Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

BatStateU Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

Chemical and Food Engineering Department

Activity No. 1
Green Tourism: An Eco-Friendly and Sustainable
Approach in the Tourism Industry

Submitted by:
ARRIETA, Angel Nicole A.
AZUCENA, Aren Lorie C.
DIAZ, Kristine Mae L.
PLATA, Alyssa Sydney L.
SANCHEZ, Paul MC Darell C.

Submitted to:
Engr. Nico John Rosaldo Abratique, M.Eng

Date:
June 29, 2021
 INTRODUCTION

Tourism, more than any other industry, is reliant on the environment. As a result,
environmental concerns such as biodiversity loss, pollution, global warming, trash accumulation,
and natural resource depletion have an impact on tourism just as much as other global issues
such as the economic crisis or terrorism. Digging deeper into the relationship of tourism and the
environment, Tourism can also pose negative factors. These negative factors have a significant
influence on the natural environment, which is generally the deciding factor in travels.
Uncontrolled the tourism industry is compromising numerous regular regions all throughout the
planet. It can squeeze a region, and lead to negative ecological effects on air and water quality,
vegetation, soil, wildlife, and numerous different things.

With all the negative impact tourism has on the environment, various alternatives are
being introduced to the people. The implementation of eco-friendly tourism activities involving
visiting natural areas. This also includes the way people travel from one place to another but
lessening the harm done in the environment. These activities can also assist us in rethinking how
to balance, respect, safeguard, and enforce human rights in the current climate change
environment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this study, a well-established method was presented to examine the study being
conducted. The integrative review method was utilized since it involves various methodologies
and provides different standpoints on such circumstances. In this study, the integrative review
approach was employed which expound different aspects of clean environment rights between
sustainable tourism and green logistics. The integrated review analysis demonstrates how critical
it is to strike a balance between the context between the right to a clean environment, the climate
change issues, and the remedies for green logistics solutions for sustainable tourism.

Identification of the problem, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis, and
presentation are the components used in the integrative review method. Moreover, Researchers
also perform data analysis which conveys legal cases and conventions, literature on tourism,
climate change, and sustainability, and literature on green logistics solutions for sustainable
tourism. In line with that, seeking the balance framework was implemented to provide solutions
as regards to the clean environment rights, and legal regulations that tackle tourism challenges
considering climate change and sustainability.

RESULTS

The right to a clean environment is understood as the relationship between the

environment and humans. Meanwhile, tourism is also a global phenomenon, as Mearns argues,
which is highly sensitive to climate change, but is, at the same time, a major contributor to
climate change that could have a significant impact on natural and manmade traction worldwide.
Moreover, the implementation of green logistics initiatives for sustainable tourism should be
based on the economic, ecological, and social responsibility levels that are equivalent and
complementary.
 DISCUSSION

1. The Right to a Clean Environment and Its Legal Regulations

The right to a clean environment is essential. It is both reliant upon and a precondition to
various other human rights, including economic, social, civil, political, and social rights. For
instance, the protection, preservation, and rebuilding of the environment are fundamental for the
delight in the rights to wellbeing, to food, also, to a fair, and noble life. The right to a clean
environment is separated into two sections: First, the idea of a clean environment is talked about,
and afterward the legitimate guidelines for a clean environment are also introduced.

1.1 The Right to a Clean Environment

According to Melissa Thome, the environment is defined as “a human right” and clearly
emphasizes that this entails the right to a “safe, healthy, and environmentally sustainable
environment”. To secure human existence, our current circumstance and emotionally supportive
network should be kept up and ensured. One approach to achieve this assurance is through the
order or acknowledgment of a lawful common liberty to the environment. Breaking down the
idea of a clean environment, legal advisors and researchers have investigated the connection
between human rights and the right to a clean environment from alternate points of view. (1) The
absence of the right to a clean environment; (2) The existence of the right to a clean
environment; and (3) The right to a clean environment stemming from other inherent human
rights. Moreover, in logical lawful writing, the right to a perfect climate is related with other
human social, financial, social, political, and social equality.

1.2 Legal Regulation of the Right to a Clean Environment

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights also recognizes people's rights to a clean and
safe environment. Individuals' rights to a safe, healthy, and clean environment are emphasized in
this proclamation. Cases addressing the greenhouse effect and emissions, particularly CO2, are
frequently heard in international tribunals. By tackling climate change and other environmental
concerns, legal instruments strive to maximize the guarantee of citizens' rights being
implemented. In this case, the question is whether the application of legal standards may be
improved across many industries, such as tourism and green logistics. As a result, the following
section of this page covers travel challenges in relation to climate change and sustainability.

2. Tourism Challenges: Concerning Climate Change and Sustainability

The travel industry holds a huge responsibility in terms of environment quality to

guarantee a clean environment which will be beneficial for everyone. Aside from other fields, the
travel industry relies upon the environment. Overtourism is a major issue since it has negative
natural and social effects. As far as natural effects, overtourism adds to an expansion in water
utilization, air contamination, litter and waste in the travel industry objections (Kiwano, 2021).
Generally, the role of the travel industry is to guarantee the quality of the environment. The
whole travel industry should find ways to lessen the GHG emissions related with its exercises. It
appears to be critical to take note that green solutions in logistics could likewise add to a clean
environment maintenance.
 3. Green Logistics Solutions for Sustainable Tourism

Green logistics describes all attempts to measure and minimize the ecological impact of
logistics activities. As green logistics and sustainable tourism concepts are closely intertwined,
complementing each other to preserve a high quality and clean environment, all efforts in the
green logistics area are, therefore, focused on contributing to sustainability. In line with this,
Seroka-Stolka et al. (2021) emphasized that the implementation of green logistics initiatives for
sustainable tourism should be based on the economic,ecological, and social responsibility levels
that are equivalent and complementary. According to Broman and Robèrt (2017) ecological,
social, and financial capital is essential for sustainable society and for the transition to such a
society. Thus, governmental authorities should enforce green practices in logistics and
transport-related operations, to increase tourist safety and security, which may mitigate adverse
effects on environmental sustainability and also attract tourists.

3.1 Tourism Mobilities

Tourism mobilities have been the subject of an increasing amount of research in recent
years. As Nilsson (2019) points out, it is in a constant state of change; innovations such as
low-cost aviation and internet reservation platforms have spawned new dynamics, including new
tourist activity and mobility patterns. Nilsson (2019) also noted that attempts to increase
non-motorized transportation participation have steadily become more important and appealing.
Recent research shows the importance of discussing tourism mobilities. Drones, as one more
challenging solution, emerging in green research, would seem to have great potential to save the
environment. In addition, according to Docherty (2019), there will undoubtedly be a shift
towards a more advanced future for mobility, which will have a major impact on the role of
mobility in society.

3.2 Green Tourism Transport Solution --Bicycle Tourism

A change to human-powered transportation modes like bicycling for short commute

journeys would be excellent for health, except from the danger of road traffic harm, according to
available research (Woodcock et al. 2009). These travels produce no greenhouse gas or air
pollution, incorporate physical activity into people's everyday lives, and are inexpensive
(Hosking et al. 2011). Bicycling as a form of tourism is one of the most important methods for
towns to benefit from long-term economic growth. Many studies have looked at the economic
advantages of trails for towns, states, and individual trails, and many have shown considerable
results. Maintenance of bicycle infrastructure is also less energy-intensive in the long run. In line
with this, a bicycle does not produce any smoke or use any gasoline. This boldly proclaims it to
be a "zero-emission vehicle." As a result, if vehicles were replaced by bicycles, carbon emissions
would be reduced and air quality would improve.

3.3 Green Tourism Co-Creation of Smart Velomobility

Sustainable transport and travel also referred to as soft mobility or sustainable mobility
play an important role in the development of sustainable tourism as tourism-related transport,
especially road and air traffic, is on the rise, and contributes considerably to greenhouse gas
emissions, pollution and climate change. Developing and encouraging the use of different modes
of transport with low impact on the environment. To achieve this, consistent and innovative
sustainable mobility strategies and measures need to be formulated and introduced at destination
and business level. The concept of velomobility relates to mobility research related to cycling. It
relates to physical mobility, infrastructure, power relationships, representations, and everyday
experiences and practices by exploring the digital and online aspects of mobility, transport, cities,
and objects. The deployment of smart transport systems in cars and public transport is changing
rapidly from a niche activity to a basic socio–technical mode, while intelligent cycling remains
in a niche state and, therefore, has the potential for innovations in further integrating low carbon
technology transitions.

3.4 Green Tourism Transport Solution via Walkability

Walking, our most prevalent means of transportation, is one of the most popular ways for
travelers to get a close look at a place while being active. Walking tourism allows tourists to
experience a destination directly and deeply through their five senses. It also encourages
meaningful contacts with the local community, as well as with the environment and culture.
Walking is discussed by Hall and Ram (2019) as a vital part of the visitor experience as well as a
key component of sustainable mobility. The authors also stress the importance of assessing
tourist hiking and transportation possibilities in order to encourage visitors to employ active
transportation at specific sites.Moreover, Walking tourism has the ability to deliver a variety of
social and economic advantages to communities when local citizens along a route, as well as
other stakeholders, are involved in its development. It also encourages tourism demand to be
dispersed to less-visited locations and regions, as well as during off-peak seasons.

4. Seeking Balance for the Right to a Clean Environment

The significance of seeking a balance indicates a clean environment that serves as the
context, climate change as the challenge, and green logistics solutions for sustainable tourism as
solutions by using an integrative approach. Consequently, the discussions are divided into three
sections which pertain to context, challenges and solutions. The discussion elaborates on
alternative travel solutions wherein it applies the “seeking balance” framework.

4.1 The Right to a Clean Environment as the Context

Assuring the human right to a clean, healthy, and safe natural environment, as well as
preserving the environment from negative impacts, is one of the most critical challenges from
both a socioeconomic and legal-political standpoint.Various negative issues such as pollution,
climate change, and nuclear hazards have a significant impact on the environment, endangering
not just human life and health but also mankind as a whole. The aforementioned global
challenges necessitate coordinated national and international reactions and solutions.

Meanwhile, according to Lewis, an attempt to recognize the right to a good environment

under international human rights law has few prospects of success. Furthermore, the environment
can have a direct detrimental influence on human rights. As a result, it's worth noting that current
legislative proposals and concrete decisions aimed at realizing the right to a safe and clean
environment have only served to divert attention away from the critical work that needs to be
done to strengthen and clarify the relationship between human rights and the environment.
 4.2 Climate Change as the Challenge

Climate change poses a threat to all life on the planet, including the tourist places that
rely on it. There are two aspects to the link between climate change and tourism: climate change
has an influence on tourism, and tourism has an impact on climate change. The tourist industry is
extremely vulnerable to climate change while also contributing to the production of greenhouse
gases (GHG), which is one of the primary drivers of global warming. Accelerating climate action
in tourism is consequently critical for the sector's long-term survival. There are many factors that
contribute to climate change when tourism is involved. (1) The tourism and travel industry is
becoming increasingly reliant on high-energy transportation and activities, as well as more
opulent lodgings, further reducing eco-efficiency, (2) Air travel is responsible for a growing
portion of all tourist and travel-related global warming, which now exceeds 60%. The question
remains, in this tough and complex position, what should be done to at least partially alleviate
the difficulties outlined above.

4.3 Green Logistics for Sustainable Tourism as Solutions

Tourism and transport represent probably the greatest threats to a clean and safe
environment. The keen and designated utilization of green logistics thoughts in the travel
industry would help restrict and decrease negative variables and at any rate somewhat
accomplish the right to a clean and safe environment. As indicated by Behrendt (2019), the
different advantages of cycling, for example, better general wellbeing and prosperity, lower
discharge esteems, reasonableness, expanded actual work, and decreased blockage and outflows,
can be acknowledged in the savvy/computerized world age. Nilsson (2019) sees that in a city,
there is a connection between vehicles, vehicle speed, and social cooperation, as regions
overwhelmed by cycling and walking offer a larger number of types of assistance and exercises
than vehicle ruled regions.

Moreover, the tourism industry should embrace better approaches for the reasoning and,
all the more critically, act to foster systems to make vacationers greener and all the more socially
conscious while they are voyaging. This would urge vacationers to begin contemplating how
they head out and to act as indicated by their objections. According to Weston et al., (2019) this
would likewise uphold the techniques of supportability in the foundation of maintainable
transport and the improvement of reasonable development in the tourism industry. It would offer
travelers the chance to act similarly to what they think. It would settle difficulties between local
people, vacationers and novel spots, together searching for savvy, more reasonable acts of green
solutions.

4.4 The Framework “Seeking Balance”

The framework depicted below emphasizes the necessity of striking a balance between
the context of "the right to a clean environment," the issue of "climate change," and the solutions
of "green logistics for sustainable tourism." Avoiding and Restricting of an individual's freedom
to travel was not discussed in the same article. Despite the fact that it reduced tourist traffic, it
was considered to have a detrimental influence on the ecology. Through the intervention of
outsiders in the target society, tourism has the potential to harm local populations. Tourism, on
the other hand, has the potential to protect cultural and natural assets.
 The discussion may be observed
by transforming tourism into something
that benefits people and the
environment. However, the argument is
no longer about whether the negative
impacts of tourism should be handled
by technical advancement or by
regulating ourselves. Meanwhile,
according to Rossello et al. (2020),
natural disasters and unforeseen
occurrences have a wider influence on
all domains, including tourism, and
catastrophes have emphasized the impact of disasters on tourist requirements. As a result, it
appears to be particularly necessary to consider the potential uses of appropriate technical
solutions to this problem. Furthermore, Scott et al. (2012) emphasize the necessity for
international tourist leadership to enhance its sector's scale, emissions, and monitoring capability
in order to satisfy the growing demands for transparency and place tourism firmly on a
low-carbon economy path. Green logistics concepts and solutions that promote more sustainable
tourism and practices might stimulate the adoption of the stated solutions aimed at minimizing
environmental impacts while also contributing to the realization of the human right to a clean
environment. This is a good thing, because some of the proposed remedies are in response to the
current rethinking of sustainability.

CONCLUSION

Sustainable alternatives could balance the right to travel with the right to a clean
environment, highlighting the importance of seeking a balance between the context of right to a
clean environment, challenge which is climate change, and green solutions which is green
logistics for sustainable tourism. The right to a clean environment should allow a person to live
in a harmonious system, where environmental factors do not pose a risk to human health and
well-being. The implementation of this right requires complex decisions. Greater attention
should be given to clarifying states’ obligations to respect, protect, and enforce human rights in
the context of climate change and, in particular, to understand how human rights laws can adapt
to the international and long-term effects of climate change. Thinking about possible green
logistics solutions for sustainable tourism, such as tourism mobilities, bicycle tourism, the
co-creation of smart velomobility, walkability, and others could help us also rethink how to
balance, respect, protect, and enforce human rights in the present-day context of ongoing climate
change challenges.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

The following are suggested as future research subjects, based on the constraints noted and the
results of the paper:

● How the tourism industry impacts environmental conservation

● The rights of individuals to a clean and sustainable environment
● The relationship of climate change and the tourism industry
 ● The importance of governments addressing GHG emissions as a threat to
humanity
● Alternative tourism activities and choice of vehicles when travelling
● How Green Travel and Logistics contribute solutions to environmental problems
caused by tourism

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