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Kinematics
Electromagnetic Induction
Waves
Sound
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Magnets
Physical Units
FULL Physics Formulas (New Version)
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Notes summarised from class lessons and Physics Textbook/notes
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(all exam notes are summarised to ensure instant revision)
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" There are no traffic jams along the extra mile."
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New Physics notes are added to Ray-Resources for free download
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PHYSICS Kinematics
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Pendulum
In pendulum,
Period is the time taken for 1 complete oscillation. > depends of the
length of pendulum string.
Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic Induction refers to the phenomenon of producing
an e.m.f in a circuit due to changing magnetic fields.
1. Soleniod
2. A.C Generator
3. Transformer
Solenoid
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-North, Current move in NT Clockwise Direction. (Anti-clockwise)
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If the magnet moves AWAY from the coil of wire, the direction of current will be opposite!
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Galvonometer is a very sensitive device to measure current. (Similar to ammeter)
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From Diagram:
1. 2 Carbon Brushes
2. 2 Slip Rings
3. 1 Permenent Magnet
4. Rectangular Coil mounted on axle.
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- It is to ensure that the induced current in the circuit always has a closed
circuit to flow while the coil is rotating.
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(e.m.f- Electromotive Force)
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Question: Describe the process/operation of the A.C Generator
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1. Turn the wire.
2. The wire cuts through the magnetic field as it turns.
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Drawing tips: The rectangular wire must be between the magnets- Cannot draw it bigger than width of
magnets. Carbon Brushes must touch Slip rings. See carefully how is the wire connected to the Slip
Rings! All labels must have arrows touching their respective components.
Transformer
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Primary- Part where power is supplied (Put in)
Labels in Transformer:
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Ip - Current in Primary
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Is - Current in Secondary
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Vp - Voltage in Primary
Vs - Voltage in Secondary
Types of Transformer:
Step-Down Transformer- Reduce Voltage (lesser coil turns at secondary) (Used for all
home appliances)
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Step-Up Transformer- Increases Voltage (More Coil turns at secondary) (Used for
factory purposes)
- Induced EMF is produced only when there is changing magnetic fields, A.C current cause magnetic field to
change so EMF is produced.
- If a transformer is connected to a D.C (Direct Current) input, the current will be steady so no induced emf
produced!
2. Alternating Voltage cause iron core to magnetise and the magnetic field to change.
Uses of Transformer
Electric Power Transmission
Waves
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WAVES
Memorise these Definitions:
What is a wave?
2 Types of Waves
- Transverse waves refers to waves where the direction of travel is perpendicular (↕)
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to the direction of vibration. (Light/Water)
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- Longitudinal Waves refers to waves where the direction of travel is parallel (↔) to the
direction of vibration.(eg.Sound)
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Wavelength refers to the distance between one crest to the next successive crest. SI
Unit: Lamda 入
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Frequency refers to the number of waves produced per unit time. SI Unit: Hertz
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(Hz)
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Speed refers to the distance travelled by the wave per unit time.
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V= F入
Deep to Shallow Water:
Wavelength - Become Shorter
Frequency - NO CHANGE
Speed - Slower
Sound
SOUND
“Sound is produced by vibrations placed in a medium”
Remember:
Sound can travel though a medium (Material) eg. Solid, Liquid, Gases)
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Rarefaction occurs when the air molecules are further apart and the air
pressure is lowerthan the surrounding pressure.
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Factors that Affect speed of sound:
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1) Temperature- The higher the faster.
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2) Medium - Solid > Liquid > Gas (Fastest in solid, Slowest in Gas)
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3) Humidity - More humid is faster than less humid
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V=2s/t
In this formula, "V" is speed, "s" is distance, "t" is the time.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Magnets
MAGNETS
#Magnetic Materials:
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1. Cobalt
2. Iron
3. Steel
4. Nickel
#All magnetic materials can attract to magnet, only magnets can repel magnets.
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Ways to Demagnetise Magnets
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1. Dropping/ Hammering
2. Heating
3. Electrical Method (Use of AC Current)
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-The direction the arrow point is North. North always attract the south, South always attract the
North. This is why Compass D have it's pointer pointing at South Pole of the
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magnet.
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Important Formulars
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Physical Units
Physical Units
Suggestions
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