Cultivation & Economics of

Geranium, Rosemary &

Lavender

Kamlesh Kumar , Scientific Officer (Agro)

Fragrance and Flavour Development Centre
Kannauj- 209 726, India
Mobile:-9648253321
E-mail: kk423845@gmail.com, ag@ffdcindia.com
 GERANIUM
Common Name Geranium or Rose Geranium
Botanical Name
Common Name Pelargonium graveolence
Geranium or Rose GeraniumL.
Improved Varieties
Botanical Name CIM-Pawan, PG-IIIM-101,
Pelargonium graveolence L. etc
Improved
Sowing Varieties
time Bipuli, Hemanti,
Oct-Nov (Plains)etc
Sowing time Oct-Nov (Plains)
Feb-March (Hills)
Feb-March (Hills)
Quantity of Plants 40,000 plants/ha (plains)
Quantity of Seed 40,000 plants/ha (plains)
28,000 plants/ha(Hills
28,000 plants/ha (Hills
Spacing
Spacing 50
50xx 50 cmPlains
50 cm Plains
60x60
60x60 cm (Hills)
cm (Hills)
Life span
Life span 88to9
to9 months
months (Plains)
(Plains)
2-5Years
2-5 Years (Hills)
(Hills)
 GERANIUM
Type of soil Rich loam to sandy loam with
good drainage
Fertilizers 120 : 80 : 60 (N:P:K)
with FYM 15-20 tonnes/ha
Harvesting 4 to 5 months (Plains)
4 months (Hills)
Yield 30-35 kg/ha (Plains)
35-40 kg/ha (Hills)
Cost of cultivation Rs. 80,000/ha.
Market Rate Rs. 8000/kg
Gross return Rs. 2,40,000/ha
Net return Rs. 1,60,000/ha
Uses High grade Perfumes,
substitute of rose, Cosmetics, etc.
Main chemicals: Citronellol, geraniol, Rohdinol
 Lavender
• Common Name Lavender/ Lavendula/True lavender
• Botanical Name Lavendula officinalis/angustifolia L.
• Family Lamiaceae
• Improved Variety RRL-12
• Sowing time Nursery : Autumn (October to
November)
Transplanting : Spring (March to April)
By cutting: Autumn and spring

• Quantity of Seed Nursery : 5 to 10 kg/ha seeds

Cuttings : 3,34,000 plants/ha
• Spacing 40 x 10 cm
30X10 cm
• Life span 10 to 15 Years
• Climate Cool temp. with moderate warm summer
• Type of soil Light loam to calcareous with good
drainage
The close-up of Lavender plants
The field view of Lavender at Kashmir
 Lavender
Fertilizers 100 : 40 : 40 (N:P:K) with FYM-10 to
15 tonnes/ha (if available)
Harvesting November to December
Yield 30 to 40 kg oil/ha.
Cost of cultivation Rs. 100,000/ha.
Market Rate Rs. 10,000/kg
Gross return Rs. 300,000/ha
Net return Rs. 200,000/ha

Uses High grade perfume, Cosmetic,

Creams, Talcum powder, After save
lotions, Pharmaceuticals,
Flavours,etc.
Main chemical Linalool (25-45%), Linalyl acetate
(30- 40%), and others 180
components.
 Rosemary
Common Name Rosemary
Botanical Name Rosmarinus officinalis L.
Family Lamiaceae
Sowing time August to September (Nur.)
September to October (Tran)
Quantity of Seed 10,000 cutting /acre
25,000 cuttings/ha
Spacing 60 x 60 cm
Life span 2 to 3 years
Type of soil Sandy loam to loam with
good drainage and low
fertility (even in foot hills). It
is susceptible to frost
 Rosemary
Fertilizers 100 : 40 : 30 (N:P:K)
with 5-10 FYM tonnes/ha.
Harvesting/flower 7 to 8 months 1st harvesting
after and rest 4-5 months
interval
Yield 50 to 60 kg oil/ha.
12 to 14 ton/ha. (Fresh Herbs)
Cost of cultivation 150,000/ha.
Market Rate 8,000/kg
Gross return 4,00,000/ha
Net return 2,50,000/ha
Uses Culinary, medicine, perfumery
and cosmetic industries
Main chemicals Alfa-pinene (17-25%), camphene (6-
10%), 1,8-Cineole (15-25%), Limonene (3-5%), Myrcene (2-
10%), etc.
 Sandalwood
Botanical Name Santalum album
Hindi Name Chandan
Planting material Rooted plant/seed
Host Plants Duranta spp/ Pigeon pea
Average life span of plant 60 year
Average Maturation time 18-20 year
Planting time March-April, July-August
Soil type sandy loam with good
Water drainage
Spacing 4X5 meter
Plants required/ha 500 approx.
Fertilizers FYM with neem cake
 Cultivation cost
S. No. Activity Amount (in Rs.)
1. Cost of rooted plant @Rs. 150/plant 75,000.00
2. Cost of Host plants @Rs. 30/host plant 15,000.00
Transportation cost@Rs.10/plant approx. 5000.00
3. Cost of Land preparation/Ha 15000.00
4. Cost of FYM & Neem cake 15 ton/Ha/ year up to 20 900,000.00
year @3000/ton
5. Labour cost for making of pits & plantation of rooted 10000.00
plants
6. Irrigation @22000/year approx. For 20 year 440,000.00
7. Weeding @24000/year for 20 year 480,000.00
8. Pruning @15000/year for 20 year 300,000.00
9. Organic Insecticide/pesticide @10000/year approx. for 200,000.00
20 year
10. Plant Security @20,000/month approx. for last 10 year 2400,000.00
11. Miscellaneous expenditure @Rs. 50,000/year 20,00,000.00
Total 50,40,000.00
Total Average expenditure/year 2,52,000.00
 Return
Gross return
S. No. Particulars Average price (in Amount (in Rs.)
Rs.)
1. Average production of heartwood 2500/Kg 3,75,00,000.00
30 kg/plant after 20 year

2. Average production of sapwood 100/kg 50,00,000.00

100 kg/plant after 20 year

Total 4,25,00,000.00

Net Return
Rs. 4,25,00,000 -50,40,000
=Rs.374,60,000/20 year
Products from Sandalwood

1. Making of attar
2. Making of Fragrance
3. Cosmetics