indicating that the regulated value is 12V, and the output terminal of D9 should be about 4V
when inputting 16V from the diode D9. Now the output terminal is 9V, that is to say, the regulated voltage of the zener diode value becomes
7V up. Unplug the power supply and test again. The output terminal of Zener diode D9 is about 5V , and the input terminal of D9 is 12V. Where does this voltage come from? Continue to
test and find that the electricity of the battery has flowed back from the protective isolation circuit. At this time, the 3V and 5V inductors still have voltage, and the charging indicator is always
on.
The cause of the fault was found, because the Zener diode D9 was damaged, and the voltage stabilized value became low. At the moment the power was unplugged, the 12V
voltage of the battery flowed back through the Zener diode D9 (due to the damage of the Zener diode, the stabilized voltage value became 7V), output 5V to make Q73 turn on, Q73 pin 3
outputs low level, the power management system mistakenly believes that it is still connected to the power supply, so no measures are taken to cut off the MOS tube that protects the
isolation circuit, and the power management system continues to output control signals. control 3V,
The 5V unit circuit generates 3.3V, 5V voltage. So unplug the power supply, there are still 3.3V and 5V voltages on the 3V and 5V inductors and the charging indicator is always on.
Remove a D9 zener diode from the corresponding position of the material board of IBM T4 , after replacement, connect the adjustable power supply and battery, measure that
the input end of D9 is 16V, and the output end is 4V, indicating that the zener diode we replaced has a voltage regulator The value is normal. Next, install the machine for testing, connect
the power supply and the battery at the same time, and turn it on. After entering the system, everything is normal, and the charging indicator light is on. Unplug the power supply, and the
charging indicator light is on and off.
Fault summary: The D9 regulated voltage value of the IBM T42P laptop power supply detection circuit decreases, causing the charging indicator light to stay on. Why did the
peers replace the charging management chips ADP3806, Q32, Q73, and D9, but the fault was not eliminated? The reason is that the original fault was the breakdown of Q73 or Q32 . The
peers did not pass the specific test, but directly replaced all these electronic components based on experience, and the replaced D9 regulator value was wrong, so the fault remained after
the replacement. Not ruled out.
4. The power supply of the IBM T42 notebook computer is normal, but the battery fails when the battery is turned on.
According to peers, before the customer sent it for repair, the power failure was caused by water ingress. After disassembling and cleaning the water, the installation was
normal, and the customer was charged 200 yuan. After the customer took it back, he found that there was a power failure when the battery was turned on, so he sent it back. Because the
colleague is not familiar with the working principle of the charging and discharging management circuit of this notebook, because the power supply of the notebook computer can be used
normally, so I dare not move it and send it for help.
Detection without disassembly: turn on the power supply, and after entering the system, the battery can be recognized and the charging is normal. Unplug the power adapter,
single-use battery discharge is also normal. After shutting down, remove the hard disk and battery, turn on the test, no display and power off after power on. Disassemble the laptop, remove
the main board, carefully observe the reverse side of the main board’s battery interface, there are slight traces of water ingress, clean the area around the battery interface with board
washing water, there is no corrosion on the main board of the laptop, and use a multimeter to measure The power supply of the battery interface and the resistance of the data line to
ground are normal. It can be confirmed that the charging circuit on the motherboard of the laptop is normal.
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The power detection circuit is normal, the battery information detection circuit is normal, and the discharge circuit is also normal. It is initially judged that the battery voltage
detection circuit is faulty.
No fault was found under static conditions. Install the battery to the battery interface of the main board, and measure the I2C_CLK and I2C_DATA of the battery
interface with a multimeter. The voltage is 3.3V , both are normal. Measure the M_TEMP signal, and there is a voltage of about 2V . Under normal circumstances, when the
single-use battery is triggered to start, the H8 first obtains the battery status information through the battery information detection circuit, such as the number of charge and
discharge times, the manufacturer and other battery information, and at the same time sends the internal temperature of the battery through M_TEMP . Then the battery
voltage detection circuit feeds back a battery voltage signal M_BATVOLT to H8 .
Get the circuit diagram of T42 and open it, as shown in Figure 2-131 .
Figure 2-131 IBM T42 laptop circuit diagram
The working principle of the battery voltage detection circuit of the IBM T42 notebook computer is analyzed through the circuit diagram as follows: When the switch
is pressed to start up, the 3.3V BATMON_EN high level is first output from the 4 pin of H8 , so that the NPN transistor Q29 is turned on and low, so that The 3 pin of D48 is
0V, and the 2 pin is the low level of 0.7V . Pin 2 of D48 is connected to the B pole of the PNP transistor Q19 , so that the B pole of Q19 also becomes a low level, and Q19
will be turned on. Load the voltage M-BAT-PWR of about 12V output by the battery to the negative pole of the voltage regulator diode D53 (the mark UDZ5.1B on the circuit
diagram indicates that the voltage regulator value is 5.1V), and the voltage of about 6.9V comes from the D pole of the voltage regulator diode , and then through R444, a
5.62 kÿ resistor and R447, a 2 kÿ resistor, the voltage is divided to obtain M_BATVOLT of about 3V , which is added to pin 68 of H8 . After H8 receives the signal
M_BATVOLT indicating that the battery voltage is normal , it will continue to supply power from the battery. If this signal is not received, H8 will make the system immediately
enter the protection state and power off.
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The actual measurement found that pin 4 of H8 has output 3.3V BATMON_EN , and pin 68 of H8 is 0V. The measured pin 2 of Q29 is
3.3V, pin 3 of D48 is 0V, pin 2 is also 0V, and pin 2 of Q19 B is extremely 12V, indicating that the conduction condition of the PNP resistor
transistor Q19 is not satisfied and the voltage of the battery around 12V cannot be reached. Through the Zener diode D9, and then through the
series voltage division of the resistors R444 and R447 , a high-level M-BAT-PWR signal of about 3V is obtained. Measure Q19 to
The resistance value between D48 is infinite, which means that the wire between Q19 and D48 is disconnected. After flying the wire with a special enameled wire, install the battery,
connect the adjustable power supply and test, everything is normal.
Fault summary: H8 cannot detect the M_BATVOLT signal returned by the battery due to the disconnection between Q19 and D48 of the
IBM T42 notebook computer , so it is powered off with the battery.
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Chapter 3 Signal Section of Notebook Computer
This chapter mainly describes the hard boot, soft boot, and addressing process of the notebook computer. The purpose of
studying this chapter is to master the signal flow of the notebook computer, and to be able to analyze and judge the failure of the
notebook computer caused by the power-on signal part.

3.1 Hard Boot of Laptop

Laptop hard boot means that the hardware is ready. For ordinary users, the laptop motherboard is hardware. For chip-level maintenance
personnel, the laptop motherboard and programs in the BIOS are software. The completion of the hard boot means that the power supply, clock, and
reset of the CPU are all normal, that is, the working conditions of the CPU are satisfied.
3.1.1 Working diagram of hard boot
Figure 3-1 shows the schematic diagram of laptop hard boot.
Figure 3-1 Schematic diagram of laptop hard boot
The working process is analyzed as follows.
Connect the power supply, after the standby circuit works normally, press the power switch, the power-on circuit will output corresponding
control signals to each unit circuit according to the power-on sequence, after the power supply system works normally (3V, 5V power supply unit circuit
output is normal, CPU power supply unit The circuit output is normal) will generate a power good signal (PWORGOOD, referred to as PG) and send it
to the south bridge; the south bridge will generate two clock control signals PCISTOP and CPUSTOP at the same time to control the operation of the
clock circuit, and at the same time give a PG signal to the CPU; the CPU power supply unit circuit When normal, the CLKEN signal will be sent to start
the clock circuit. When the clock circuit works normally, it outputs the corresponding clock signal and sends it to each part of the circuit on the main
board. When the south bridge receives the clock signal, the reset circuit starts to work and generates two reset signals: PCI-RST, DRV-RST, among
them DRV-RST, to reset the devices on the motherboard, such as network card, EC, etc. The other PCI-RST# is to reset the north bridge. When the
north bridge is connected to PCI-RST#, it will generate CPU-RST# to reset the CPU. When the CPU receives the reset signal, the hard start is completed, that is,
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Laptop Repair Advanced Tutorial (Chip Level)
That is to say, when the CPU power supply and clock reset are normal, the hard boot of the notebook computer is completed.
3.1.2 Process Analysis of Hard Start
Simply put, hard start refers to the process of power supply-clock-reset, which is a logical process.
(1) Only when the circuit of the CPU power supply unit is normal, the south bridge will receive the power good signal (according to the previous boot circuit
The precondition for the normal operation of the CPU power supply unit circuit is that the 3V and 5V power supply unit circuits, the north and south bridges, the graphics card,
and the memory power supply unit circuits all work normally).
(2) The clock circuit only receives the PCI_STOP and CPU_STOP sent by the South Bridge, and the CPU power supply chip sends
The clock unit circuit will work only after the CLKEN clock start signal is output, and the clocks of each channel will be output through the clock frequency divider.
(3) The internal reset circuit will start to work only after the south bridge receives the clock signal from the clock circuit.
Output PCIRST reset signal to reset the devices on the motherboard.
(4) Northbridge will issue CPU_RST only after receiving PSCRST from Southbridge.
3.1.3 Application of hard start in maintenance
1. Hard boot completed performance
Hard start completion means that the working conditions of the CPU are met, the CPU will work after the working conditions are met, and the CPU will work
The first step is to address, issue addressing instructions, through the north bridge, south bridge, to the BIOS to call the power-on self-test program.
Therefore, after the hard boot is completed, it can be tested in the following places:
(1) The 3V and 5V power supply unit circuits work normally, and the 3V and 5V inductors output normally;
(2) The power supply unit circuits of the North and South Bridges, memory, and graphics card work normally, and the power supply inductors of the North and South Bridges, memory, and graphics card
The voltage output is normal;
(3) The CPU power supply unit circuit works normally, and the CPU power supply inductor outputs normally;
(4) After the CPU power supply is normal, start to work, and you can feel a certain temperature with your hands;
(5) The frame period signal FRAME can be monitored by the detection card.
2. Hard Start Unfinished Performance
The incomplete hard start means that the working conditions of the CPU are not met, that is, there are faults in the power supply, clock, and reset of the CPU.
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A signal is not complete. The order of inspection during maintenance is as follows.
(1) Check whether the power supply of the CPU is normal. If the power supply of the CPU is abnormal, there must be no clock and reset signal; the power supply of the
CPU must be normal, and the circuits of the 3V and 5V power supply units must be normal. Some of the notebook computers must also have a VTTPG signal to have a control
signal for the CPU power supply unit circuit. In addition, the faulty welding of the Super EC or the fault of the CPU power supply unit circuit itself will also cause the CPU to have
no power supply.
(2) The clock signal of the CPU, the clock of the CPU comes from the output of the clock circuit; the working control signal of the clock circuit comes from the CLKEN
issued after the circuit of the south bridge and the CPU power supply unit is normal.
(3) CPU reset signal, the CPU reset signal is given by the north bridge, and the north bridge reset signal is sent by the reset circuit of the south bridge. Therefore, if the
north bridge does not receive the reset signal from the south bridge, or the north bridge has weak soldering or the north bridge itself is not in good contact, it will cause the CPU
to have no reset signal.
3. Causes of Hard Boot not completing
(1) The power supply unit circuit of the north and south bridges is not working properly, resulting in no power supply for the south bridge or north bridge, which will
cause no display after power on. For example: IBM T40 notebook computer is responsible for generating 1.2V and 1.05V. The U29 MAX1845 chip is damaged and does not
output voltage , it will cause no power supply to the north bridge, and no voltage to the CPU I/O, which will cause no display after power-on. The solution is to replace the MAX1845.
(2) There is no power supply to the CPU, which causes the CPU to fail to work and cause no display after power-on. IBM X31 runs the code FF to test whether the CPU
has no power supply, and check whether the working conditions of the CPU power supply chip are met; after replacing the ADP3205, it is measured that the CPU power supply
is normal.
(3) The north and south bridges themselves have poor contact or weak welding.
3.2 Clock circuit
The clock of the laptop is equivalent to the time we say in our daily life. Trains have train timetables, airplanes have flight timetables, the army has a unified bugleman
responsible for time arrangements, enterprises have unified on- and off-duty time, schools have There is a unified work and rest time. Everyone or the team can only complete
the work better if they work within the agreed time. Once the key person fails to arrive on time, it will affect the completion of the whole work. Each chipset on the laptop
motherboard is equivalent to each of us or a team. Just like we need to follow a unified time in our lives, there will be a clock circuit inside the computer to provide corresponding
clock frequencies for each chipset. , so as to ensure that each chipset can work normally.
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The data exchange between the various chipsets inside the notebook computer is completed by the transmitted clock frequency, so the mutual transmission
The clock frequency of the data output interface is the same, and the chipset that needs a clock on the motherboard of the notebook computer includes, CPU,
North bridge, network card, sound card, graphics card, EC, south bridge, PC card BUS.
Through the study of this chapter, you need to master:
(1) The frame diagram of the clock circuit of the notebook computer motherboard;
(2) Overhaul and test of the clock circuit of the main board of the notebook computer.
3.2.1 Frame diagram of clock signal (taking Centrino first generation machine as an example)
The clock signal diagram is shown in Figure 3-2.
100MHz
CPU
133MHz
HUB
Memory
graphics card north bridge
100MHz
66MHz 66MHz 33m
MINPCI
33m
66MHz
network card
clock chip 14M

bus
33MHz sound card
48MHz 33M 33M

PC card BUS
14MHz 33m
south bridge 14M
I/O BIOS
Figure 3-2 Simplified diagram of the clock signal
1. CPU clock circuit
The clock frequency provided by the clock circuit to the CPU is also called the external frequency. The normal working mode is 100MHz, and it can also be
In the 66MHz, 100MHz, 133MHz mode, the conversion is realized through adjustment. The power supply part of the notebook computer motherboard is due to the connection
Only the battery is inserted, so the power supply needs to be frequency-regulated. It will automatically reduce the frequency when using the battery.
2. Front Side Bus FSB Frequency
The bus for data transmission between the CPU and the North Bridge is called FSB, and its frequency is obtained on the basis of the FSB. Centrino
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The front-side bus of the first-generation motherboard is 400MHz, which is equivalent to four 100MHz transmission lines. The front side bus of Centrino II is
533MHz, equivalent to 4 transmission lines at 133MHz. The higher the frequency of this line, the more data is transmitted between the CPU and the
North Bridge per unit time, and the faster the speed. The frequency of the FSB on the motherboard of the notebook computer must correspond to that
of the CPU, otherwise the CPU cannot work. However, the 133MHz FSB is backward compatible with the 100MHz FSB. That is to say, the CPU of
Centrino II can be used for the motherboard of Centrino I, but the BIOS needs to be upgraded.
3. PCI bus clock 33MHz
The PCI bus clock mainly provides clock signals for chipsets and interfaces on the PCI bus such as sound cards, network cards, EC, MNIPCI,
and PC card BUS.
4. south bridge clock
In addition to the 32.768kHz provided by the real-time crystal oscillator, the clock signal of the South Bridge also needs to provide 14.318MHz,
The frequencies of 33MHz (mainly used for the chipset and interface of the PCI bus to exchange data), 48MHz (provide the clock frequency for the
USB interface) and 66MHz (provide the clock frequency for the HUB bus that transmits data between the south bridge and the north bridge).
5. graphics card clock
The clock of the graphics card is 66MHz, which is provided directly by the clock circuit.
6. memory clock
The memory clock is 133MHz, provided by the North Bridge.
7. audio clock
Most of the audio clock is its own clock frequency 24.576MHz, and some notebook computers are powered by the reference clock
Provided for 14.318MHz.
8. USB circuit clock
The clock frequency of USB is 48MHz, which is provided by South Bridge.
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3.2.2 Clock chip circuit

The clock chip circuit is shown in Figure 3-3, and its pin definitions are shown in Table 3-1.
Figure 3-3 Clock chip circuit
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Table 3-1 Definition of clock chip pins
pin name Function
1ÿ8ÿ14ÿ
19ÿ26ÿ32ÿ VDD 3V power supply input
37ÿ46ÿ50
2 ASK FOR External 14.318MHz reference clock signal input
3 XOUT External 14.318MHz reference clock signal output
4ÿ9ÿ15ÿ20ÿ
VSS ground wire
27ÿ31ÿ36ÿ47
5 PCI-F0 The PCI clock signal 33MHz provided to the South Bridge
6ÿ7ÿ24ÿ33ÿ35ÿ NC empty leg
10 PCI0 The clock signal provided to the PC card management chip is 33MHz
11 PCI1 Clock signal 33MHz for MNPCI interface and H8 chip
12 PCI2 The clock signal provided to the docking station management chip is 33MHz
13 PCI3 The clock signal provided to EC is 33MHz
16 PCI4 The clock signal provided to BIOS is 33MHz
17 PCI5 The clock signal provided to the security chip is 33MHz
18 PCI6 The clock signal provided to the network card chip is 33MHz
21 6B0/3V66_2 The clock signal provided to the graphics card is 66MHz
22 66B1/3V66_3 The clock signal 66MHz provided to the internal graphics interface of the Northbridge
23 66B2/3V66_4 The clock signal 66MHz provided to the internal HUB bus of the South Bridge
25 -PWR_DWN Control signal of the clock chip
28 -VTT_PG VTT power good signal as a control signal of the clock
29 SDATA System Management Bus Data Lines
30 SCLK Clock line of the system management bus
38 DOT48M 48MHz for PC card management chip
39 USB48M The clock signal provided to the internal USB circuit of the South Bridge
40ÿ43ÿ54ÿ55 SEL0-2 MUT0 CPU clock frequency selection
-PCI_STP
34ÿ53 Control signal of the clock circuit
-CPU_STP
44ÿ45 -CPU2ÿCPU2 The clock signal 100MHz provided to the internal CPU interface circuit of North Bridge
48ÿ49 -CPU1ÿCPU1 The clock signal provided to the CPU is 100MHz
56 REF Clock signal 14MHz for Southbridge, EC, sound card
1. Six parts of the clock circuit
As shown in Figure 3-3, the clock circuit is mainly composed of the following six circuits.
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(1) Reference clock circuit: mainly responsible for generating a reference clock frequency of 14.318MHz;
(2) PCI clock generation circuit: mainly responsible for the PCI clock frequency of 33MHz;
(3) USB clock circuit: mainly responsible for generating 48MHz USB clock signal;
(4) CPU clock circuit: mainly responsible for providing 100MHz clock frequency for CPU;
(5) 66MHz clock circuit: mainly responsible for providing 66MHz clock frequency to the north bridge, graphics card, and south bridge;
(6) Core clock control circuit: mainly responsible for controlling the clock output by the clock divider.
2. Overhaul of the clock circuit
(1) Test point of the clock circuit
ÿ The clock signal is output by the clock chip and then sent to each chip and corresponding circuit of the notebook computer motherboard. It is difficult to test one by one.
We can judge whether the clock signal is there by testing the small resistance of 33ÿ or 22ÿ around the clock chip. The output should have a voltage of about 1.65V when measured
with a multimeter, and there should be a certain waveform when measured with an oscilloscope.
ÿ In order to be more convenient and direct during maintenance, we monitor the CLK signal on the MNIPCI slot of the notebook computer through the test card. If the clock
signal is normal, the CLK light of the test card will be on.
(2) Overhaul of a chip without a clock
In maintenance, as long as a certain chip has a clock, it means that the clock circuit is working normally. First test around the chip under static conditions
Check the ground resistance of capacitors and resistors to confirm whether there is a short circuit; the chip must have a clock, and the power supply must be normal.
(3) The clock circuit of the notebook computer motherboard does not output
If the clock circuit of the notebook computer motherboard does not output, check the following three aspects.
ÿ Check whether the power supply of the clock chip is normal.
The power supply of the clock chip generally has a FL insurance inductance or insurance in front, and there is a capacitor on the front and back of the power supply pin.
The power supply of the clock chip comes from the 3V successor of the 3V, 5V power supply unit circuit.
ÿ Check whether the reference clock crystal oscillator starts to oscillate.
The voltage difference between the two ends will be greater than 0.1V when measured with a multimeter, and there should be a waveform when measured with an oscilloscope.
ÿ Check whether the clock chip is damaged.
When the power supply of the clock chip is normal, the crystal oscillator starts to oscillate, and the control signals are also normal, if the clock chip has no clock output, the
clock chip is damaged and needs to be replaced.
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3.3 BIOS
BIOS A set of programs solidified in the ROM chip is a basic input/output system that provides the lowest level and direct hardware control and
support for the computer. When the computer is turned on to process signals, all original operations are done according to the content in the BIOS. It is
a hub between computer software and hardware. It is responsible for detecting and initializing hardware devices and loading operations when the
computer is turned on. The system and schedules the system modules that the operating system issues instructions to the hardware.
A machine has its operating manual, and the machine operator will operate the machine according to the operating manual; a company has its articles
of association, and the company’s CEO will manage the company according to the company’s articles of association; the Spring Festival Gala will have a party
program Table, the host broadcasts the program according to the program table; the laptop is the same as the mobile phone, the CPU will execute the same
command every time it is turned on, as long as there is no problem with other hardware itself, there will be no error, because it is solidified inside them. A set of programs.
3.3.1 Composition of BIOS
1. CMOS setup program
The CMOS setting program mainly provides users with a modifiable interface. Users can optimize the time, date and hardware parameters
according to their own preferences, close the interface, select the boot sequence, etc., and write the set hardware configuration record file into the
CMOSRAM chip. In it, the basic information of the hardware, CPU characteristics, hard disk, optical drive and other equipment are saved. The modified
information is finally stored in the south bridge, which is powered by the CMOS battery. This process is equivalent to when the user fills in the talent
resume form when recruiting, and the talent information is finally summarized to the manager.
2. POST
When the power is turned on, after completing the hard boot and CPU addressing, it will conduct a self-test on each key hardware of the
computer. The self-test process is completed according to the program in the BIOS. This program is called the power-on self-test program (POST) ).
During the self-test, if the key devices (CPU, North Bridge, South Bridge, graphics card, memory) fail the self-test, they will not display after power-on;
if peripherals and interfaces make errors during the self-test, an error will be reported. This process is equivalent to conducting interviews and
professional tests on applicants during recruitment.
3. interrupt service routine
After the applicants have passed the interview and professional test, the recruiting company will assign jobs to the employees who are about to take up the job.
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No. This job number is the identification of going to work in the company, paying wages, and rewarding in the future. It is also equivalent to the license plate number
selected when a new car is registered at the vehicle management office. In the future, the traffic management department will manage vehicles through the license plate
number. After the power-on self-test program is executed, the BIOS will assign an interrupt number to each hardware device and interface, and form a file to tell the CPU.
When the user issues a command to use a certain device, the CPU will let the corresponding hardware complete the work according to the corresponding interrupt number.
The BIOS interrupt service program is a programmable interface between software and hardware in the computer, which realizes the connection between software and
hardware, so as to realize software control hardware.
4. system bootloader
When the power-on self-test is completed and the interrupt number is assigned to the hardware, the computer CPU will search for the boot file of the
corresponding boot device according to the startup sequence set in the CMOS setup program, read the boot file record of the operating system, and then transfer control
to the boot record , and the boot record is used to complete the system startup. The factory default of the computer is from the floppy drive, CD-ROM, network to the hard
disk, so in order to speed up the startup of the computer, we generally set the first item in the startup sequence to start from the hard disk. If the system self-test program
is damaged, the system cannot be started normally.
3.3.2 How to enter CMOS settings
When repairing a notebook computer, every time the hardware configuration of the notebook computer is changed or the motherboard of the notebook computer
is repaired, the CMOS setting information of the notebook computer will be lost. After restarting, it will report wrong time, wrong date, hardware error, or prompt Press F1
to continue. When the LOGO is displayed at startup, press the Esc key to jump out of the LOGO interface, and there will be a prompt to press the F1 or F2 key to enter
SETUP. IBM machines press the F1 key, HP, Sony, Dell, Acer, most machines in China and Taiwan use the F2 key, and Compaq machines press the F10 key.
3.3.3 Encapsulation of BIOS
(1) The quadrilateral pins of PLCC are 32 pins, which are mostly used in Samsung, Lenovo, Founder, Hedy and other brands, as shown in Figure 3-4
shown.
(2) TSOP package, rectangular short side with 40 pins are mostly used for IBM, Dell, Sony and other brands, such as
As shown in Figure 3-5.
(3) The latest TSOP8 is slightly larger than the MOS tube and has the same shape. Most of the current dual-core machines use this package.
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Figure 3-4 32-pin BIOS package Figure 3-5 40-pin BIOS package
3.3.4 Failure caused by BIOS
1. Faults caused by incorrect CMOS information
(1) Time and date cannot be saved
ÿ The CMOS battery is dead, replace the battery;
ÿ The CMOS battery holder is weakly welded or broken, re-solder or replace it.
(2) CMOS information error causes no power on
For Sony and ASUS brand laptops, the main reason is that the south bridge is responsible for power management, and the CMOS information is stored in the south
bridge, so unplug the CMOS battery and discharge it, and the fault will be resolved.
(3) CMOS information error causes soft shutdown, restart after 10 seconds
The main reason is that the CMOS information is stored in the south bridge, and the south bridge is responsible for power management. Unplug the CMOS battery and discharge it, and
the fault is solved.
(4) It does not turn on when it is turned on, it does not turn on when the machine is cold, and it can be turned on after repeated several times
Common models include HP laptops. The main reason is that the CMOS battery is insufficient. Replace the
CMOS battery.
(5) Some hardware suddenly cannot be used. It was normal yesterday, but it cannot be used after booting this morning.
Common models are Toshiba brand L20, the touchpad cannot be used, the solution is to restore the factory settings.
2. Faults caused by BIOS program corruption
(1) No display when power on
ÿ Do not run the code (run FF, 00): The BIOS program is damaged, and the laptop cannot call the program POST.
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inspection program. The solution is to flash the BIOS.
ÿ The memory is not enough (run 28, 38): The BIOS program is damaged, causing the power-on self-test to fail to recognize the memory, but the memory is not available.
Common models include Lenovo E200, Founder T5800D, Compaq B2000, etc.
ÿ But the graphics card: The BIOS program is damaged, causing the power-on self-test to fail the graphics card. Common models include Samsung Q20 and HP N620C.
ÿ Garbled characters: Caused by corrupted BIOS program, Compaq B2000 is a common model with garbled characters.
(2) Crash when booting, and stop at the LOGO interface after booting and displaying
ÿ The BIOS program is damaged, causing the power-on self-test to fail.
ÿ Crashes caused by the lack of soldering of the north bridge, the common models are Toshiba A10.
ÿ Crash caused by false soldering of the south bridge, the common model is IBM T43.
ÿ Note that the false crash is caused by the damage of the keyboard, judged by the external USB keyboard.
(3) Without power
The boot chip (EC) of the new Centrino II and dual-core models does not have a program, and its initial operation needs to call the BIOS
The program in the chip, the common model is Toshiba L20. You can troubleshoot by flashing the BIOS program.
(4) Unable to enter the system, unable to boot
This failure is caused by the damage of the system bootloader in the BIOS program. The fault can be resolved by flashing the BIOS program.
3.3.5 BIOS soft brush

BIOS soft brush (meaning that you don’t need to take out the BIOS chip, you don’t need to disassemble the machine, and you can enter the flashing interface by executing
the program in the system) can be used to boot the laptop normally, enter the system and use it normally, especially for upgrading or downgrading the BIOS version , to optimize
the performance of the laptop or resolve some errors.
For example, IBM T43 standard configuration hard disk is 40GB or 60GB. When customers upgrade the hard disk, they will report 0210 error when they replace the non-
original hard disk. After replacing non-IBM original hard disk, all models of IBM T43 will report an error when starting up. Specifically The error message is as follows: ERROR
2010: warning: your internal hard disk drive(HDD) may not function correctly on this system. Ensure that your HDD is supported on this system and that the latest HDD firmware is
installed Press esc to continue Press to setup.
(To the effect: Your hard drive cannot be used normally on this system, please confirm that this system supports this hard drive and has been upgraded to the latest hard
drive microcode.)
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At this time, press the Esc key to skip, but it will report 2010 error every time it is started or restarted. Because the machine will detect the machine when it starts
hard disk, if the microcode of this hard disk is different from the microcode originally provided in BIOS, this warning message will appear! The main reason is that the
microcode of the hard disk is recorded in the BIOS of the motherboard, and the microcode in the new hard disk is different from that recorded in the BIOS, so an error will be
reported. The solution to this fault is to downgrade the version by using a soft brush, and flash a microcode or BIOS program that does not need to check the hard disk during
the self-test.
There are certain risks in the process of soft brushing. Whether it is upgrading or lowering the BIOS version, it may cause the laptop to not display when it is turned
on, or even the screen to be blurred or not powered on. It is recommended that non-professionals must operate with caution. Of course, all faults caused by soft brushing can
be solved by hard brushing (using a programmer).
Reasons for the failure of soft flashing: first, the BIOS program used for upgrading is incorrect, second, illegal operation during the upgrading process, and third,
power failure and shutdown during the upgrading.
Preparations: Be sure to fully charge the battery of the laptop (mainly to prevent the upgrade failure due to a sudden power failure during the soft brushing process,
which will cause damage to the BIOS program, and the power will not be displayed when the power is turned on again), and connect the power adapter . Turn on the upgrade
item in the BIOS, because some machines are turned off by default and must be turned on to upgrade normally.
The following takes IBM T43 downgrading the BIOS version as an example to illustrate the specific operation steps.
The first step is to download T43 BIOS version 1.02 (1YET39WW) from the IBM official website. This version of the BIOS program does not detect the microcode of
the hard disk when it is turned on. Be sure to download it from the official website. Open the program, the interface of T43 BIOS version 1.02 is shown in Figure 3-6.
Figure 3-6 The interface of IBM T43 BIOS version 1.02
Operate according to the prompts and click the "Next" button. During this process, a prompt will warn you to confirm that the battery is fully charged and connect the
power adapter, as shown in Figure 3-7.
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Figure 3-7 Follow the prompts to operate
Click the "Confirm" button until finally the laptop restarts.
In the second step, the notebook computer will automatically enter the refresh interface after restarting, as shown in Figure 3-8.
Figure 3-8 Enter the new interface
Select the second item, press the Enter key, the system will repeatedly confirm whether it is connected to the power supply and ensure that the battery has sufficient power.
The system will pop up multiple confirmation boxes, press the Enter key according to the prompt to proceed to the last step, as shown in Figure 3-9 and Figure 3-10.
While the BIOS is being flashed, do not perform any operations on the computer at this time, and do not unplug the power or shut it down. BIOS flashing finished
After finishing, it will automatically shut down or restart automatically.
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Figure 3-9 Press the Enter key according to the prompt
Figure 3-10 Press the Enter key to proceed to the last step according to the prompt
After the BIOS is flashed, restart the computer and enter the BIOS interface to check whether the BIOS version has been flashed successfully, as shown in
Figure 3-11.
Figure 3-11 Check whether the BIOS version is flashed successfully
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3.3.6 BIOS hard flash
The BIOS hard brush is mainly used in the following situations: If the notebook computer cannot enter the system normally due to BIOS damage,
or the power-on does not display, or the situation is not powered on, it is necessary to remove the BIOS chip and flash a good one with a programmer.
BIOS program to recover from laptop failures.
1. BIOS hard brush tool (as shown in Figure 3-12)
Figure 3-12 BIOS hard flashing
2. Compiler
There are 5 types of sockets commonly used for programmers: TSOP 48, PLCC 32, SSOP 28, SOP 16 and SOP 18, such as
As shown in Figure 3-13, its power cable and data cable are shown in Figure 3-14.
Figure 3-13 Programmer socket (need to be purchased separately) commonly used are TSOP 48 (common 40, 32),
PLCC 32, SSOP 28, SOP 16 and SOP 18
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Figure 3-14 Programmer power cable and data cable
3. BIOS hard flash steps
(1) Remove the BIOS chip from the main board and install it in the adapter seat. There will be insulating tape on the main board, as shown in Figure 3-15.
Figure 3-15 Removing the BIOS chip from the motherboard
If the BIOS has not been flashed before, the BIOS chip on the motherboard is usually sealed with a paper strip, as shown in
Figure 3-16. Take off the note, take off the BIOS chip with a heat gun, and put it into the programming adapter seat. Be careful when
putting it in. If the pins of the chip and the pins of the seat are not the same, the The pins are free. For the 48-pin socket, place the 40-
pin chip, and leave the front one empty, as shown in Figure 3-17.
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Figure 3-16 Sealing paper on the BIOS chip
Figure 3-17 Adapter for programming
The SOP 16-pin socket is installed with 8-pin chips, and the front part must also be vacant, as shown in Figure 3-18.
Figure 3-18 SOP 16-pin seat
Put the adapter seat into the programmer, and pull up the lock. When the seat is placed, be sure to insert the pins into the slot smoothly.
If the seat is not as long as the slot of the programmer, the front part should be vacant. , aligned with the end of the slot, as shown in Figure 3-19.
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The situation of installing the PLCC 32-pin socket into the slot of the programmer is shown in Figure 3-20.
Figure 3-19 The seat should be aligned with the end of the programmer slot Figure 3-20 The PLCC32 pin seat installed in the programmer slot
(2) Install the programmer
Connect the power adapter, connect the data cable to the USB interface, put in the built-in driver CD, choose to install, after the installation is complete, turn
on the power, the system will prompt to find new hardware. After the installation is complete, there will be a BIOS flashing program icon SUOERPRO USB Series on
the desktop.
(3) Open the program
Open the interface of SPS8OU-SUPERPRO programmer, as shown in Figure 3-21.
Figure 3-21 Interface of SPS8OU-SUPERPRO programmer
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(4) Select device
Select the component M50FWO80@TSOP40 on the programmer interface, as shown in Figure 3-22.
Figure 3-22 Select components on the programmer interface
When entering, be sure to enter the last digit supported by the program. For M50FW080NS, there is only M50FW080@TSOP40 in the
program, so stop here. Pay attention to whether the model you choose is consistent with the manufacturer of the BIOS chip, and whether the
package is the same. After selecting, click the "OK" button, and the program will prompt the pin position of the chip, as shown in Figure 3-23.
Figure 3-23 Check whether the selected model is consistent with the BIOS chip manufacturer
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(5) Read the program in the BIOS chip - Read (as shown in Figure 3-24)
Figure 3-24 Read the program in the BIOS chip
If your chip is not placed properly, or the chip pins are connected by residual tin, which leads to poor contact, an error will be prompted,
as shown in Figure 3-25.
Figure 3-25 There is a problem with the chip and an error message is displayed
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If the chip is installed correctly and the contact is good, it will start reading data. In order to prevent the program you flash in from not
matching the original model, remember to save it after reading it. After saving, check whether the file information is correct, as shown in
Figure 3-26 and Figure 3-27.
Figure 3-26 Save after reading Figure 3-27 Check whether the file information is correct
(6) Erase Chip_Erase from the program in the chip, and then clear BlanK_Check (as shown in Figure 3-28 and Figure 3-29)
Figure 3-28 Erase the chip
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Figure 3-29 Empty the chip
Load the confirmed program; click Burn Program to write the program into the BIOS chip, as shown in Figure 3-30 and Figure 3-31.
Figure 3-30 point programming program
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Figure 3-31 Write the program into the BIOS chip
(7) After writing, click the Verify option to verify (as shown in Figure 3-32)
Note: In the above steps, read the program, erase the program, clear, burn, and verify, each step cannot have
Error message or prompt must show success. Only in this way can the BIOS be flashed successfully.
(8) Solder the BIOS chip on the motherboard of the notebook computer, and test whether the flashing is successful.
Figure 3-32 Verifying
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3.4 Addressing process
We divide the booting process of the notebook computer into two processes: hard boot and soft boot. Hard boot means that the hardware is ready (CPU power
supply, clock, and reset are normal); soft boot means that the CPU executes the process of power-on self-test program. After the hard boot is completed, the CPU first
needs to address and call the power-on self-test program POST. This process is the addressing process. If the addressing process is not completed, it will cause the soft
start to fail to start, resulting in no display after power-on. Through the understanding of the addressing process, you can more accurately judge the failure of the notebook
computer that does not appear when it is powered on.
3.4.1 Addressing of Centrino CPU
The schematic diagram of the addressing process of Centrino CPU is shown in Figure 3-33.
The symbols of the schematic diagram in Figure 3-33 are explained as follows.
(1) ADS: address strobe signal, active low. The address strobe signal is responsible for checking whether there are any instructions on the FSB front-side bus that
have not been transmitted.
(2) DBSY: Bus busy signal, bus busy means that the bus is transmitting instructions and needs to wait.
(3) FRAME: frame period signal, mainly responsible for monitoring the data transmission between the north bridge and the south bridge, one transmission at a time
data, there will be a level change. The frame period signal is a key test signal in maintenance.
Figure 3-33 Schematic diagram of the addressing process
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(4) IRDY: master device ready signal, low level is active, when data and command transmission, send data
The other side is the master device, the north bridge sends data to the south bridge, and the north bridge is the master device.
(5) TRDY: The slave device is ready signal, which is active at low level. When transmitting data and instructions, the party receiving the data is the
slave device. The north bridge sends data to the south bridge, and the south bridge is the slave device.
(6) A0ÿA31: 32 lines represent a group of address lines, and instructions are transmitted in one direction. D0ÿD63: 64 lines represent a group of data
lines, and the data lines are bidirectional transmission. Special attention: A group of 32 address lines or a group of 64 data lines, like a team, is indispensable,
and a problem with one of them, whether it is a disconnection or a short circuit, will cause abnormal data transmission.
3.4.2 Detailed addressing process
(1) When starting up, when the hard start is completed, that is, after the working conditions of the CPU are met, the CPU sends an addressing
instruction FFFFOH address signal, first confirms whether the front-end bus FSB is busy through the DBSY signal, and after confirming that it is not busy,
through the ADS address The strobe signal informs the north bridge to prepare to send commands. If the north bridge is normal, it will also inform the CPU.
When the ADS and DBSY are normal, the CPU sends the addressing command of FFFF0H to the north bridge through A0-A31.
(2) After the north bridge receives the command and works normally, it will send the IRDY master device ready signal, and notify the south bridge
through the HUB bus that it is ready. After the south bridge works normally, it will send out the TRDY slave device ready signal to inform the north bridge that
it is ready. After the master and slave devices are ready, the north bridge starts to send instructions to the south bridge through the 32 address lines of
A0~A31 through the HUB bus. At this time, the frame A periodic signal will have a jump.
(3) After receiving the command, the south bridge will transmit it to the LPC address line port of the BIOS through the LPC bus, and the LPC bus
Using LPC_AD0-3, a total of 4 lines, not only transmit instructions, but also transmit data. When the command arrives at the BIOS address line port, the
decoder inside the BIOS starts to decode, and then calls the POST power-on self-test program from the data memory, puts it in the buffer, and then returns
to the south bridge through LPC_AD0 to LPC_AD3.
(4) The south bridge receives the data sent back from the LPC bus of the BIOS, encodes it through the decoder inside the south bridge, and converts
the data into a level, and then the south bridge sends the signal back to the north bridge through the HUB bus. When transmitting data, the FRAME frame
period signal also has a jump. The north bridge is then decoded by a decoder to convert the level signal into data, and then through D0~D63, 64 data lines
are sent back to the CPU. When the CPU receives the data sent back from the north bridge, it means the addressing process ends.
3.4.3 Test points for the addressing process
By monitoring the PCI bus of the notebook computer, the notebook computers before the Centrino generation all insert the test card in the
On the MNIPCI slot, you can easily judge the fault by testing the indicator lights and codes on the card.
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(1) Pin 61 of the MNIPCI slot is the ready signal of the slave device.
(2) Pin 66 of the MNIPCI slot is the ready signal of the master device.
(3) Pin 64 of the MNIPCI slot is a frame cycle signal.
3.4.4 Application of the addressing process in maintenance
(1) The addressing process is essentially a level conversion process. The instruction is sent from the CPU to the North Bridge, then to the South Bridge,
BIOS, CPU and North Bridge, North Bridge and South Bridge, South Bridge and BIOS, all of them are connected by bus for data and signal transmission. Both chipsets
have interface circuits responsible for sending and receiving data and instructions, and the power supply of the connected interface circuits is the same. Addressing
process voltage from the initial 1.05V to 1.8V, to 3.3V, and then from 3.3V to 1.8V, to 1.05V.
(2) Frequency conversion, the addressing command issued by the CPU passes through the FSB bus, the HUB bus, and the LPC bus, and after reaching the
BIOS calling program, it returns to the CPU through the LPC bus, the HUB bus, and the FSB bus. The frequency is changed from 533MHz of FSB, 66MHz of HUB to
33MHz of LPC bus.
(3) In the process of decoding, after the data is retrieved from the BIOS, the south bridge converts the data into level signals and transmits them to the north
bridge. After decoding, the north bridge converts the level signals into data and returns them to the CPU.
Therefore, the addressing process of the CPU must satisfy the power supply of the FSB bus, the HUB bus, and the LPC bus, and the clock must be normal. In
addition, the CPU, the North Bridge chipset, the South Bridge chipset and the BIOS itself must be in good condition, and there must be no solder joints or welds.
Otherwise, the CPU addressing process cannot be completed.
3.4.5 Common Faults During Addressing
1. The CPU did not issue an addressing instruction
The main reason is that the working conditions of the CPU are not met, that is, the power supply, clock, and reset signal of the CPU.
Including the CPU itself and the CPU seat false welding. The solution is to replace the CPU or add welding to the CPU socket.
2. The addressing command issued by the CPU does not reach the address line port of the BIOS
The signal transmission of the PCI bus can be monitored through the FRAME frame period signal. If there is a data jump in the FRAME, the FRAME light on
the test card will flash once, indicating that the signal has been sent from the CPU to the North Bridge, and the North Bridge has transmitted the signal to the South
Bridge. The cause of the failure lies in the South Bridge and BIOS. You can replace the BIOS chip and flash the BIOS program. After troubleshooting the BIOS, the
fault is the south bridge; if the FRAME frame period signal does not jump, you can judge through the ready signal of the master and slave devices. If there is no ready
signal of the master device, it means that the fault is in the north bridge. , the master device ready signal is normal, no
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If there is a ready signal from the device, it is generally a failure of the south bridge.
3. Did not return to CPU after calling instruction from BIOS
You can monitor the frame period signal of the FRAME of the PCI bus, if there is a signal jump, it means that the returned instruction
The command has reached the north bridge, if there is no signal jump, focus on checking the BIOS and the south bridge.
3.4.6 Fault judgment of north bridge and south bridge
1. Northbridge's Good and Bad Judgments
Test the capacitance, resistance, and ground resistance of the front and back of the north bridge under static conditions, and all of them cannot be zero or seriously small. The ground
resistance of the north bridge of different notebook computers will be different. Since the interface circuit inside the north bridge communicates data with the CPU, graphics card, south bridge, and
memory at the same time, the resistance values of the capacitors on the four sides of the front of the north bridge to ground will be different.
You can use the address line and data line on the CPU dummy load and memory dummy load to test whether the circuit inside the North Bridge is good.
2. Southbridge's Good and Bad Judgments
Test the capacitance, resistance, and ground resistance of the front and back of the south bridge under static conditions. If the resistance is zero or very small, it means that the chipset of
the south bridge is damaged.
Measure the resistance value of the USB interface data line to the ground. Normally it should be around 600ÿ. If it is seriously small or zero, it means that the internal circuit of the south
bridge is damaged.
3.5 Soft start
Soft start refers to the process in which the CPU executes the POST (power-on self-test) program to perform power-on self-test on the hardware system of the notebook computer. After the
addressing process is completed, the data command returns to the CPU. When the CPU executes the POST power-on self-test program, it checks whether the key devices on the motherboard of
the notebook computer are in good condition and can work normally. The power-on self-test program is the earliest initialization operation for the hardware. Since the key devices of the motherboard
have not been initialized, there is no display when the machine is performing the power-on self-test program. If an error is found in the power-on self-test, the machine will shut down for a serious
fault, and a sound alarm will be prompted, which can also be judged from the code of the test card. For errors of non-critical equipment, the machine displays normally and prompts will be given
on the screen.
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3.5.1 The process of power-on self-test
Step 1: Detect CPU, primary and secondary cache, integrity of north bridge, integrity of south bridge. It is equivalent to the board of directors of a listed company testing the
company's top leaders in accordance with the company's charter, that is, testing the CEO, general manager, and manager.
Step 2: Check if the 64KB base memory is good. When the computer is turned on for the power-on self-test, the
The memory is very small. If no memory is installed at this time or the memory is bad, it will cause the memory to fail the self-test, and the power will not be displayed.
Step 3: Check the graphics card, if the graphics card is bad, it will cause the self-test graphics card to fail, and cause no display after power-on. After the graphics card is
detected, search for the BIOS of the graphics card, initialize the graphics card, test the video memory of the graphics card, synchronize the signal, check the display interface, and
display the relevant information of the laptop motherboard on the screen, such as the manufacturer of the BIOS, the logo, the model of the graphics card, the BIOS type, serial
number, version number, etc.
The above three steps are the most critical three steps in the maintenance, if any one of them cannot be completed, it will cause downtime, resulting in increased
Electricity is not displayed. Each step of self-test passes will consume current. With adjustable power supply monitoring, the pointer of the ammeter will jump three times.
Step 4: Find the BIOS of other devices and call their initialization code to initialize the relevant devices.
Step 5: After finding other devices, the BIOS will display the splash screen and start detecting the extended memory and assigning the corresponding address.
Step 6: Start to detect some standard hardware devices on the notebook computer, whether IDE0 hard disk, IDE1 optical drive, early computer floppy drive, serial port, parallel
port and other devices are installed, as well as the models, parameters and access modes of these devices. If it is not installed or is not installed, the computer will stop at the LOGO
interface and check repeatedly. If an error is found or the hardware does not match, the screen will prompt the user to press the F1 key to continue or an error code will appear to
inform the user.
Step 7: After checking the standard equipment, detect the equipment installed plug and play, and assign interrupt,
DMA channels and interface resources, etc.
Step 8: After all the hardware devices are detected, the computer will clear the screen again and display the detailed configuration list.
Name, model, parameters and other related information.
Step 9: After all the hardware is detected and assigned the corresponding interrupt address, a hardware system is established and an ESCD file is generated, and a new
ESCD file will be generated for comparison with the last ESCD data every time the computer is turned on, twice If there is a difference, the data of ESCD will be automatically updated.
This ESCD file is used to exchange hardware configuration information with the operating system and be called by the operating system. It is stored inside the South Bridge and
powered by a CMOS battery. After shutdown, the ESCD file information will not change will be lost.
Step 10: After the ESCD information is updated, the POST power-on self-test and the interrupt service routine are executed, and the
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Execute the system self-test program, the startup code will guide the operating system according to the specified startup sequence, look for the boot file in the boot drive,
start the operating system from the boot file, and enter the operating system.
3.5.2 Application of soft start in maintenance
(1) After the hard boot is completed, after the CPU is addressed, the CPU executes the POST power-on self-test program, and it cannot be displayed normally
until the key equipment self-test is completed, so if there is an error during the soft boot process or the soft boot If the execution is not completed, the machine will not be
displayed when it is powered on.
(2) Soft start is to self-check the hardware devices and interfaces of the notebook computer hardware system and assign interrupt addresses, establish hardware
system files, exchange hardware information with the operating system, and realize hardware control by the operating system. Therefore, if there is an error when assigning
the interrupt address or the information of the hardware device and the hardware system file does not match, it will cause an error or the corresponding hardware cannot
be used normally.
3.5.3 Troubleshooting of Common Faults of Soft Start
1. Soft start does not start, in service test code shows FF or 00
For the troubleshooting of this kind of fault, it is first necessary to confirm whether the hard start is completed and whether the addressing process is completed.
Whether the hard boot is completed can be confirmed by monitoring the FRAME frame period signal of the PCI bus. The FRMAE frame period signal has a jump, indicating
that the hard start is completed, and the CPU sends out an addressing instruction, and the second flash jump indicates that after addressing, the calling instruction returns
to the North Bridge. Next, you can replace the CPU to eliminate the fault of the CPU itself, flash the BIOS, and judge the problems caused by the BIOS program.
2. The soft start stops during execution, and there will be corresponding codes to prompt during this process
Let's take the BIOS of the IBM T40 notebook computer, check the code card and run the code as an example. Codes 28 to 38 represent memory. Code 28 used
to mean that the memory has not been detected, and the fault is in the first step of self-test. If the code is after 38, it means that the memory has expired. When it reaches
the graphics card, it may be that the graphics card is not working or the graphics card is damaged. If it is an integrated graphics card, it is caused by the Northbridge.
(1) The first self-test of soft start fails. The first self-test is the CPU itself, the integrity of the Northbridge and Southbridge. Special attention should be paid to IBM
X31, T30, and T40. They are all independent security chips. Full access to the Good Run 87. The first step is self-test, but focus on checking the CPU itself, the South
Bridge and the BIOS program.
(2) In the second self-test of soft start, there will be corresponding code prompts in the memory. If the BIOS of some notebooks is different, the running code is
different, and it cannot be distinguished, you can judge by unplugging and watching the code changes, unplugging the offspring of the memory
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If there is no change in the code, it means that the memory has not been detected by self-test. After the memory is removed, if the code changes, it means that the self-test has detected the memory.
Memory self-test However, the focus is on checking the memory itself, such as weak soldering of the memory slot, damage to the BIOS program, damage to the memory management circuit inside the
north bridge, etc.
(3) The third step of soft start is to self-check the graphics card. The self-test of the graphics card should focus on checking, flashing the BIOS to eliminate the failure of the graphics card
caused by the damage of the BIOS, and then check whether the components on the front and back of the graphics card are off, and then check the graphics card itself.
3. During the execution of the soft start, the machine displays an error due to hardware errors or inconsistencies
(1) If the wireless network card of IBM's notebook computer T4 series and R5 series is not original, it will cause 1802 error
Bit errors can be resolved by replacing the original wireless network card or using a program.
(2) For IBM T43 and R52, the microcode of the hard disk is written in the BIOS program when leaving the factory, so if it is not the original
Installing a hard disk will report a 2010 error, which can be resolved by replacing the original hard disk or flashing a lower version of BIOS.
(3) Most of Toshiba's laptops will report IDE errors if they are not connected to an optical drive or hard disk, causing a downtime.
(4) A keyboard error will be reported if the keyboard of Acer, Lenovo, HP and other laptops is damaged.
1. The IBM T42 notebook computer sent for repair by the peer does not display when it is powered on
According to the introduction of the colleague, the original fault when the customer sent it for repair was that it was not displayed when the power was turned on. The colleague disassembled the machine for overhaul, and the power supply was normal.
When diagnosing with the test card, there is no clock, and the reset light is not on.
Disassemble the machine and take off the main board for visual inspection. There are no traces of water ingress, burn marks, or soldering marks on the main board, which shows that what the
colleague said is basically true. For machines that do not display when powered on, the ground resistance of static key test points is the first step in our detection. Next, we use a multimeter to test the
key test points on the main board. The resistance of the common point to ground is 480ÿ, 3.3V, 5V The ground resistance of the inductance is around 100ÿ, the resistance of the 1.2V, 1.05V, 1.8V, 1.5V,
2.5V, and 1.25V inductors to the ground is normal, and the resistance of the CPU power supply inductor to the ground is also normal. Then check the north and south bridges, The capacitors behind
the graphics card have normal resistance to ground.
No faults were found under static conditions, and the next power-on test. When testing in standby mode, the 3.3V on the motherboard of the laptop,
5V is normal, 1.2V and 1.8V voltages are normal, and the RTVCC power supply of the South Bridge is also normal. Use an oscilloscope to measure the 32.768kHz crystal oscillator of the South Bridge
to oscillate with a standard sine wave at both ends. Use a multimeter to short-circuit the 19th pin of the keyboard interface and turn it on, and test that the subsequent outputs of 3.3V and 5V are normal,
and the voltage outputs of 2.5V, 1.25V, 1.8V, 1.5V, 1.2V, and 1.05V are normal, and then measure the inductance of the CPU The voltages are all normal. If you touch the south bridge, north bridge,
and graphics card with your hands, there is no obvious fever, and the temperature is normal.
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The power supply of each channel is normal, and then it is necessary to follow the sequence of the work process of the hard start, power supply-clock-reset to check in sequence, after
the power supply is normal, it is necessary to check whether the power supply signal of the CPU is normal. Measure pin 17 of ADP3025, for
3.3V high level means that the power supply signal of the CPU is good and the PG signal is normal. Since this signal goes directly to the south bridge without passing through other components,
we confirm that the south bridge has received the power signal from the CPU. Next, check whether the south bridge sends out CPU_STOP and PCI_STOP, which can pass pin 53 and pin 34 of the
clock chip U2, and find that they are both low level, which should be high level normally. After power off, test again, the ground resistance of pin 53 and pin 34 of the U2 clock chip is normal,
carefully check that the U2 clock chip is not soldered, and there is no bulge or burn mark, so it can be judged that there is no problem with the U2 clock chip itself. Since the south bridge received
the power good signal from the CPU, but the south bridge did not send CPU_STOP and PCI_STOP, it is judged that the power-on caused by the damage of the internal circuit of the south bridge
is not displayed.
IBM T42 uses 82801DBM south bridge. We bought a brand new 82801 DBM south bridge to replace. Since the failure phenomenon is not displayed when the customer sends it for repair,
it is necessary to tell the customer when replacing the south bridge with BGA. risky. Generally speaking, the welding success rate of replacing 82801DBM is 98%. It is possible that after replacing
the south bridge, it will cause no power supply. The uncontrollable factor is the missing pad on the main board. It must be noted that when replacing the south bridge, after cooling down, it is
necessary to measure the relevant resistance to ground first under static conditions, and make sure that the value is normal before connecting to the test. When the south bridge is replaced, after
the motherboard cools down to 80°C, remove the motherboard from the BGA device, and use a multimeter to test the ground resistance of the 3.3V and 5V inductors, which are 97ÿ and 120ÿ,
and the resistance of the USB port to ground is 580ÿ. All normal.
Next, connect the power supply interface, install the CPU, CPU fan, and memory, insert the test card, connect the LCD screen, short-circuit the 19th pin of the keyboard interface, and
turn on the machine. The pointer of the power supply ammeter starts to rise, and the clock light on the test card is always on. The reset light flashes once, the code card starts to jump, and the
pointer of the ammeter rises three times, and the familiar IBM LOGO interface appears in front of our eyes. Then install, test, everything is normal.
Fault summary: For laptop faults that are not displayed after power-on, we need to detect them according to the working order of hard start. In static state, we need to detect the
resistance value of key test points to ground. In dynamic state, when the power supply of each circuit is normal, It is necessary to trace the PG signal generated by the CPU unit circuit, and then
trace whether the clock chip receives CPU_STOP and PCI_STOP. The failure of the notebook computer to be powered on is due to the damage of the internal circuit of the south bridge, which did
not send out the CPU_STOP and PCI_STOP signals.
2. The Lenovo E43L notebook computer sent for repair by the peer does not display a fault when it is powered on
The Lenovo E43L notebook computer sent for repair by the peer does not display when it is powered on. According to a colleague, the customer did not turn on the power due to water
ingress when the customer sent it for repair. The colleague disassembled the laptop, dried the motherboard of the laptop, and then turned on the power. All voltages were available, and the pointer
of the ammeter was around 0.5A. However, the display does not appear when the power is turned on. In desperation, the colleague changed the EC, and the south bridge still did not display when
the power was turned on. He was unwilling to give up, so he sent for help.
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According to the maintenance process introduced by the peers, it can be determined that the motherboard of the notebook computer has failed. Disassemble the
laptop, remove the main board, carefully observe the main board of the laptop, there is indeed a slight trace of water ingress, especially around the clock chip, it is more
obvious, other places may be cleaned relatively cleanly, it is not obvious. The EC has traces of welding, and the south bridge also has traces of welding. Use the diode of
the multimeter to measure the key test points and common points of the notebook computer motherboard, and the inductance-to-ground resistance of each unit circuit is
normal.
The cause of the fault was not found under static conditions. Confirm that there is no short circuit on the motherboard of the notebook computer. Adjust the
adjustable power supply to 19V, limit the current to 3A, connect the adjustable power supply, press the switch, and the pointer of the ammeter will not move when it
reaches 0.5A. up. It is normal to measure the inductance voltage of each unit circuit, so it can be confirmed that the power supply is normal, and it should be a signal failure.
Find the clock chip U8 (ICS9LPRS365B) and the reference clock crystal oscillator Y3 on the main board, connect the adjustable power supply and turn it on, and
measure the reference clock crystal oscillator Y3 with an oscilloscope. There is no waveform, and there should be a 32.768kHz sine wave normally. Then test the clock
chip control signal 38-pin PM_STPPCI# is PCI and 37-pin PM_STPCPU# is normal, 56-pin CK_PWRGD/PD# is also normal, as shown in Figure 3-34.
Figure 3-34 Lenovo E43L laptop clock chip
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The control signals of the clock chip are normal, and the clock crystal oscillator does not vibrate, so it can be judged that the clock chip is damaged or the crystal oscillator is damaged.
damage. If the clock crystal on the motherboard of the notebook computer does not vibrate, it is mostly caused by damage to the clock chip.
Find a clock chip of the same type from the material board. After replacing it, turn it on again and test it again. Use an oscilloscope to measure the reference clock crystal oscillator Y3. The sine
wave of 32.768kHz is normal. After power off, install the memory and connect the LCD screen. After restarting the test, there were three jumps on the pointer of the adjustable power supply to 0.8A, and the
familiar Lenovo LOGO appeared in front of our eyes.
Fault summary: The Lenovo E43L notebook computer that was sent for repair by the peer did not show a fault when it was powered on due to a damaged clock chip. This fault tells us that when
encountering a laptop computer that is not powered on, do not change the EC indiscriminately. The bridge must be tested according to the process of hard start, whether the power supply of each circuit on
the motherboard of the notebook computer is normal, whether the clock circuit is working normally, and then check whether the reset signal is normal.
3. The Founder E150 notebook computer sent for repair by the peer does not display when it is powered on
The Founder E150 notebook computer that was sent for repair by the same company, the fault phenomenon is that it does not display when it is powered on. Before disassembling the machine,
unplug the battery and hard disk, adjust the adjustable power supply to 19V, limit the current to 2A, press the switch, and the pointer of the ammeter rises to 0.4 If A does not move, it is obvious that the
laptop has not started to perform soft start. It can be determined that the fault is caused by the motherboard of the laptop, and it needs to be disassembled to repair it.
Disassemble the laptop, take out the motherboard, and carefully observe that there is no liquid, burnt marks or corrosion on the motherboard.
Phenomenon. Use the diode of the multimeter to measure the ground resistance of key test points such as the 3V and 5V inductors, the inductors for power supply in groups, the inductors for CPU power
supply, and the capacitors on the front and back of the North and South Bridges on the motherboard of the notebook computer.
No fault point was found under static conditions. Connect the adjustable power supply, press the switch, and test the voltage of key test points on the motherboard of the notebook computer with
the DC voltage of the multimeter. The output of 3.3V and 5V is normal, and the output of memory power supply 2.5V and 1.25V is normal. , The 1.8V output of the power supply of the South Bridge or the
North Bridge is normal, the 1.05V output of the power supply of the CPU EC and the North Bridge is normal, and the 0.97V output of the CPU core power supply is normal. When the power is turned on,
various voltages on the motherboard of the notebook computer are measured, and they are all normal. Plug in MNIPCI diagnostic card, test card monitoring, REST reset signal is normal, there is no frame
period signal, the code directly displays 55, indicating that there is no running code. Test with CPU dummy load with light, CPU reset and clock signal are normal. Therefore, it can be determined that the
completion of the hard boot on the notebook motherboard is due to a failure in the addressing process.
The power supply, clock, and reset of the CPU are all normal. Put the CPU on another motherboard and test it to confirm that the CPU is in good condition. According to the addressing process of
the notebook computer, the working process is that the CPU issues addressing instructions, passing through the north bridge, south Bridge, calls the power-on self-test program from BECS, and then
returns to CPU from South Bridge and North Bridge, so the relevant chipsets involved in the CPU addressing process are North Bridge, South Bridge, and BECS. We use the test card to detect that there is
no frame period signal, that is to say, there is no addressing instruction transmission on the bus of the North Bridge and the South Bridge. It is necessary to judge whether it is the failure of the north bridge
or the failure of the south bridge.
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Next, use an oscilloscope to test the 62-pin master device ready IRDY signal and the 66-pin slave device ready TRDY signal on the MNIPCI interface. Through the test, it is found that the
ready signal of the 62-pin master device is abnormally high, and the slave device ready signal of the 66-pin is low normally. Therefore, it can be judged that the failure is caused by the
Northbridge chipset.
The SIS chipset used in the Northbridge chipset of this laptop is determined to be the fault caused by the Northbridge chipset. Use the diode block of the multimeter to carefully
check the positive and negative capacitance of the north bridge and the resistance of FL to ground. They are all normal, indicating that there is no short circuit inside the chipset. If all the
voltages required by the north bridge are normal after power-on test, there are two possibilities, one is that the north bridge chipset is weakly soldered, and the other is that the north bridge
chipset is damaged. Therefore, we decided to solder the Northbridge chipset first, remove the stickers on the motherboard of the laptop, and remove the CMOS battery, CPU, and memory.
Fix the motherboard to the BGA, heat it to 195°C, keep the temperature for 60s, and stop. After the BGA temperature drops below 100°C, remove the laptop motherboard, install the CPU,
CMOS battery and memory, connect the LCD screen, and connect Turn on the adjustable power supply and start the test. After the pointer of the ammeter rises to 0.6A, there are obvious
three jumps, and then the familiar Founder LOGO appears on the LCD screen. Installed, copied, everything is normal.
Fault summary: Founder E150 notebook computer cannot complete the addressing process due to the faulty soldering of the north bridge, resulting in no display after power-on.
The difficulty in repairing the failure of this laptop is to judge the failure caused by the Northbridge core group by testing the ready signal of the main device.
4. IBM T61 laptop does not display fault when it is powered on
The fault phenomenon of the IBM T61 notebook computer sent by the customer for repair is that the LCD screen has a backlight and a gray screen when it is turned on.
Remove the hard disk and battery, adjust the adjustable power supply to 20V, limit the current to 3A, connect the adjustable power supply, press the switch, the ammeter indicates
The needle rises to about 1A, jumps three times in a row, and the LCD screen is gray. After shutting down, use an oscilloscope to check the resistance on the memory, and then turn it
on again for testing. The waveform on the memory jumps three times and then a sawtooth wave appears. According to the jump of the ammeter pointer of the adjustable power supply and
the waveform tested on the oscilloscope, it can be judged that the laptop motherboard has performed three self-tests when it is turned on. According to the soft-start process of the laptop
computer, the laptop has three self-tests when it is turned on. The first self-test CPU, North Bridge, South Bridge, the second self-test memory, the third self-test graphics card, the LCD
screen will display after the graphics card self-test, and then self-test expansion memory, when self-test expansion memory The oscilloscope will detect a sawtooth wave on the memory.
Now there is a gray screen on the LCD screen of the notebook computer, indicating that there is a backlight, and the image signal output by the graphics card is abnormal. Therefore, it is
preliminarily judged that the graphics card is weakly soldered. Because the graphics card of the IBM T61 laptop is glued inside, many friends are unsuccessful when soldering with BGA
equipment because the temperature curve is set incorrectly, which will cause a short circuit on the graphics card.
Ask the students to disassemble the laptop independently and remove the motherboard to make BGA. It must be noted that for all graphics cards with internal glue, the solder
balls inside the graphics card are all lead-free solder balls. If the lead-free solder balls are to be melted more quickly Thoroughly, inside the graphics card
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The glue in the graphics card will expand due to the high temperature, and the solder ball inside the graphics card will be squeezed out, causing a short circuit in the graphics card.
Set the temperature curve of the BGA, the bottom temperature is up to 185°C, the upper part temperature reaches 160°C in the first temperature section, and keeps the
temperature for 35s. Since the upper part only heats the part of the graphics card, while the lower part heats the entire motherboard, the temperature rise of the lower part is much slower
than that of the upper part. Therefore, when making BGA, the motherboard will be deformed due to uneven heating up and down, so when heating During the process, it is necessary to
wait for the temperature of the lower part to rise to about 160°C before turning on the temperature of the upper part. Start the BGA equipment, press the RUN button when the upper
temperature is around 70°C to keep the upper temperature of the BGA constant at 70°C, and when the bottom temperature reaches about 160°C, turn on the upper temperature. , stop
heating, let BGA cool down automatically. After cooling down, use the diode of the multimeter to measure the resistance to ground of the graphics card power supply. After confirming
that there is no short circuit, install the CPU and memory, connect the laptop LCD screen and turn it on. The long-lost IBM interface appears.
Fault summary: IBM T61 notebook computer has a backlight but no image fault on the LCD screen due to the weak soldering of the graphics card. Difficulty in maintenance 1.
Through the inspection of the adjustable power supply and the oscilloscope, it is judged that the three self-inspections of the notebook computer have been completed, and it is judged
that the graphics card is faulty. Maintenance Difficulty 2: The glue inside the graphics card of the T61 notebook computer requires an appropriate temperature curve to weld successfully.
If the temperature is too high, the glue inside the graphics card will expand and cause beading.
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Chapter 4 Use of Maintenance Tools
This chapter mainly explains the use of notebook computer maintenance tools - adjustable power supply and test card. Through the study
of this chapter, readers will master the methods of using adjustable power supply and test card to judge and analyze various common faults of
notebook computers.
Advanced Course in Laptop Repair (Chip Level) (2nd Edition)
4.1 Use of adjustable power supply
This section mainly explains the common changes of ammeter pointer when using adjustable power supply to monitor the operation of notebook computer
in maintenance, and use it to judge various failures of notebook computer. To learn how to use the adjustable power supply to judge the fault of the notebook
computer, you must first clearly understand the power-on sequence and self-test sequence when the notebook computer is turned on, so before reading this
chapter, you must first read the power supply part of the notebook computer Hard boot and soft boot chapters for laptops.
4.1.1 Working principle of adjustable power supply
The adjustable power supply is actually a transformer, with a voltmeter and an ammeter connected in parallel, which can display the output voltage and
current values. The output voltage can be adjusted by adjusting the voltage knob, and the output current can also be limited by adjusting the current knob. The
magnitude of the output current varies with the consumption of the load, and the current value is the current value of the load. If the notebook computer is powered
by an adjustable power supply, and the ammeter shows 2A, it means that the current of the notebook computer is 2A. When the notebook computer is turned on,
with the normal operation of each unit circuit and each step of self-test, the current consumption will increase, which will be reflected by the change of the ammeter
pointer.
There is a protection circuit inside the adjustable power supply. When the load current reaches the preset current value, the internal circuit will automatically
cut off the output, and there will be a corresponding prompt. Therefore, the adjustable power supply can be used to repair the notebook computer without
disassembling Sometimes, you can set a value when you are not sure whether there is a short circuit. When the current reaches this value, it will be warned by the
indicator light or the pointer, so as to avoid burning the motherboard due to the continuous increase of the current.
4.1.2 Types and selection of adjustable power supply
(1) According to the different displays of the ammeter and voltmeter, it can be divided into two types: digital display and pointer type, as shown in Figure 4-1
and Figure 4-2. The adjustable power supply of the digital display is to display the specific current or voltage in the form of numbers, which can be accurate to two
decimal places, so that the displayed numbers are more accurate. The adjustable power supply of the pointer is to display the specific current or voltage in the form
of pointer indication. There is a certain error in the current or voltage it points to. The pointer points to 16V, which may actually be between 15.80 and 16V.
(2) The adjustable power supply can be divided into 30V/10A, 30V/5A, 30V/3A, 20V/3A,
10/2A (the voltage and current here refer to the maximum output of the adjustable power supply) 5 types.
(3) When repairing and testing notebook computer circuits, it is recommended that you choose a 30V/3A pointer-type adjustable power supply. Generally,
the voltage required by a notebook computer will not exceed 25V, so 30V is enough. Also, when the laptop is powered on
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The current of 3A is also sufficient during the process, and the smaller the A number of the ammeter, the higher the accuracy of the pointer scale, so that slight current changes can
be observed. Due to the design of the adjustable power supply, it is recommended that you do not use the adjustable power supply for long-term machine testing, which will
aggravate the damage of the adjustable power supply.
Figure 4-1 Digital adjustable power supply Figure 4-2 Pointer adjustable power supply
4.1.3 Preparations for using an adjustable power supply
1. Eliminate the interference of peripherals on the laptop power system
When overhauling the whole notebook computer, if you are not sure whether there is a short circuit on the mainboard of the notebook computer, you should unplug the
notebook peripherals, battery, optical drive, hard disk, etc. first. Unplugging the battery and optical drive is mainly to prevent interference to the notebook computer circuit system
and affect judgment; unplugging the hard disk is mainly to prevent hard disk damage and data loss caused by repeated switching tests.
2. Adjust the appropriate voltage and limit the current according to the needs of the laptop
Adjust the output voltage value of the adjustable power supply according to the prompt voltage of the D case of the notebook computer. If the voltage is too high or too low,
it will cause the protection of the mainboard power system of the notebook computer and misjudge the fault. If it is too high, it may even cause the mainboard to be burned and
expand the fault. Except that IBM's power supply system can withstand the floating voltage of 2V, most brand computers will cause power protection and not power on if the floating
voltage exceeds 2V. Limit the output current of the ammeter pointer to about 2A.
4.1.4 Use the adjustable power supply to judge the common faults of the notebook computer
When the notebook computer is turned on, the work of each circuit on the main board will start each circuit one by one according to the corresponding power-on sequence,
and it will also follow the corresponding sequence during the power-on self-test. Therefore, when the switch is turned on, due to the work As the circuit continues to increase, the
current will continue to increase, and the number of devices that pass the self-test will continue to increase, and the current will also continue to increase. When the machine self-tests
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After completion, the current will reach a certain value. During the detection, according to the current value displayed by the adjustable power supply, it can be judged which circuits are working,
which circuits are not working, which devices have passed the self-test and which have not passed the self-test during the startup process of the laptop, so as to find out the cause of the laptop.
cause of failure.
1. Fault Analysis of Notebook Computer in Standby
Connect the adjustable power supply and do not press the power switch. At this time, the notebook computer should be in the standby state under normal circumstances. The current
is very small. The normal current value is 0.01-0.06A, most of which are around 0.02A, and very few machines may to 0.08A, can be confirmed by pressing the switch. For various common
faults in maintenance, the adjustable power pointer will have the following changes.
(1) The pointer of the ammeter of the adjustable power supply increases instantaneously
Fault analysis: The pointer of the ammeter increases instantly and reaches the full scale of the meter, indicating that the main power supply circuit system of the notebook computer is
seriously short-circuited. If the main power supply of the notebook computer is 16V, we call it a 16V short circuit, which is the first on the mainboard of the notebook computer. The primary circuit
is short-circuited, or the part connected to the primary circuit is short-circuited.
The cause of the failure is as follows.
The power port in the laptop protection circuit is damaged, the filter capacitor is broken down, and the Zener diode is broken down.
After the common point, all unit circuits connected to the common point include standby circuit, 3V, 5V unit circuit, north and south bridge, memory power supply unit circuit, CPU
power supply unit circuit, charge and discharge management unit circuit, high voltage board power supply circuit on the LCD screen, etc. The filter capacitor and MOS tube in the
battery are damaged.
The way to find out the point of failure is as follows.
Use a multimeter to block the diode and measure the resistance to ground. First eliminate the short circuit through three test points, the first point is the power port, the second point is
the common point, and the third point is the inductance of each unit circuit, and judge whether there is a short circuit one by one. If the short circuit at the first point is relatively simple, check the
filter capacitors connected nearby, the Zener diode and the power port itself, and eliminate them one by one. If the common point of the second point is short-circuited, it is relatively complicated,
because there are many circuits and electronic components connected to the common point. In summary, there are two situations as follows, one is that the filter capacitor is damaged, and the
other is that the MOS tube is damaged. To distinguish these two situations, it must be determined by measuring the third point. If the third point is not short-circuited, it can be determined to be
connected to the common point. The filter capacitor is short-circuited. If there is a short circuit at the third point, check the MOS tubes of the corresponding unit circuit, especially pay attention to
the main power supply filter capacitors and step-down dual MOS tubes of the north-south bridge, memory, and graphics card power supply unit circuits.
The main power supply filter capacitors of Lenovo and Hewlett-Packard's north-south bridges and memory power supply unit circuits are often damaged, and the main power supply
filter capacitors of Dell's notebook computer CPU are often damaged and cause short circuits.
The dual MOS tubes of the 1.25V generating circuit of the IBM T4 notebook computer are easily damaged.
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(2) The pointer current of the adjustable power supply current is larger than the normal value (0.08ÿ0.2A)
Fault analysis: The ammeter pointer is larger than the normal value, indicating that the standby current is too large, and there may be a short circuit in the protection isolation circuit or
the standby circuit itself.
The standby circuit itself is short-circuited.
Chips that require standby voltage may have micro-short problems.
Use the diode of the multimeter to test whether the resistance to ground of the standby voltage output terminal is normal. The abnormal resistance of the output terminal is mostly
caused by internal micro-short circuits such as the South Bridge and Super I/O. If the output resistance is normal, check whether there is a micro short circuit in the standby circuit. Most of the
notebook computers now use 3V and 5V generated by 3V and 5V unit circuits as the standby power supply, so it is only necessary to measure the power supply inductance of 3V and 5V to
determine whether there is a short circuit in the standby circuit. If there is a micro-short circuit in the 3V, 5V unit circuit and the previous circuit, the 3V, 5V power supply will not be generated.
Generally, 80801DBM has more micro-short circuits in the south bridge. If the standby current of Lenovo Rising Sun 125 is 0.08A, it is mostly a micro-short circuit in the south bridge. If
the standby current of IBM T4 series and R5 series is 0.2A, it is mostly a micro-short circuit in the south bridge.
The I/O integration of PC97551 and PC87951 is relatively high, integrating boot, keyboard management, and power management; Lenovo Asahi
On the 125, the standby current is 0.15A, and the I/O is hot. The Acer 4520 has a standby current of 0.2A, and the I/O is hot.
(3) The pointer of the adjustable power supply goes up slightly, and then returns to 0
Fault analysis: It means that the standby circuit on the mainboard of the notebook computer and the circuit before the standby circuit are protected. Under normal circumstances, there
will not be a large increase. When it returns to 0, it means that the notebook power system is protected.
How to find out the fault point: first check whether the input voltage meets the voltage required for the normal operation of the notebook computer, and then check whether the output
of the standby circuit on the motherboard of the notebook computer, the standby circuit itself and the previous circuit are short-circuited.
(4) The adjustable power pointer does not respond
Fault analysis: After confirming that the power input is normal, in order to prevent misjudgment, press the power switch of the notebook computer to confirm, but there is still no
response, indicating that the standby circuit of the mainboard circuit of the notebook computer is not working, and it may be that the protective isolation circuit before the standby circuit is not
normal work, and cause the standby circuit to not work.
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Detect whether the protective isolation circuit on the notebook motherboard is open, and then check whether the standby circuit works normally.
2. Common Faults When Starting a Laptop
Connect the adjustable power supply, press the power switch after the standby is normal, each unit circuit on the main board will work in turn, the circuit with large
current consumption will work, it is more obvious when the power is turned on, the 3V and 5V unit circuits work first, and then the CPU The circuit of the power supply unit, after
the power supply system works normally, the CPU starts addressing, and enters the self-test after calling the BIOS data. The current consumption during the self-test is relatively
large, which can be clearly seen from the ammeter. The first time is to self-test the CPU north and south bridges, the second time is to self-test the memory, and the third time is
to self-test the graphics card. According to the common faults in repairing laptops, the pointer of the ammeter will have the following phenomena.
(1) After pressing the switch, the pointer of the ammeter does not respond
Fault analysis: After the switch is pressed, the switch will generate a low level to trigger the start-up circuit, the start-up circuit will output a control signal to control the
normal output of the 3V and 5V unit circuits, and the ammeter pointer will rise. If the pointer does not move, it indicates that the 3V and 5V unit circuits are not working. The reason
may be that there is a problem with the power-on circuit, or there is a serious short circuit in the subsequent output of the 3V and 5V unit circuits. This failure is called a non-trigger.
How to find out the fault point: the first step is to measure whether there is voltage on the switch and whether the switch is good. Check whether there is a disconnection
between the switch and the boot chip, pay special attention to the connection between the independent switch board and the main board, whether the interface contact between
the switch board and the main board is normal, you can directly short the pins of the switch to see if it can No power on.
The second step is to check whether the CMOS battery is charged, unplug the CMOS battery and discharge it, the purpose is to clear the CMOS error
Power protection caused by misinformation, which is a common failure of Sony and Asus machines.
The third step is to check the working conditions of the South Bridge, test whether there is a short circuit between the components connected to the front and back of the South Bridge, and test the USB port.
Whether the resistance value of the signal line to ground is normal. Check whether the standby voltage of the south bridge is normal, and check whether the crystal oscillator next to the south bridge starts to oscillate.
The fourth step is to check whether the super IO of the integrated boot circuit has weak soldering, continuous soldering, bulging, etc. The commonly used boot chipsets
of Lenovo, HP, Acer, and various brands of notebook computers are as follows: Founder, Qixi multi-purpose PC97551 and PC87951 chips; IBM T4 series, T6 series use IBM PM,
TB62501, H8 three chip combination; Sony, NEC, Samsung multi-use super I/O H8 chip, Shenzhou multi-use IT8510 chip.
The fifth step is to check whether there is a short circuit in the 3V, 5V unit circuit system itself, and the output successor.
Vulnerable components:
The switch in the boot circuit is damaged, and the machines of HP and Lenovo are more damaged.
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The switch cable is broken, which is more common in Sony S16C, 26C, and 36C machines.
The typical representative of poor contact between the switch board interface and the main board is the Dell D600 and D500 machines.
820801DBM type south bridge is fragile.
The super I/O is easy to be soldered, and damage is common in PC97551, PC87951, and IT8510E.
(2) Press the switch and the pointer of the ammeter tends to rise, and then returns to 0A
Fault analysis: After pressing the switch, the pointer of the ammeter tends to rise, indicating that the boot circuit has been triggered, and the control signal has been output
to control the subsequent output of the 3V and 5V circuits, but the output cannot be normal, and the power system is protected. Note that this will also be the case if the adjustable
power supply is limited to 0A.
How to find the point of failure:
The first step is to check whether the subsequent outputs of the 3V and 5V circuits are short-circuited, and you can find out by measuring the resistance to ground with a
multimeter diode.
In the second step, check whether there is a short circuit in the CPU unit circuit.
The third step is to check whether the super IO has continuous welding or false welding.
The fourth step is to check whether there is a micro-short circuit between the front and back of the north and south bridges and the graphics card.
The fifth step, if the machine has been installed, check whether the insulation is good.
(3) Press the pointer of the switch ammeter and stop at 0.4A
Fault analysis: After pressing the switch, the pointer of the ammeter reaches 0.4A, indicating that the 3V and 5V unit circuits are working normally.
But the circuit of the CPU power supply unit does not work, so it is necessary to check the circuit of the CPU power supply unit.
How to find out the fault point: use a multimeter to measure whether the 3V and 5V unit circuits are working normally, measure whether the power supply voltage of the
CPU unit circuit is 0V, and further judge whether the CPU power supply chip is soldered or not, and whether the control signal of the CPU power supply unit circuit is normal.
Whether the MOS tube resistance of the CPU power supply unit circuit is normal.
Welding of CPU power supply chip: If the CPU power supply chip with pins on the four sides is not glued, it is easy to be welded; the CPU power supply chip ADP3205
used by Lenovo Rising Sun 150, IBM R50, and IBM R51 is easy to be welded; the ADP3207 used by IBM T60 is glued around Not easy to solder.
The CPU power supply unit circuit lacks control signals, Lenovo, HP, and Shenzhou often lack control signals due to super I/O solder joints.
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The CPU power supply unit circuit lacks the internal exciter 5V power supply.
(4) Press the power switch and the pointer of the ammeter rises to 0.4~1A, and then returns to 0A
Fault analysis: Press the power switch and the current pointer rises first and then returns to 0A. This kind of fault is called power-on power-off.
How to find the point of failure:
The first step is to check whether the current limit of the power supply causes the output current of the adjustable power supply to be insufficient and cause power failure. Pay
special attention to machines using AMD CPUs. Asus, Lenovo and other machines have relatively high current requirements. Use the original power supply to start the test after confirming
that the motherboard is not short-circuited.
The second step is to check whether the CPU power supply chip is soldered or not, resulting in insufficient output power and causing power failure for protection.
The third step is to check whether the power supply chips of the 3V and 5V unit circuits are soldered or not, causing the output to lose power due to the immobile load.
The fourth step is to check whether the super I/O is soldered or not, causing discontinuity of the control signal of the 3V, 5V unit circuit or the CPU power supply unit circuit.
The fifth step is to check whether the installed notebook is not in place or the insulation is not good.
(5) Press the power switch and the pointer of the ammeter rises to 0.6-0.8A and stops
Fault analysis: Press the power switch, the pointer of the ammeter reaches 0.6~0.8A, indicating that the 3V and 5V unit circuits of the notebook circuit are working normally, and
the circuits of the north and south bridges, memory, graphics card power supply and CPU power supply unit are also normal. Next, check the signal, clock, reset, CPU addressing, call
the BIOS and then self-test, focusing on checking whether the CPU clock and reset are normal.
How to find the point of failure? It is recommended to cooperate with the diagnostic card of the notebook at this time to see if the clock and reset signal are normal. The
diagnostic card is used to run the code. For details, see the use part of the notebook test card.
(6) Press the power switch until the pointer of the ammeter reaches 0.8A, swing up once and stop
Fault analysis: It means that the power supply of the notebook circuit is normal. Swinging up once means that there has been a self-test, and stopping still means that the first
self-test has failed, so it is necessary to focus on checking the CPU, BIOS, South Bridge, and North Bridge. This is recommended At this time, cooperate with the diagnostic card of the
notebook to see if the clock and reset signal are normal, and use the diagnostic card to run the code. See the Use of Notebook Test Cards section.
(7) Press the power switch until the pointer of the ammeter reaches 0.8A, swing up twice and stop
Fault analysis: It means that the power supply of the notebook circuit is normal, swinging up twice means that there have been two self-tests, stop
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If it does not move, it means that the memory self-test fails.
Solution: Replace a memory that is confirmed to be good, check whether the memory interface is soldered, check whether the power supply of the memory is normal,
Re-flash the BIOS, replace the Northbridge, etc.
(8) Press the power switch until the pointer of the ammeter reaches 0.8A, swing up three times and stop
Fault Analysis: At this time, you need to connect an external VGA monitor to see if it can be displayed normally. Explain Notebook Circuit
The power supply of the graphics card is normal. If it is turned up three times, it means that there have been three self-tests. If it stops still, it means that the graphics card has failed the self-test.
Solution: First check whether the power supply of the graphics card is normal, whether the corresponding signal is normal, check whether the graphics card has solder
joints, re-flash the BIOS or replace the graphics card.
4.2 Use of Test Cards
This section mainly describes the use of the miniPCI test card in notebook computer maintenance. The focus of this section is to use the test card to diagnose notebook
computer failures. The difficulty is to judge the notebook computer failure through the display of the indicator lights and displayed codes on the notebook test card. , the two-in-one
test card is shown in Figure 4-3, and the indicator lights on the test card are shown in Figure 4-4.
Figure 4-3 2-in-1 test card Figure 4-4 Indicator lights on the test card
4.2.1 miniPCI Test Card

1. Parallel port and miniPCI slot on the same card
The parallel port is mainly measured with a test card when the machine is not disassembled, because the parallel port does not have a 5V power supply and needs to be borrowed from the USB
The 5V power supply voltage of the port, the parallel port slot test and the miniPCI slot test are shown in Figure 4-5 and Figure 4-6 respectively.
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Figure 4-5 Parallel socket test Figure 4-6 miniPCI slot test
2. What do the 4 lights on the test card represent?
There are 4 indicator lights on the test card, all of which are light-emitting diodes. They will light up when there is a corresponding signal, and can also display the code
code. The function of each indicator light is as follows.
(1) 3.3V indicator, this light indicates normal output of 3.3V and 5V, this indicator light should always be on after pressing the switch (unless its light-emitting diode is
broken).
(2) CLK clock light, this light indicates that the clock is working normally and has been output normally, as long as this light is on, we think the clock system is normal.
However, it does not mean that the south bridge, north bridge, and CPU all have clocks. For example, the north and south bridges may be soldered incorrectly, and the CPU
may also be soldered incorrectly, or the wires from the clock to these chipsets may be disconnected.
(3) RESET reset light, press the switch under normal circumstances, it should flash once, indicating that the reset is normal. If the reset light is always on, or it is not
on, or it is on for a long time, it means there is a problem. First check the network card, PC card bus, and I/O for micro-short circuits. If it is hot, it can be determined that the
south bridge is broken. For example, if the reset light of X40 is always on, it means that the south bridge is broken. Most of the laptops whose south bridge is 82801DBM are
damaged because of the south bridge. Machines such as Lenovo, Hewlett-Packard, and Dell may also cause abnormal recovery circuits due to weak soldering of PC97551 or
PC879851.
(4) FRAME frame cycle light, this light means that the power supply, clock and reset from the CPU are normal, the CPU starts to work, the first step is addressing, the
CPU has sent a signal to the North Bridge, and the North Bridge has also sent a signal to the South Bridge . Under normal circumstances, it should flash once first, and then
flash several times continuously. The following flashes are when the machine is performing self-inspection, and the CPU transmits signals through the north bridge. If there is
no memory, sometimes this light will flash for a while and then stay on.
4.2.2 Analysis of test card codes
Running 00 and FF more means that you need to check the status of several indicator lights when you are not running codes.
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(1) If only the 3.3V indicator light is on, check the CPU power supply and the power supply of the south bridge and north bridge memory first, and judge
Working conditions of North and South Bridges, CPU and clock chips.
(2) If the 3.3V and CLK indicators are on, but the RESET indicator is off or always on, it means that the machine has not been reset. The reason may be that the south
bridge is not normal, or it may be caused by the peripherals connected to the reset of the south bridge. The faults need to be eliminated one by one, focusing on checking the I/
O, PC card bus, network card, and sound card that need to be reset.
(3) If the 3.3V, CLK and RESET indicators are all on, but the FRAME indicator is off, it may be that the working conditions of the CPU are not satisfied, for example, the
reset signal from the north bridge to the CPU is not there. If there is no reset signal, it may be that the north bridge or the CPU socket is weakly welded, or it may be that the north
bridge is faulty and the CPU cannot send a signal to the north bridge.
(4) The 3.3V and CLK indicators are always on, the RESET indicator flashes once, and the FRAME indicator flashes once, indicating that the CPU has sent addressing,
the signal has reached the North Bridge, and the North Bridge has sent a signal to the South Bridge. Next, check the South Bridge. Bridge or BIOS. It only flashes once to
indicate that the addressing is not completed, the CPU sends a signal to the North Bridge, the North Bridge should send the signal to the South Bridge, the South Bridge
should send it to the BIOS, and then return the data from the BIOS to the South Bridge, and then to the North Bridge, then the light should flash again After a while, it goes to the
CPU. When the CPU executes a soft start, the light will continue to flash.
(5) The 3.3V and CLK indicators are always on, the RESET indicator flashes once, the FRAME indicator flashes once, and continues to flash
At this time, the machine should run the code. Next, you can judge according to the display of the code card.
(6) When looking at the code, note that different BIOSes run different codes. Take the IBM machine as an example: it is divided into three sections (00-..85..87)..(28..38)..
(4A..52..69), bounded by 28 and 38, if it reaches 28 Going away, we think that the memory is not detected, focus on checking the memory itself, the memory interface, and then
flash the BIOS. The BIOS of domestically produced machines is much worse, and the North Bridge will be used in the end. If it reaches 38, we think that the memory check has
not been passed. After checking the memory itself, the memory interface, and then flash the BIOS, if it is an integrated graphics card, it is necessary to judge the north bridge and
the graphics card separately.
(7) After the code exceeds 4A, no matter what the code is, we are sure that it is a problem with the graphics card. The solution is to first check the power supply of the
graphics card, then flash the BIOS, and finally replace the graphics card if the graphics card does not work.
(8) For Samsung, Founder and other brands of machines, because the BIOS manufacturers are different, the codes displayed are different. At this time, we can judge
the fault by pulling out the memory and seeing the code changes.
ÿ If there is no change in the code, it means that the memory is not detected. First check whether the power supply is normal, and focus on checking the memory itself.
Memory interface, then flash the BIOS, and then check the Northbridge.
ÿ If the code is different from before, it means that the memory has been detected. We focus on checking the memory itself, the memory interface,
Then flash the BIOS, if it doesn't work, then judge whether it is a problem with the North Bridge and the graphics card.
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Chapter 5 LCD Screen Part of Notebook Computer
The LCD screen of a notebook computer is a display, also known as a monitor, which is mainly used to display the execution
commands inside the notebook computer. Opening a file and executing a program all communicate with the user through the LCD screen.
If there is no LCD screen, we don't know whether the laptop is working properly.
Because the notebook computer is easy to carry, the user will often move the notebook computer and switch the LCD screen of
the notebook computer repeatedly during use. However, the LCD screen of the notebook computer is a fragile product, which is easily
broken under the action of external force. The LCD screen is always in working condition, so the failure rate of the LCD screen is relatively
high. Moreover, the production process of the LCD screen is complicated and expensive, and its price accounts for a quarter of the price
of the whole notebook computer. In addition, because there are many manufacturers of LCD screens and the interface definitions are
different, we are required to master the replacement technology of laptop LCD screens during maintenance.
5.1 Imaging system of LCD screen
5.1.1 Schematic Diagram of LCD Screen Imaging
The imaging diagram of the LCD screen is shown in Figure 5-1.
VGA
LVDS LVDS
LCD
Figure 5-1 Schematic diagram of LCD screen imaging
The physical picture of the LCD screen is shown in Figure 5-2.
LCD
Figure 5-2 Physical picture of LCD screen
The fax diagram is shown in Figure 5-3.
text image
Fax machine encoding chip Telephone line decoding chip
column driver
print control
chip
text image row drive
Figure 5-3 Schematic diagram of fax
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5.1.2 Working process
1. Fax sending process
As shown in Figure 5-3, after a document with text and images passes through the fax machine, the fax machine encodes the text and image information into a level signal
through the encoding chip, and transmits it to another fax machine by telephone. There is a decoding chip inside the machine, which converts the level signal into text and image
information, and prints out files with text and image information through the printing control. Only when the quality of the two fax machines is very good, the text and image information
content on the sent file and the received file may be exactly the same. The imaging working principle of the LCD screen of a notebook computer is similar to that of a fax machine.
2. Laptop LCD screen imaging system working process
According to the user's requirements, the notebook computer forms a complete image through the CPU operation and processing through the graphics card. One way is
connected to an external display through the VGA interface to display the complete image. The other way is encoded by the LVDS chip to convert the image information into level
information. The screen line is transmitted to the LCD screen. There is an LVDS chip on the LCD screen. The LVDS chip decodes and converts the level information into image
information. The control chip of the LCD liquid crystal outputs the corresponding row and column drivers to drive the liquid crystal molecules to change The arrangement order of the
liquid crystal molecules will display the image. In this process, the anti-interference performance of the screen line and the quality of the LCD screen will affect the quality of the image
display.
3. Notebook computer LCD screen imaging system related instructions
Simply put, the imaging system of a notebook computer is composed of three major components: the graphics card, the screen cable, and the LCD screen.
The LCD screen of a notebook is composed of a large number of liquid crystal molecules, and the LCD screen uses the liquid crystal molecules to change the arrangement sequence under
the action of an electric field to display images.
The graphics card of the notebook computer uses the LVDS transmission method to transmit image information. The LVDS transmission method has the advantages of less
screen lines, fast transmission speed, and good anti-interference performance, and generally adopts the 8-bit LVDS data transmission method. The transmission of image information
on projectors, digital cameras, and digital video cameras all adopts LVDS transmission mode.
5.1.3 Common faults of the imaging system
1. white screen
Symptom: There is backlight, but no image.
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(1) The internal circuit of the graphics card is damaged, and the image cannot be encoded into a level signal.
(2) The LCD screen interface and the screen cable on the motherboard of the notebook computer, or the LCD screen interface and the screen cable are virtual plugged, and the contact is not good.
(3) The screen wire of the LCD screen is broken.
(4) The circuit of the LCD screen is damaged, and the level signal cannot be decoded into image information.
(5) The 3.3V power supply of the LCD screen is abnormal or there is no power supply, and the power supply insurance on the side of the LCD screen interface on the motherboard is damaged
Or the power supply fuse on the LCD interface is damaged.
The maintenance inspection process is as follows.
(1) First connect an external VGA monitor to see if there is a white screen on the monitor. The purpose of this is to determine whether the fault is in the LCD
The screen part is still the graphics card on the motherboard of the notebook computer.
(2) If the external display is normal, it means that the graphics card of the notebook computer is working normally, and the fault is in the LCD screen.
The backlight system also works normally, and the fault is part of the imaging system.
(3) Disassemble the screen frame, and test whether the insurance of the LCD screen interface is damaged under static conditions.
(4) Take off the LCD screen cable, turn it on and test whether the 3.3V power supply of the LCD screen interface is normal. Test whether the voltage of other signals is normal.
(5) Replace a confirmed good LCD screen for testing. If the screen is still blank, it means that the fault is on the motherboard of the laptop.
(6) Remove the motherboard of the notebook computer, remove the screen cable of the LCD screen, judge whether the screen cable is broken, and measure the
Whether the power supply insurance next to the LCD interface of the main board is damaged.
2. Huaping
Fault phenomenon: There is backlight and images, and the displayed images are chaotic and distorted.
(1) The image processing circuit inside the graphics card is weakly welded or damaged.
(2) Part of the screen line is broken.
(3) The LCD screen is damaged.
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(4) The golden finger of the integrated graphics card memory is dirty.
(5) The BIOS program of some notebook computers may cause blurry screen (more common in IBM T43 machines).
The maintenance and testing ideas are as follows.
(1) Connect an external VGA monitor to see if the screen is blurred. The purpose is to determine whether the fault is in the LCD screen or the graphics card of the laptop motherboard. If the
monitor still displays abnormally, it means that the graphics card is faulty. Solder the graphics card or replace the graphics card.
(2) If the external display is normal, it means that the graphics card on the motherboard is normal, and the fault is in the LCD screen.
(3) Disassemble the screen frame, replace a good LCD screen, and judge whether the fault is in the LCD screen.
(4) If the fault persists after replacing the LCD screen, unplug the LCD screen cable interface under static conditions, and test the alignment of the LCD screen interface screen cable.
Ground resistance, to determine whether the screen line is broken.
(5) For laptops with independent graphics boards, poor contact between the graphics card board and the motherboard interface or weak soldering of the interface will also cause blurred screen.
3. dark spots, bright spots, bright lines, bright bands
Fault phenomenon: It can be turned on and displayed normally, and the dark spots and bright spots need to be adjusted to all white or all black on the desktop of the system to see them.
Bright lines and bands are very obvious.
Bright spots and dark spots: mainly caused by damage to the liquid crystal molecules on the LCD screen or poor contact. Occasionally, it can be pressed by hand.
Bright lines and bright bands: It is mainly caused by the disconnection of the row drive circuit or column drive circuit on the LCD screen. If one line is broken, there will be bright lines, and if more
than two lines are broken, bright bands will appear.
The solution is as follows.
Bright and dark spots are irreparable. Bright lines and bright bands require professionals from LCD screen manufacturers to use professional equipment
Do the welding. Due to the high price of this set of equipment, we can only replace the LCD screen during maintenance.
5.1.4 LCD Screen Introduction
1. Classification of LCD screens
(1) According to the size of the LCD screen can be divided into: 8 inches, 10 inches, 12 inches, 13 inches, 14 inches, 15 inches, 17 inches.
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(2) According to the interface of the LCD screen, it can be divided into: 14-pin, 20-pin, 30-pin plug and 30-pin plug.
(3) LCD screens can be divided into:
Full screen: The aspect ratio is 4:3.
Widescreen: The aspect ratio is 16:9. Widescreen will have W in the model number of the screen.
(4) LCD screens can be divided into:
Universal split screen: The maximum resolution can reach 1024×768.
High resolution screen: The maximum resolution can reach 1600×1200, the larger the resolution, the clearer the display.
(5) Common brands of LCD screens: Samsung, Chi Mei, AU, LP.
2. LCD interface definition
(1) The power supply voltage is 3.3V, and the voltage comes from the 3V successor of the 3V and 5V power supply unit circuits. Generally, it will be converted by a
MOS tube and then insurance.
(2) The ground wire of the LCD screen is connected to the ground wire on the motherboard.
(3) Three primary colors: (each primary color is two lines)
Red: red positive, red negative;
Green: green positive, green negative;
Blue: blue positive, blue negative.
The signals of the three primary colors come from the graphics card, each primary color is transmitted by two wires, in order to reduce the
Interference, under normal circumstances, each primary color will be followed by a ground wire.
(4) The clock of the LCD screen comes from the inside of the graphics card.
3. How to identify the interface signal line of the LCD screen
(1) Use a multimeter to measure the ground resistance of the LCD interface pins. Start the test from the side with insurance, and write down the resistance value.
The value is zero is the ground wire. There will be four sets of the same value. From the side near the power supply The order from the number is red, green, blue, and clock.
(2) With eyes, you can clearly see 4 sets of thin lines beside the interface of the LCD screen. These 4 sets of thin lines are signal lines red, green, blue, and clock.
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4. Precautions for replacing the LCD screen
Replacing the LCD screen by non-professionals may cause white screen, power failure, no power on, and even damage the motherboard. special note
Note: When replacing the LCD screen, be sure to unplug the power supply and battery, and never operate with power on.
(1) Confirm whether the original LCD screen is a high resolution screen or a normal resolution screen, the high resolution screen replaces the high resolution screen, and the normal resolution screen replaces the normal resolution screen, such as
If the high resolution screen is used instead of the normal resolution screen, or the normal resolution screen is used instead of the high resolution screen, it cannot be displayed normally.
(2) Confirm whether the original LCD screen is LCD or LED. The LED screen does not have a light tube, and the LCD screen has a light tube.
(3) Be aware that some machines have screens that are difficult to install, and must be replaced with compatible LCD screens, such as Dell laptops.
(4) Two screens of the same manufacturer and model have the same pin definition and can be directly replaced.
(5) The two screens are from different manufacturers and models, but they are the same size. They are both 30-piece or 30-pin screens. It is necessary to confirm that the
interface definition is the same before replacing them. Otherwise, it may display abnormally, and even more seriously, it may be damaged. LCD screen and motherboard.
(6) Two screens with different manufacturers, different models, the same size but different interfaces, such as replacing the 30-plug screen with a 20-pin screen or replacing
the 30-plug screen with a 30-pin screen screen, you need to use conversion wiring to connect the power supply to the power supply, and the red, green, blue, and clocks correspond
to the red, green, blue, and clocks of another screen. At present, there are ready-made 20-pin to 30-pin, 20-pin to 30-piece, and 30-pin to 30-piece adapters on the market. When
using, be sure to check it carefully first, and use it only when it matches completely.
5.2 LCD backlight system
The liquid crystal molecule itself of the laptop LCD screen does not emit light. The reason why you can see the text and image information on the LCD screen is because
the lamp illuminates the LCD screen.
5.2.1 Schematic diagram of the backlight system
The backlight system of a notebook computer is mainly composed of a high-voltage board, a lamp tube, and a light guide plate assembly. The schematic diagram of the backlight system is as follows:
As shown in Figure 5-4.
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Figure 5-4 Schematic diagram of the backlight system
5.2.2 Working process of backlight system
After the machine self-inspects the graphics card at startup and is ready to display images, the high-voltage board control circuit outputs control to make the power supply control
signal of the high-voltage board normal, and the brightness signal controls the high-voltage board to output a high voltage of 400-1000V to light the lamp, so that the lamp The light is refracted
through the light guide plate to form a uniform light source, which illuminates the LCD screen, allowing users to clearly see text and image information.
5.2.3 Common faults of the backlight system
dark screen
Symptom: There are faintly visible text and image information, but no backlight.
(1) The power supply of the high-voltage board is abnormal, causing the high-voltage board to not work. The power supply comes from the protective isolation circuit, and it will
pass through a fuse or MOS tube in the middle. The abnormal power supply can be solved by using flying wires.
(2) The control signal of the high-voltage board is abnormal, causing the high-voltage board to not work; the control signal of the high-voltage board generally comes from the super
I/O or graphics card. During maintenance, the flying lead can be used to quickly solve the problem with the 3.3V voltage.
(3) The high voltage plate itself is damaged. Replace or overhaul the high-voltage board.
(4) The lamp tube is damaged or not in good contact.
The maintenance inspection process is as follows.
(1) Connect an external VGA monitor to confirm whether the display is normal. If the display is not normal, it means that the fault is on the motherboard graphics card. show
If it shows normal, it means that the fault is in the LCD backlight system.
(2) Disassemble the screen frame, unplug the lamp interface with the output of the high-voltage board, take a confirmed lamp and connect it, start the test,
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If it is on, it means that the light tube on the original screen is damaged or in poor contact. If the light tube is not on, it means that the high-voltage board does not output high voltage, and the fault
lies in the high-voltage board or the control circuit of the high-voltage board. Since the output of the high-voltage board is high voltage, it is recommended that you do not touch it with your hands or
test it with a multimeter.
(3) Judging whether the high-voltage board is good or not: power on and test whether the power supply, control signal, and brightness signal on the interface of the high-voltage board
are normal. As long as one of the conditions of the power supply and the two signals is not met, the high-voltage board will not work, and the power supply is lacking. The ultimate solution is to fly
the line from the protective isolation circuit. The lack of control signal and brightness signal can be from the successor circuit of the 3V unit circuit. Wire. When the power supply and the two signals
are normal, the high-voltage board has no output, and it is determined that the high-voltage board is damaged. Replace the original high-voltage board or change the high-voltage board.
5.2.4 How to change the high voltage board
1. Why change the high voltage plate
(1) There are many brands of laptops, and the high-voltage boards of laptops of different brands and models are not necessarily universal.
In order to reduce the stocking of high-voltage boards, no matter what brand of high-voltage boards is damaged, we must be able to solve the fault.
(2) From the perspective of maintenance costs, the price of original high-voltage boards is relatively high, and the supply of goods is difficult to find, while the price of general-purpose high-
voltage boards is cheap, and the supply of goods is sufficient.
2. Classification of general high pressure plates
(1) The voltage supplied by the high-voltage board is usually divided into two types: 5V and 12V. The 5V high voltage board can replace the high voltage board below 10V; the 12V high
voltage board can replace the 12V to 20V high voltage board. Note that replacing the 20V high voltage board with a 5V high voltage board will burn out the high voltage board. Replace the 5V high-
voltage board with a 12V high-voltage board, and the LCD screen will not light up.
(2) According to the length of the high-pressure plate, it can be divided into two types: 5cm and 12cm. Pay attention to the length of the high-pressure plate when changing the high-voltage plate.
(3) According to the interface pins of the high-voltage board, it is divided into 3 pins (one for power supply, one for control, and one for ground), 6 pins (one for two power supplies, two grounds)
line, one control, one dimming signal).
3. High voltage board interface pin signal
(1) Power supply: from the protective isolation circuit, the voltage difference from the input voltage of the power adapter is about 1V, and the middle may pass through a MOS tube or an
insurance. Most notebook computers will have power supply from the high-voltage board when they are in standby mode. If there is a short circuit on the high-voltage board, it will cause no power
supply.
(2) Control signal: from super I/O or graphics card, the voltage is generally 3.3V or 5V, which is just a signal voltage,
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The current is very small. This signal is synchronized with the image output by the graphics card when it is turned on. No matter when it is turned on, after it is turned on, or when it is turned off, as long as
there is no such signal, abnormal voltage or signal voltage will cause a dark screen; in order to quickly solve the fault during maintenance, it is generally not to repair the corresponding circuit, but to Use the
flying wire to solve it. When flying the wire, pay attention to cut the original signal wire first, and must fly the 3.3V successor circuit of the 3V and 5V power supply unit circuit, otherwise the image will be out
of sync, and the image will be displayed after the white screen. question.
(3) Brightness signal: from super I/O or graphics card, the voltage is generally 1.5~3.3V, this voltage has a certain current, if it is exchanged with the control signal, it may cause the high voltage
board to not work normally. If this voltage is gone during maintenance, in order to quickly solve the fault and achieve the same effect, you can also adopt the method of following the 3.3V flying wire from the
3V, 5V power supply unit circuit, and cut off the previous wire before the flying wire to prevent affect other circuits. So after flying the line, the brightness adjustment on the keyboard will not work.
(4) Ground wire: It is connected to all the filter capacitors on the high-voltage board as the ground, and if there is a metal sheet, it should be connected to the metal sheet.
4. Find out the interface definition for the new high voltage board
(1) The interface definition of the general high-voltage board is relatively easy to find. The 3-pin insurance pin is for power supply, the middle pin is for control, and the other pin is grounded.
The two pins of the 6 pins connected with the fuse are for power supply, the one adjacent to the power supply is the control signal, the one adjacent to the control signal is the brightness
adjustment, and the rest is the ground wire.
The maintenance technique is to first rule out the power supply and ground wire. After excluding the power supply and ground wires, the rest are control signal pins and brightness adjustment pins,
and some high-voltage boards may have empty pins. No matter how many pins the interface of the high voltage board has, the key pins are 4. Some notebook computers have more than 10 pins or even 20
pins on the high-voltage board interface. Except for the key 4 pins, the rest of the pins are used for the light-emitting diodes on the high-voltage board as power indicator lights, wireless network card lights,
size Lockout lights etc.
(2) Find out the key pins of the original high voltage board interface
When changing the high-voltage board, the interface of the original high-voltage board can be cut off, and the flying wire from the interface line of the original high-voltage board to the general high-voltage
The pressure plate, so as to avoid cutting the interface line of the high-voltage plate of the screen line.
When starting up, it is the power supply pin of the high-voltage board that measures 10V or more, 5V is the control signal of the high-voltage board, and some notebook computers also use 3.3V for
the control signal. 3.3V is the brightness adjustment signal, if there are two 3.3V or more than 3.3V on the interface, you can test them one by one.
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(3) Connection
Fly the corresponding power supply, control, brightness adjustment, and ground wires of the interface of the old high-voltage board to the new general-
purpose high-voltage board with a special line for flying wires. The connection line should not be too long, just enough. Wrap it with insulating tape to prevent
short circuits.
5. High voltage plate change method with feedback signal
There is a feedback signal on the high-voltage board of the notebook computer, and it will not be displayed normally with a general-purpose high-voltage board. Note that the dark screen of
the original high-voltage board must be used, and it can only be changed when it is confirmed that the high-voltage board is faulty. Cut off the high-voltage package part of the original high-voltage
board, replace the high-voltage part of the original high-voltage board with a new general-purpose high-voltage board, and then fly the corresponding power supply, control and brightness adjustment,
and ground wire signals from the original high-voltage board to the general-purpose high-voltage board.
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Chapter 6 Maintenance Ideas for Common Faults of Laptops
This chapter explains in detail the maintenance ideas and methods of various common faults such as no power on, no display when power
on, power failure, crash, restart, and blurred screen during laptop maintenance.
6.1 Without power
No power means that the machine does not respond when the switch is pressed, which is a problem with the power supply system.
The conditions for a laptop to be powered on are as follows.
The main power supply 16V should be normal;
The standby circuit must be normal (there must be voltage on the switch);
The power-on trigger circuit should be normal (including switch, switch board, H8, south bridge, etc.);
3V, 5V power supply system should be normal (including generation, output, successor).
The maintenance idea is as follows.
1. Detection without disassembly
First unplug external devices, including optical drive, battery, hard disk, PC card, check the standby current with an adjustable power supply, and determine the scope of the fault.
Routine testing is as follows.
(1) Whether the main power supply is short-circuited. After connecting the power supply, see if the ammeter pointer has a large swing or a sudden increase.
(2) Is there any standby. If the current pointer does not respond at all after the adjustable power supply is connected, it means that there is no standby.
(3) Whether there is a trigger. After the adjustable power supply is connected, the current pointer swings slightly, press the switch, and look at the current pointer
Whether there is any change, under normal circumstances, the pointer of the ammeter should swing.
For example, if the batteries of Sony 16C, 26C, 36C, ASUS and other machines are not installed properly, the laptop will not be powered on.
2. Disassembly detection
Observe while dismantling to see if there are traces of water ingress or falling, and measure while dismantling, which can save maintenance time
Sometimes, obvious faults can be found when dismantling. After the motherboard is removed, the main detection methods are as follows.
Observation method: Check if there are water ingress, corrosion, dust, foreign matter, repaired, burned traces, capacitance, chip bulging, discoloration and other problems.
Use a multimeter to measure the resistance to ground at each test point.
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The reference resistance value is as follows.
ÿ The common point to ground resistance is about 600ÿ. If it is 0 ÿ, the possibility of breakdown of the filter capacitor is high. If dozens
ohms, the possibility of MOS breakdown is high. If it is 200-300ÿ, the power supply chip itself is broken.
ÿ The resistance of the 3.3V and 5V inductors to ground is about 100ÿ. If it is 0ÿ, it is a severe short circuit. If it is a 30ÿ chip or three
More than ten ohms, there is a micro-short circuit (Lenovo's I/O is broken, which will cause a micro-short circuit).
ÿ The resistance value of the power supply inductance of the north and south bridges, memory, and graphics card generally ranges from tens of ohms. As long as it is not 0ÿ,
the chipset is good. For their front and back capacitors, also test whether they are short-circuited.
ÿ CPU inductance resistance (plug in the CPU): the resistance of the P4 chip is about 20ÿ. The resistance value of the Centrino chip is
About 10ÿ. The resistance value of the Centrino II chip is about 7ÿ. The resistance value of Core Duo chip is 3~4ÿ.
ÿ The CMOS battery circuit also needs to be tested and discharged. Some machines are not powered on due to memory effect protection. This problem is more common in
Asus and Sony laptops.
ÿ The USB port should also be tested to judge whether the South Bridge is good or bad.
ÿ If there is a problem with the charging and discharging circuit of the battery, it will also cause the protection to not be powered on, so it should also be tested.
ÿ The surrounding components of the I/O should also be tested. If any components related to power-on are broken, the protection will not be powered on. Therefore, it must be
tested for short circuit.
Power-on detection (dynamic detection).
ÿ The 16V power supply must be normal, measured from the power port to the common point; note that abnormal detection of the power supply detection circuit will cause the
MOS transistor output by the protection isolation circuit to stop working, resulting in abnormal voltage at the common point.
ÿ Standby must be normal, and measure whether there is voltage on the switch; the mainstream notebook computers on the market currently use 3V,
The 5V circuit is used as the standby circuit, and most notebook computers are powered by 3V, 5V and 5V circuits when they are in standby.
5V linear voltage or 3.3V, 5V inductor output voltage as standby voltage.
ÿ Overhaul the power-on circuit. The working conditions and good or bad judgment of the South Bridge, the working conditions and good or bad judgment of the boot chip (I/O,
H8, PM, etc.), whether the switches and cables are good or bad, whether the main power supply system itself and the 3V and 5V subsequent outputs are normal.
6.2 No display after power on
Most of them are caused by hard start and soft start, and belong to the fault caused by the signal system.
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1. Detection without disassembly
(1) Use the adjustable power supply together with the diagnostic card to detect.
(2) Replace the memory and check the memory interface. If the diagnostic card code shows 00...38...00...38... then say
It indicates that there is a problem with the memory, and the two memory of IBM are not installed properly, and this will happen.
For machines that do not support diagnostic cards, you can measure the voltage of the exclusion near the memory, and they will jump three times.
2. Disassembly detection
Pay attention to observation when disassembling, and perform the following inspections on the main board after disassembling.
ÿ Visually inspect the motherboard for traces of water ingress, repair, mildew, foreign matter, corrosion, and bulging.
ÿ Statically measure the resistance to ground (common point resistance, 3.3V, 5V inductance resistance, north and south bridge, graphics card, memory power supply inductance,
CPU inductance to ground resistance, etc.), for example, R51 3.3V, The resistance of the 5V inductor to ground is greater than 30ÿ, and the south bridge will become hot when touched
by hand, indicating that the south bridge is broken.
ÿ Dynamic detection:
If the diagnostic card displays 00, FF, it means that the hard start has not been completed, check whether the Clock, Rest, and Frame lights are on.
If there is a jump at the beginning, it means that the soft start is started. It needs CPU to execute. If the power supply of CPU is abnormal, the code will not run.
If the code appears 00 and FF, check the power supply of the CPU (generally, the power supply chip is weakly welded and more damaged).
Test the power supply of North and South Bridges, memory, graphics card, and BIOS.
Use the touch method to detect it; feel the temperature according to the current trend of the adjustable power supply, and check whether the memory slot, graphics card,
and north bridge are soldered.
ÿ Try reflashing the BIOS.
ÿ Insufficient soldering of the super I/O causes the code not to run. If the I/O is broken, it will cause the CPU, north and south bridges, graphics card, and memory to have no
main power supply.
There are many cases of false welding of the north bridge, and there are many cases of false welding damage of the graphics card, but the north bridge of the integrated graphics card is more damaged.
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3. Other reasons for power-on not displaying
ÿ The machine does not display the memory, first eliminate the memory itself, solder the memory slot, then flash the BIOS and build the north bridge, the problem can be solved.
ÿ But the graphics card, flash the BIOS first, and then make the graphics card.
ÿ Garbled codes are usually caused by a broken BIOS program, which can be resolved by flashing a new one.
ÿ The interface of the independent graphics card board is weakly soldered.
ÿ The onboard memory is weakly welded or damaged, which is often the case with ASUS laptops.
ÿ The network card is damaged.
6.3 Power down
First of all, all software failures should be eliminated, such as external failures such as system and drivers not installed properly, viruses, etc. And in the dynamic inspection
Before the test, it is necessary to statically test whether the resistance to ground is normal, and visually check whether the motherboard has signs of water ingress, movement, mold, foreign
matter, corrosion, and bulging.
The common failures of power-on and power-off are as follows.
1. Power off and no display
If the test card is supported, the test card can be used to judge when the code will be powered off; if the test card is not supported, the CPU can be tested
There is no voltage. For example, if the memory of a Dell machine is not plugged in properly, it will lose power a few seconds after it is turned on.
(1) The CPU power supply chip is weakly soldered (ADP3205 chip for Lenovo Rising Sun 150, IBM R50 R51, HP NC600
with MAX1987).
The CPU power supply is stable, if the CPU is not installed or not installed properly, it will also cause power failure.
(2) Welding or short circuit of super I/O (Shenzhou, Qixi, Lenovo, HP, etc.) IBM's TB62501, H8, PM.
(3) The system power supply chip is weakly soldered.
(4) The memory is not installed properly or not enough (this failure is common in Dell machines).
(5) Insufficient soldering of the graphics card, this fault is common in IBM T40 machines, and incomplete soldering of the north bridge is more common in HP laptops.
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(6) The machine is not installed properly or the insulation is not good.
(7) In the case of no short circuit, try to use the original power supply as much as possible. Due to the insufficient output power of the adjustable power supply, it will cause
Power failure, this failure is more common in ASUS machines.
(8) The PC card slot is damaged, which is more common in ASUS machines.
(9) Sometimes the heat dissipation of AMD machines is not good.
(10) There is dust, foreign matter, etc. on the motherboard.
2. Power off after startup display
(1) The heat dissipation is not good.
(2) Check the memory itself.
(3) Insufficient soldering of the graphics card.
(4) The super I/O is weakly welded.
(5) Power supply.
(6) The machine is not installed properly, or the insulation is not good.
3. Power off when first entering the system (before and after the system login interface is displayed)
(1) The memory is incompatible or the golden finger is oxidized.
(2) The graphics card is soldered or damaged.
(4) The CPU power supply chip is weakly soldered.
(5) The super I/O is weakly welded.
4. Power off after entering the system
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(4) The hard disk has bad sectors.
(5) False welding of the north bridge and graphics card.
(6) Insufficient welding of super I/O.
If the alarm is reported when the system is first entered, it is a problem with the CPU, and it is enough to change the CPU.
5. power off after a while
(1) The heat dissipation is not good (the CPU fan is dirty, the number of revolutions is not enough, the bearing is out of oil, etc.), and HP and Samsung machines are more common.
(4) Welding of the north bridge.
6. Power off while playing games
(1) The memory is not compatible.
(2) There is a problem with the graphics card.
7. Power off when you touch it
(3) False welding of the north bridge and graphics card.
(4) The machine is not installed properly, and the fixing is not in place.
6.4 Crash problem
First of all, all software failures should be eliminated, such as external failures such as system and driver not installed properly, viruses, COMS settings, etc.
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The common faults of the boot crash are as follows.
1. Booting shows that the LOGO interface is dead
(1) After turning on the machine, the first time it is turned on, the machine will self-check and stop at the LOGO interface for a long time, which can be skipped by pressing the ESC key
LOGO interface. If the keyboard is broken, it will also cause a false crash on the LOGO interface.
(2) The BIOS program is damaged.
(3) There is a problem with the memory (Haier's machine has more problems).
(4) There is a problem with the graphics card and Northbridge.
(6) Peripheral equipment, such as optical drive, hard disk, etc. These can all be removed one by one.
2. system crash
(1) There is a problem with the memory.
(3) Insufficient welding of graphics card and north bridge.
3. Crash after entering the system
4. crash for a while
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5. Crashes while playing games
(1) The memory is not compatible.
(3) There is a problem with the graphics card or video memory.
(4) If it is an integrated graphics card, the north bridge will also cause a crash.
6. touch crash
(1) The memory contact is not good.
(2) The machine is not installed and fixed well.
6.5 Restart problem
First of all, all software failures should be eliminated, such as external failures such as system and drivers not installed properly, viruses, etc.
And before the dynamic detection, it is necessary to test whether the resistance to ground is normal under static conditions, and visually check whether the main board has water ingress, movement,
Mold, foreign matter, corrosion, bulging and other traces.
The common faults when starting up and restarting are as follows.
1. reboot
(1) The output voltage of the power adapter is unstable.
(4) The filter capacitor is bad.
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(6) Micro-short circuit of a certain equipment.
2. Restart after showing
(7) Memory.
3. Restart when entering the system
4. Restart after entering the system
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5. take a while to restart
6. restart while playing
7. touch to restart
(1) The installation is not in place.
8. soft shutdown restart
(1) The COMS information is wrong, and the general information is stored in the South Bridge. Usually, you only need to power off the COMS to solve the problem.
6.6 Blue screen problem
First of all, all software failures should be eliminated, such as system, driver not installed, virus, hard disk itself and other external failures.
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Blue screen when entering the system, blue screen after a period of time, blue screen when playing games, and blue screen when watching movies.
The causes of the above blue screen failure are as follows.
6.7 Huaping problem
First, connect an external monitor to eliminate the problem of the screen and screen cable. The reasons for the blurred screen on the motherboard are as follows.
(1) The computer memory gold finger of the integrated graphics card is dirty.
(3) The graphics card itself is damaged (there are many HP/Dell/Samsung machines).
(4) The capacitors and inductors around the graphics card are in poor contact.
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Chapter 7 Summary of Common Faults of Brand Laptops
This chapter summarizes 193 repair cases of common faults of laptops of brands such as IBM, Dell,
Lenovo, Samsung, Toshiba, HP, Asus, Acer, BenQ, Founder, Hedy, and Shenzhou.
7.1 IBM
1. IBM T20-T22 model laptops
(1) White screen. The reason for the failure is that the external dock has a small insurance that is fragile.
(2) Error 0190 is reported: a resistor under the memory slot is soldered; or the diode on the side of H8 is damaged.
(3) If the CPU power supply chip ADP3421 causes failures such as no power-on, time-on, time-off, no display when power-on, power-
off, crash, etc., pay attention to the small capacitor next to it when replacing the ADP3421. Don’t drop it. It will cause no power up later.
(4) Dark screen: Note that the screen line of this type of machine is easy to break.
(5) The motherboard of this type of machine does not integrate the network card chip, and the network card is inserted into the miniPCI slot, please pay attention to it during maintenance.
(6) The memory slot of this type of machine is fragile, and if it is broken, the memory will not be recognized.
2. IBMA20-A22 Laptop
(7) Crash and power failure: If the fault cannot be ruled out after replacing the ADP3421 chip, it can be determined that the north bridge is weakly welded.
3. IBMX20-X22 Laptops
(8) The screen cable of this type of laptop is easy to break, which will cause a dark screen.
(9) The capacitive burr of the CPU of this type of notebook computer is easy to short circuit and cause no power supply.
4. IBM T23 Notebook
(10) There is no display after power on, accompanied by a "squeak" sound, most of which are due to the lack of soldering of the Northbridge power supply inductor.
(11) Error 0190 is reported, the Zener diode of the power detection circuit is damaged.
5. IBMT30 Laptop
(12) The standby mode is normal, but the short circuit is triggered when the power is turned on. Mostly, the CPU power supply tube is short-circuited and the low-end tube is damaged.
(13) The network card cannot be found, mostly because the chip of the network card is damaged.
(14) The memory is not recognized, mostly due to the weak soldering of the memory slot on the lower side.
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Chapter 7 Summary of Common Faults of Branded Laptops
(15) Damage to the MAX1715 chip will cause no display after power-on.
(16) Error 0190 is reported, mostly because the triode of the power detection circuit is damaged.
(17) The five-pin standby chip is fragile, causing no standby output.
(18) The 101 resistor in front of the five-pin standby chip is easily broken, causing no standby output.
6. IBM R32 Notebook
(19) The blurred screen and crash are mostly caused by the virtual welding of the graphics card, and there are many cases of virtual welding of the graphics card of this machine.
(20) The optical drive is not recognized, mostly due to the South Bridge problem.
7. IBM R40 Notebook
(21) For the R40 ALI chipset, the south bridge is damaged and the power is not turned on.
(22) If the BIOS program is damaged, the boot will stop at the LOGO interface.
8. IBM T40 Notebook
(23) The breakdown of Q73 and D9 will cause no charging.
(24) If the charging light is always on and flashes yellow, it is caused by the breakdown of Q73 or Q32.
(25) There is no display when power is applied and L8 has no voltage, usually the Q2 MOS tube is broken.
(26) There is no display after power-on and there is no 1.2V, 1.05V, mostly because MAX1845 is broken.
(27) False soldering of the graphics card will cause power failure and blurred screen.
(28) Run the 85.87 code, mostly because the security chip is not in contact; you can also flash the BIOS without the security chip
program to solve.
(29) The password of T40 is stored in ATMEL24RF08CN, which can be decrypted by flashing the program.
9. IBM R50 R51 Notebook
(30) Can't access the Internet, but can see the network card, showing that it is connected to the network, usually the isolation coil is broken.
(31) The blue screen and crash of IBM R51 are mostly caused by the wireless network card.
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(32) The IBM R50 is powered off and the ADP3205 has many solder joints.
(33) IBM R50, R50E, and R51 use 82801DBM chips, and the south bridge is fragile.
(34) The ADP3205 virtual welding of IBM R51 machine will cause no display after power on.
10. IBM T41-T42 Notebook Computers
(35) The 5V inductance is short-circuited, mostly because the low-end MOS tube is damaged.
(36) The weak welding of IBM PMH4 will cause the touchpad to be unusable.
(37) If the power adapter is not powered on, but the battery can start up normally, it is mostly caused by the faulty soldering of the North Bridge power supply chip MAX1845.
(38) The 3V inductance short circuit is mostly caused by the PCIBUS chip, the power supply chip of the PC card and the south bridge short circuit.
(39) MAX1845 U29 generates 1.2V and 1.05V chips, which are easily damaged, resulting in no display when power is applied.
(40) IBM T42P's blurred screen is mostly due to the virtual soldering of the graphics card.
11. IBM X31 Laptop
(41) If there is no 1.2V voltage on the patch capacitor next to the north bridge, it is likely that the power supply chip MAX1845 is broken.
(42) No display after power on, 3V and 5V voltages are normal, and APD3205 has many solder joints.
(43) It cannot be triggered, both 3V and 5V, the voltage of the south bridge crystal oscillator is abnormal, replace the crystal oscillator.
(44) The memory is not recognized. After excluding the interface solder joint and the memory itself, the north bridge is mostly damaged.
(45) Run 85 and 87 codes, mostly because the security chip is not in touch.
12. IBM X40, X41 Laptops
(46) Sometimes the power does not turn on, the detection card shows 28, and sometimes the system enters a blue screen, most of which is a problem with the memory slot; cannot enter the BIOS
Or the gray screen of BIOS, mostly due to the faulty soldering of the south bridge.
(47) False welding and damage of the south bridge will cause no power supply.
(48) IBM X31, T40, T41, and T42 installed two RAMs with poor contact, which caused no display after power-on, and the code cycled repeatedly from 00-38-00.
(49) The password is saved in IO PC8394T—V3G.
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(50) The T43 machine automatically restarts after entering the system, mostly because the SATA to IDE chip next to the south bridge is damaged; if it does not work after replacement, it
is mostly because the south bridge is damaged.
(51) IBM T43 and R52 do not recognize the hard disk, and there will be 4 capacitors between the south bridge and the SATA-to-IDE chip, and these capacitors are easy to
break.
(52) IBM T43 has no standby, and the 3V SW output of the TB chip is short-circuited, mostly caused by damage to the IBM PM chip.
(53) IBM T43 south bridge false welding will cause crash.
(54) The 1.8V voltage is abnormal, mostly because the MAX1993e in the upper right corner of the north bridge is desoldered and broken.
Caused to trigger a power failure, but the memory can recognize the small memory, but the large memory cannot be recognized normally, and the screen crashes.
(55) T43 and R52 will report an error 02100 EROR if the hard disk is replaced with a non-original hard disk. Press the ESC key to skip it. also
It can be solved by lowering the BIOS version.
(56) The 3V and 5V power supply chips of T43 and R52 are powered by MAX1901 power supply chip. If the control signals are normal and the output voltage is not output,
the chip is mostly damaged.
(57) Welding of TB62501 will cause no charging.
(58) IBM T60, Z60, and X60 encryption chips use ATMEL8356908 chips.
(59) The dark screens of IBM T60 and T61 are mostly damaged by the insurance that the screen cable interface supplies power to the high voltage board.
(60) The IBM T61 does not display when it is powered on, mostly due to the false soldering of the graphics card.
(61) IBM T61 standby current is 0.02ÿ0.03A, 3V, 5V, 1.5V voltages are available, no trigger, mostly
H8 and the south bridge are caused by false welding. _7 u& M7 [3 x" d+
(62) IBM T61 3V, 5V has no output, mostly due to Toshiba chip problem,
(63) The problem of the blurred screen of IBM T61 is generally due to the virtual soldering of the graphics card.
(64) After unplugging the CMOS battery of the IBM machine, the information will be lost, and the machine will report 0271, 163 errors when it is turned on. After repairing or changing
parts, it needs to be reset after turning on the machine.
(65) IBM T4 machine will report 1802 error with non-original wireless network card.
7.2 Dell
(66) If the standby voltage of the Dell C640 machine is 0.12V, most of the I/O power supply transistors are damaged.
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(67) Dell D600 does not turn on, mostly because MAX1632 chip 23-pin connected to 5-pin chip U73 is damaged.
(68) Dell P4 and Centrino series machines have no standby voltage, mostly caused by the weak soldering of the inductance FL1 coming from the power port.
(69) Dell C640 does not turn on, the current rises to about 1.20A, and then powers off after several jumps, most of which is due to the weak soldering of the memory slot.
(70) Dell C640 is powered off or does not start, mostly due to poor contact of the graphics card board, poor contact of the memory slot or empty soldering of the CPU.
(71) When Dell C640 is plugged into the power supply, the current is 0.17A, and slowly rises to about 0.48A, which is mostly due to the short circuit of the control chip of
the PC slot.
(72) Dell 6400 can't enter BIOS when it is turned on, and there is a white bottom screen and 3 lines of English. Input NIDXJXFF and press Ctrl key and Enter key to solve
the problem.
(73) Dell 6400, if the memory is not installed properly, the power will drop.
Dell D600 won't turn on, press the power button, the three lights will go off after a flash, most likely due to the weak soldering of the network card chip.
(74) Dell D600 does not charge, in most cases the D108 chip under the MINI_PCI slot is damaged.
(75) Dell D610, D620, 6400, these three types of laptop high voltage boards are common.
(76) Dell's machine picks up the screen, and the non-original screen will cause a white screen or power failure.
(77) The Dell 1501 can be turned on with a battery but the screen is not bright and there is no display; use an adapter to protect it, and use the adapter alone to turn it on
The machine key, the battery light flashes wildly, and the MAX8731 charging management chip is mostly damaged.
(78) Damage to the power adapter of the Dell laptop will also cause no charging.
(79) The Dell D600 does not turn on, the external power supply is 0.01A in standby mode, there is no response when the power button is pressed, and no indicator light is
on.
(80) Most of Dell's machines use super I/O, integrated power management, temperature control, power on and off,
Charging control, so I/O damage will cause no power supply and no charging.
(81) Most of Dell's laptops will not be powered on if they use non-original power supplies.
(82) Dell D510 network card, the network card can be recognized, there is no connection icon, the resistance to ground on the filter is 47ÿ,
Mostly, the signal conversion gate circuit in front of the filter is damaged.
Above the keyboard, next to the power button, there are three small lock lights, which are fault diagnosis lights. 1 means light; 0 means no light.
ÿ If the flashing 0-1-0 is displayed, there is a problem with the memory.
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ÿ If the flashing 1-0-1 is displayed, the memory is not inserted properly.
ÿ If the display flashes 1-1-1 for four seconds and then goes off at the same time, there is a problem with the motherboard and CPU.
ÿ If a stable 0-0-1 code is displayed, there is something wrong with the motherboard and CPU.
ÿ If a stable 0-1-0 code is displayed, there is a problem with the motherboard.
ÿ If a stable 0-1-1 code is displayed, there is a memory problem.
(83) If the Dell laptop uses a non-original power supply, it will cause no power on.
7.3 Lenovo
(84) The north bridge of Lenovo Y300 is hot, mostly because the F1 insurance on the side of the MAX1715 that supplies power to the memory is damaged.
(85) Lenovo E200 boot crash is mostly caused by BIOS flashing.
(86) Lenovo E200 does not enter the system, and the automatic shutdown when entering the system is mostly caused by poor heat dissipation.
(87) Lenovo Y200 runs 38. However, most of the memory is damaged by the BIOS.
(88) Lenovo E390 shuts down and freezes, mostly due to South Bridge problems.
Lenovo E390 19V short circuit, usually capacitor and diode breakdown.
Lenovo Rising Sun 150 loses power from time to time, which is mostly caused by the weak soldering of the CPU power supply chip ADP3205.
Lenovo 125 crashes at the startup screen, most of which are faulty soldering of the south bridge.
(89) Lenovo Zhaoyang 6070 does not display when it is powered on, but the external connections are all normal, mostly because the screen cable is damaged.
The BIOS of Lenovo E280S is easy to break. The fault phenomenon is that the hard disk and CD-ROM drive can be recognized after entering the BIOS , but it cannot be booted, and the
display is endless.
(90) Rising Sun 150 sometimes can be turned on and sometimes it is not displayed when it is powered on. When checking, an external adjustable power supply is connected, and the current is not turned on when it is not turned on.
At 0.4A, as long as the current can reach 0.8A each time, the machine can be used normally, and this fault needs to be soldered with the ADP3205 chip.
Lenovo's machine I/O is prone to weak soldering, which will cause no display or power failure after power-on.
Lenovo's memory interface is prone to solder joints, causing the memory to fail to be detected.
(91) Lenovo's machine BIOS is damaged, which will cause no display after power-on.
283
(92) The power port of Lenovo's machine is easily damaged, which will cause no power supply.
Most Lenovo notebook computers use super I/O PC97511 and PC97851 chips, which integrate boot function, temperature
Degree management; there are many faults without power on due to bad or damaged super I/O.
7.4 HP
(93) The HP machine does not use the original power supply, and the mouse will run around after entering the system.
(94) The blurred screen of Compaq 1700 is mostly caused by screen line loss.
(95) The white screen of Compaq 1800 is mostly caused by damage to the power supply insurance of the LCD screen. The memory interface is easy to be welded, which will cause it to fail to display when it is powered on.
(96) The automatic restart of Compaq N800V is mostly caused by heat dissipation, such as a dirty CPU fan.
(97) The inlet system of HP NX 6120 and 6130 crashed. If it can be used after being pressed, it is mostly due to the faulty welding of the South Bridge.
(98) The HP DV4000 does not display when it is turned on, and the south bridge has a lot of solder joints.
(99) HP NC6000 does not charge, the measured charging inductance voltage is only about 1V, mostly next to the MAX1772 chip
The resistor R1065 on the side is damaged, and the resistance value will increase in this case.
(100) HP DV2000 does not charge, check the working conditions of the charging chip MAX8725E, you will find that the 10 pin has no high
The level is controlled by I/O, and the fault can be eliminated by replacing the I/O.
(101) The north bridge of HP V3000 is prone to weak welding, which causes no display after power-on.
(102) The power supply chip of HP NC6000 CPU is weakly welded, which causes power failure or no display after booting.
(103) The disconnection of the HP NX5000 motherboard will cause abnormal CPU power supply.
(104) If the HP NC4010 does not charge, it is mostly because the 01C resistor is damaged.
(105) If the HP ZV5000 is not powered on, it is mostly I/O soldering.
(106) The blurred screen of HP ZD8000 is mostly due to the virtual soldering of the graphics card.
(107) The power-on and power-off of HP NC 4010 is mostly caused by the breakdown of the CPU power supply MOS tube.
(108) The I/O of the PC87541V chip of the HP DV1000 is easy to be soldered or damaged, causing no power supply.
(109) If the HP DV2000 and V3000 do not start up, it is usually due to the faulty soldering of the graphics card.
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(110) If the HP M2000 is not powered on, the south bridge is mostly damaged.
(111) The HP machine does not display when it is powered on, mostly due to I/O virtual soldering, and the I/O will have bulges.
(112) The 19V common point of the HP machine is short-circuited, mostly caused by the breakdown of the filter capacitor.
(113) The graphics board interface of Compaq X1000 is prone to weak soldering, which causes no display after power-on.
(114) Compaq B2000 runs garbled codes and does not recognize the memory, mostly because the BIOS program is damaged.
(115) Compaq N620C is not a graphics card, mostly because the BIOS program is damaged.
(116) Compaq NC610 has no standby, mostly because the power board is broken.
(117) The HP NX9040 is not powered on, mostly because the switch is damaged.
(118) Hewlett-Packard DV8000 powers off irregularly when starting up, mostly caused by too much dust on the motherboard.
(119) Hewlett-Packard and Compaq machines will automatically start up if the CMOS battery is not installed or is out of power.
(120) Hewlett-Packard laptops do not have a CPU, and most CPU power supply chips have weak soldering.
(121) The I/O of the Compaq machine and the crystal oscillator are easy to be welded and cause no power supply.
(122) The 8 small screens displayed on the HP V3000 are mostly problems with the graphics card, and the graphics card needs to be replaced.
(123) Most of HP's notebook computers use the super I/O integrated boot function. During maintenance, failures of no power-on or power-off due to poor or damaged super I/O are often encountered.
7.5 Sony, Toshiba, NEC
(124) The south bridge of Sony S16C, 26C, and 36C is fragile, causing no power supply.
(125) The connection of Sony S16C, 26C, and 36C switch boards is prone to problems, causing no power supply.
(126) Sony S16C, 26C, and 36C blurred screens are mostly caused by virtual soldering of graphics cards.
(127) Sony FR800C enters the system blue screen, mostly due to system failure, redo the system, and troubleshoot.
(128) The dark screen of Sony NV90 is mostly caused by damage to the lamp tube.
(129) Sony VGN-B55C does not show up when it is powered on, mostly because the north bridge is damaged.
(130) The battery of Sony V505 is faulty, which will cause the machine to shut down automatically.
285
(131) The power supply protection of Sony’s notebook computer is better in the circuit design. If a slight error occurs, it will be protected from short circuit.
And record it in the CMOS information in the south bridge. If there is no power supply during maintenance, discharge the CMOS battery first.
(132) The interfaces of Toshiba TE2100 and TE6100 power boards are prone to weak soldering, causing no power supply and yellow light flashing.
(133) The dark screen of Toshiba TE2100 is mostly caused by weak soldering on the main board where the graphics board is connected to the screen line.
(134) Toshiba TE2100 screen flickers from time to time, mostly due to weak soldering of the interface of the power board.
(135) The dark screen of Toshiba S120 is mostly because the lamp tube is broken, and the fault is eliminated by changing the lamp tube.
(136) Toshiba L20 screen is dark, mostly caused by damage to the lamp tube.
(137) Toshiba L1000 is not powered on, mostly due to I/O damage.
(138) Toshiba 6100 does not flash yellow light when it is not powered on, mostly because the interface between the power board and the main board is weakly welded.
(139) Toshiba A10, when it is powered on, it is displayed and sometimes it is not displayed, and occasionally crashes, mostly due to the faulty welding of the north bridge.
(140) Toshiba 450D loses power after a period of time, mostly due to bad sectors on the hard disk.
(141) Toshiba 1410 enters the system blue screen, which is mostly caused by the soldering of the memory slot.
(142) Toshiba C4110 sometimes has a dark screen, mostly due to poor performance of the high-voltage board, replace the high-voltage board.
(143) The dark screen of Toshiba 3000 is mostly damaged by the high voltage board.
(144) Toshiba TX1670L freezes after booting for a while, mostly due to dirty CPU fan and poor heat dissipation.
(145) Toshiba S1, no display when power on, mostly due to defective north bridge.
(146) Toshiba 4260 is not powered on, mostly due to I/O failure.
(147) Toshiba M20 has a blurry screen, but the external monitor displays normally, most of which is due to the damage of the graphics card.
(148) Toshiba MA18 has a white screen, most of which are damaged LCD screens.
(149) Toshiba G10 does not display when it is powered on, mostly because the graphics card is damaged.
(150) Toshiba 53011 does not display when powered on, mostly because the BIOS program is damaged.
(151) The NECV A70H fails to enter the system after booting, mostly because the hard disk interface is weakly welded.
(152) Toshiba SS2000 loses power after starting for a while, mostly because the CPU fan circuit is faulty.
(153) NEC E2000 dark screen, mostly due to damage to the high voltage board.
286
(154) The NEC S820 power-off when starting up is mostly caused by the weak soldering of H8.
(155) The NEC S820 USB interface cannot be used, mostly because the power supply chip of the USB interface is damaged.
(156) The NEC E660 shuts down automatically after five minutes of booting, mostly because there is a problem with the CPU fan circuit of the motherboard.
(157) The filter circuit next to the north bridge of NEC E660 is easily damaged, causing no display after power-on.
7.6 Samsung, ASUS
(158) The dark screen of the Samsung P10 is mostly caused by damage to the high-voltage board, which can be solved by replacing the high-voltage board.
(159) Samsung P30 loses power after starting for a period of time, mostly because the CPU fan is damaged.
(160) The Samsung P28 does not display when it is powered on, mostly because the north bridge is damaged.
(161) The startup screen of Samsung P10 is abnormal, which is mostly due to the failure of the graphics card.
(162) The screen of Samsung R45 is dark, mostly because the power supply circuit of the high voltage board is faulty.
(163) The Samsung X05 is not powered on, mostly because the south bridge is damaged.
(164) The Samsung X30 does not display when it is powered on, mostly because the graphics card is damaged.
(165) Samsung P28 crashes, mostly due to hard disk failure.
(166) The Samsung V25 does not display when it is powered on, mostly due to the faulty welding of the north bridge.
(167) Samsung X05 does not recognize the hard disk, mostly because the hard disk interface cable is not in good contact.
(168) Samsung X15 does not display when it is powered on, mostly because the graphics card's power supply LT1778 is damaged, causing the graphics card to have no power supply.
(169) The model of the Samsung X10 graphics card is GF5200, {$ Y4 The blurred screen is mostly caused by the graphics card's faulty soldering.
(170) The blurred screen of Samsung laptops is mostly caused by the virtual soldering of the graphics card.
(171) Most Samsung laptops use super I/O HD64F2169 or H8, integrated power management, boot function
Can, damage will cause no power.
(172) The ASUS Z9000 lost power when it was turned on, mostly because the PC card slot was damaged.
(173) ASUS A3000 powers off when it is turned on, mostly due to weak soldering of the CPU power supply chip.
(174) ASUS A3V, the touchpad is easy to break.
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(175) ASUS AJ8 south bridge is fragile, causing no power on.
7.7 Other brands
(176) Founder T5800D is not powered on, mostly due to I/O damage.
(177) Fangzheng Yihe E200 is not powered on, mostly due to damage to the north bridge.
(178) The screen of TCL 9100 is dark, mostly due to the failure of the high voltage board
(179) The blurred screen of TCL E100 is mostly caused by the weak soldering of the graphics card.
(180) The power port of Tsinghua Tongfang V400C is easily broken, causing no power supply.
(181) Tsinghua Tongfang Chaorui T30, it is turned on and off from time to time, crashes from time to time, most of which are due to weak soldering of the CPU socket.
(182) Tsinghua Tongfang Chaorui F3600, the time and date cannot be saved, mostly because the CMOS is out of power, replace the CMOS battery.
(183) The Acer 2900E does not turn on when it is powered on, which is mostly caused by I/O solder joints.
(184) Tsinghua Tongfang Chaorui V4200D does not display when powered on, and there are many false welds in the north bridge.
(185) Tsinghua Tongfang Chaorui F4500 is not powered on, mostly due to I/O damage.
(186) The BenQ 5000G does not display when it is powered on, mostly due to the weak soldering of the graphics card.
(187) Hedy Xinda S413A is not powered on, mostly because the south bridge is damaged.
(188) Haier H275 has irregular blue screens, mostly caused by memory.
(189) Haier notebook computer, if the gold finger of the memory is dirty, it will cause the boot to crash.
(190) Haier H225 is turned on sometimes and not turned on sometimes, and the CPU power supply chip is weakly soldered.
(191) Shenzhou Tianyun W300A, the screen is dark, mostly because the high-voltage board is damaged.
(192) Shenzhou Tianyun T280D, after changing the high-voltage board, it caused no power supply, mostly because ITE8510E I/O was damaged, and the problem was solved by replacing the I/O.
(193) BenQ, Founder, Hedy, Tsinghua Tongfang, TCL, and Shenzhou laptops mostly use super integrated boot
Function. If the I/O is damaged, it will not be powered on, if the I/O is soldered, it will not be displayed when it is powered on, and the power will be turned off when it is turned on.
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Chapter 8 Classic Fault Maintenance Case Analysis
Aiming at the problem of 16V short circuit, this chapter describes the maintenance ideas in detail for Lenovo Rising Sun 150, ACR4520D,
IBM X31, IBM R50, IBM T40~T42, and IBM T60 laptops.
and maintenance precautions.

Case number one. Main board power supply short circuit maintenance analysis
The short circuit of the main power supply of the notebook, Lenovo's 19V, IBM16V, etc., is a headache for many maintenance personnel. this
I have repaired this problem a lot, and many of them were sent over by peers who could not fix it, because many peers repaired it based on experience, and did not know the
power supply frame diagram of the notebook motherboard, that is, the relationship between each circuit and each The composition of the circuit.
1. To solve this problem, we must first start with the power supply principle on the notebook.
Here, the power supply part of the notebook is the Centrino generation machine as an example.
(1) Common chips MAX1631, MAX1999, and MAX1901 for system power supply 3.3V and 5V circuits (mainly supply power for motherboard interfaces and peripherals,
USB, CPU fan, optical drive, hard disk, and provide power for exciter circuits for other circuits ).
(2) Group power supply 1.2V, 1.05V; 2.5V, 1.25V; 1.8V, 1.5V This circuit is a common power supply chip MAX1845, ISL6227 (these are mainly for the north bridge,
south bridge, graphics card, memory power supply of the motherboard ).
(3) There is CPU power supply ADP3205, MAX1987 SC1476CPU power supply, the new machine is generally 2
Group power supply (two high-end MOS tubes, two low-end MOS tubes, add inductance as a group).
(4) The charging circuit is generally a charging chip and a set of MOS tubes.
(5) High-voltage board circuit (the main reason here is that the interface line breaks and causes a short circuit, or the high-voltage board is damaged).
2. The critical issues in servicing these circuits
(1) Except for the high-voltage board circuit; each circuit and composition principle are similar, a chip and a set of MOS tubes or
The two groups (the ones connected to the main power supply are called high-end MOS tubes, and the ones connected to the ground are called low-end MOS tubes) MOS tubes are
single or double, and the pin definitions of different machines are different. The most special one is Samsung's pins.
(2) Then there will be a filter capacitor at the input end of each circuit, and there will be two in general machines, and there is usually one on the side of the high-end
MOS tube, or on the side of the main power supply of the chip. Pay special attention that the filter capacitors input by each circuit are connected, the high-end MOS tubes are
also connected, and the chip has the main power supply, which is also connected. In this case, as long as one of the filter capacitors is short-circuited, the main power supply will
be short-circuited. short circuit.
3. Common faults in maintenance
We have always advocated that maintenance is the same as seeing a doctor. Through testing points and judging the component that caused the failure according to the situation, it will be quickly
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Chapter 2 Power Supply of Notebook Computer

The key pin test points are as follows.

(3) 31- pin to 37 -pin CPU voltage identification pins.

the power supply signal is output.

Advanced Course in Laptop Repair (Chip Level) ( 2nd Edition)

Figure 2-94 Toshiba A100 CPU control signal circuit

2.6.6 Overhaul of CPU power supply unit circuit

Chapter 2 Power Supply of Notebook Computer

(3) Internal feedback circuit power supply input VCC 5V.

(5) The main power supply of the power supply chip.

2.6.7 Common faults of CPU power supply unit circuit

1. No CPU power supply output

supply unit circuit not working.

high and low-end MOS tubes.

2. Power loss caused by CPU power supply unit circuit

Advanced Course in Laptop Repair (Chip Level) ( 2nd Edition)

(4) Heat dissipation causes CPU temperature protection.

2.6.8 Maintenance Cases

sent for help.

working properly, causing the power-on to not display.

Chapter 2 Power Supply of Notebook Computer

PR136 . As shown in Figure 2-96 .

Advanced Course in Laptop Repair (Chip Level) ( 2nd Edition)

So send it in for repair.

to ground is 20ÿ, both are normal.

Chapter 2 Power Supply of Notebook Computer

Figure 2-97 Lenovo F41 1.05V power supply circuit diagram

2.5V reference voltage output. As shown in Figure 2-98 .

Advanced Course in Laptop Repair (Chip Level) ( 2nd Edition)

appears. Installation and copying are all normal.

Chapter 2 Power Supply of Notebook Computer

inductance and CPU inductance are all normal.

the installation test, everything is normal.

with the circuit of the IBM laptop, I sent it for help.

Advanced Course in Laptop Repair (Chip Level) ( 2nd Edition)

on the T60 laptop motherboard and replace them.

copied, everything is normal.

Chapter 2 Power Supply of Notebook Computer

Advanced Course in Laptop Repair (Chip Level) ( 2nd Edition)

did not show.

are all normal.

shown in Figure 2-100 .

as shown in Figure 2-101 .

Advanced Course in Laptop Repair (Chip Level) ( 2nd Edition)

Figure 2-101 IBM T400 CPU power supply circuit diagram 2

Figure 2-102 IBM T400 CPU power supply circuit diagram 3

Chapter 2 Power Supply of Notebook Computer

Figure 2-103 IBM T400 0.75V power supply circuit Figure 4

Advanced Course in Laptop Repair (Chip Level) ( 2nd Edition)

Chapter 2 Power Supply of Notebook Computer

ASUS LOGO appears. Installation and copying are all normal.

Advanced Course in Laptop Repair (Chip Level) ( 2nd Edition)

Steady straight line. Then install and copy all normal.

Often, power failure occurs when the power is connected.

and it can also be used.

Chapter 2 Power Supply of Notebook Computer

The LOGO interface appeared before our eyes.

power is turned on, so he sent for help.

Advanced Course in Laptop Repair (Chip Level) ( 2nd Edition)

booted into the PE test with a U disk , everything was normal.

detect laptop circuit failure.

1.05V voltages are normal, and the CPU power supply is