Welcome To Usability Engineering/ HCI 2021-2022: Introduction & Motivation

Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, October 2021
Cairo University
IS496 (Human-Computer Interaction)/ IS435 Usability Engineering
Dept. of Information Systems
Welcome to
Usability Engineering/ HCI
2021-2022
Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence

This course runs under two codes
IS435: Usability Engineering
IS496: Selected Topics in IS-2(HCI)
2021/2022
Introduction & Motivation
© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

Cairo University Chair on Innovation 1
Cairo University
This lecture
• Part I
– Introduction to your lecturers & the general
aim of the module.
• Part II
– Formal structure (assessment etc.)
• Part III
– Week 1: Introduction to the module - What
is UCA & HCI Design?
© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 3
Part I
Prof. Dr. Galal Hassan Galal-Edeen & Dr Hanan Moussa
• E-mail: Galal@fci-cu.edu.eg & h.moussa@fci-cu.edu.eg
• Twitter: @GalalGalal
• LinkedIn: eg.linkedin.com/in/galaledeen
• Please always use your true name and type IS496: HCI
Design in the subject line. All messages should have a
subject! Messages without a subject or with an
irrelevant subject will be ignored (Subject field should
indicative of the content).
• Lectures: Sunday @9:25 AM: Room 661, Wednesday
@11:15 AM: Hall 7
Ø Walk-in Surgery hours start 30 minutes after each lecture
for 1 hour.
Ø Other times by appointment.
Ø Please follow Twitter account: @IS496 for
urgent messages.
Ø How can I contact you? I need reps.
4
© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen

Cairo University
Let’s get introduced!

• You first:
– Name
– Why did you choose this course? What are
the main things you expect to learn in it?
Your professor
Galal H. Galal-Edeen BSc, BA(Arch), MSc, MSc AAS, PhD, MBCS, CT, CUA
•C U Innovation Chair
•Information Systems Professor
•Visiting professor (UCL)
•Strategy & Technology Transfer
•Architect!
•Certified Trainer & HR Dev. Consultant
•Certified Usability Analyst

Cairo University
A personal background
Professional career
BSc 17 years in the UK
Management Sciences (CIS) Since 1988:
SAMS Lecturer/ Senior Research
Fellow/
MSc Sys. Analysis & Des. Senior Lecturer/
City Univ., London Principal Lecturer in:
Computing/
PhD Inf. Sys. Engineering Information Systems/
Brunel Univ. Software Systems Eng.
etc. /HoD
BA Architecture Brunel Univ., U. of London,
Greenwich University Middlesex Univ.,
MSc Built Environment Univ. of North London,
(Advanced Arch. Studies) Cairo University
UCL- Univ. of London MBCS CITP 7
Dr. Hanan Moussa

• Dr. Hanan Moussa is an Assistant Professor at FCAI since 2010 in the IS
Department
• She has research interests in:
– Information Systems
– Software Engineering
– Software Project Metrics and Estimation
– Requirements Engineering
– Software Project Management
– Systems Development Methodologies
– Quality Management
– Quality Process Frameworks
• Dr. Hanan has more than 28 years of professional experience in IT

• She worked for many national and multinational organizations such as
IBM, HP, ITWorx and CIB
• She played many roles in:
– Project management (traditional and agile)
– Release management
– Service delivery management
– Software development
– Projects metrics and estimation
– Testing and quality assurance
– Presales

Cairo University
First, some ground rules!
• You’re expected to:

– Attend all lectures, labs & do all required exercises.
– Make notes, so have paper and pens!!!
– If there is something you don’t understand: don’t
delay: ask.
– If you have any problem with the course, come to
speak to me or email me immediately.
– I expect you to act responsibly and professionally.
• You can expect me to:
– Treat you respectfully.
– Act professionally & with due care and attention to
your best interest and our teaching mission.
© iazzarof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 9
Mobile phone policy during

sessions
• Mobile phones should NEVER ring
during the lecture.
• Please check & switch yours off NOW.

Cairo University
Usability Engineering
• Aim:
– The aim of this module is to introduce methodical
aspects of human-computer interaction design, with
special emphasis on User-Centered Analysis (UCA) and
User-Centered Design (UCD), and the importance of
interaction design to the success of computer-based
information systems.
• Objectives:
1. Knowledge and Understanding of human-computer
interaction as a multi-stakeholder process of communication.
2. Understand the basic methods and processes appropriate to
interaction design.
3. Understand the application of human factors to the design
and evaluation of interactive systems with regard to both
their physical and informational aspects.
4. Computing-related Cognitive Abilities: Students should be
able to apply their theoretical knowledge to issues that arise
in the design of interactive systems.
Some key concepts
• User research
• Empathy.
• Mental model.
• Models.
• Multiple perspectives.
• Communication.
• Iteration.

Cairo University
Relevant background – please revisit!

• This course assumes you have not
forgotten topics you studies of:
– Information Systems Fundamentals.
– Systems Analysis and Design-1
– Systems Analysis and Design-2
– Software Engineering
– Database Design
• Especially topics on life cycle models, system
modeling notations, data gathering
techniques, requirements analysis & modelling
and representation tools and techniques.
A Few Questions!
• What is Engineering?
• What is Methodology? Are Engineering
& Methodology related? How?
• What is the difference between an
Engineer and a Technician?
• Which role is more important? That of
an Engineer and a Technician?
• Which software or information systems
engineering methodologies do you
know?

Cairo University
Part II
• Lectures: Two 1hr, 15 mins. per week.

• Labs: one 1.5 hrs supervised lab every week.
• Assessment:
– 30% coursework:
• HCI: Individual tasks & assignments (mark distribution for
assignments to be communicated by TAs in labs
– 10% Mid-term
– 60% Final examination.
Textbooks! (check EKB) Egyptian Knowledge Bank

Cairo University
Main text web site

• Some, but not all, of the lectures in this series will be
based on the main recommended textbook (Preece et
al., 2015). Now in its 5th edition (2019).
• The book’s web site is at:
http://www.id-book.com/
• Additional materials will be used.
• I recommend that you read the relevant materials (incl,
chapter slides) before you come to the lecture.
• You may also like to print the slides.
• Annotate the print with your notes.
• Read the chapter along with your notes.
• Extend your notes based on your reading.
Key texts
• Main recommended text (not all materials!):
– Preece, J., Sharp, H., Rogers, Y. (2015) Interaction
design: beyond human-computer interaction, 4th
ed., Wiley. ISBN-13: 978-1119020752 Web site:
http://www.id-book.com/ 5th Ed is out!
• Other useful texts are:
– Norman, Donald A. (2002), The Design of Everyday
Things, Basic Books. ISBN-13: 978-0465067107
– Dix, Alan; Finlay, J.; Abowd, G.; Beale, R. (2004)
Human-computer interaction, 3rd Edition, Prentice
Hall. ISBN-13: 978-0130461094
– Saffer, Dan (2009) Designing for Interaction-
Creating Smart Applications and Clever Devices, 2nd
ed, New Riders Press. ISBN-13: 978-0321643391,
Web: http://www.designingforinteraction.com/
• Other texts for additional background reading
available from the library.

Cairo University
Other useful online sources
• In addition to the sources listed in the

course specification document:
• http://www.cooper.com/journal/ (a
blog: useful for articles on innovative
design in general and there is often
clear focus on usability and interaction
design). Example: read the recent
article on Storywallahs.
• https://www.usability.gov/
A definition of Interaction Design
• John Kolko, Author of Thoughts on Interaction

Design, gives the following definition to
interaction design: “Interaction Design is the
creation of a dialogue between a person and a
product, system, or service. This dialogue is
both physical and emotional in nature and is
manifested in the interplay between form,
function, and technology as experienced over
time.”
https://xd.adobe.com/ideas/principles/human-computer-interaction/what-is-
interaction-design/

Cairo University
A definition of Usability Engineering
• Usability engineering is a professional

discipline that focuses on improving the
usability of interactive systems. It draws on
theories from computer science and
psychology to define problems that occur
during the use of such a system. Usability
engineering involves the testing of designs at
various stages of the development process,
with users or with usability experts.
https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/usability-engineering
Usability Engineering
• Jakob Nielsen, in his 1993 book Usability
Engineering, describes methods to use
throughout a product development process—so
designers can focus on barriers to learnability,
efficiency, memorability, error-free use, and
subjective satisfaction before implementing the
product. He describes how to perform usability
tests & how to use usability heuristics in
usability engineering.
• Ensuring good usability via this process
prevents problems in product adoption after
release.
https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/usability-
engineering © Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 22

Cairo University
LMS
• Blackboard: once you get your ID &
passwords, enroll using the enroll access
code: 675019
Enroll_Access_Code Course_ID Course_Name
Usability Engineering/Selected Topics in
675019 212201.FCI.IS435 Information systems-2 ( HCI ) (IS435 and
IS496)
• It’s imperative that you make notes.

• Some lectures will be uploaded
• Any materials are for use by the
students enrolled for the duration of this
academic session only. Do not share
with others. 23
Indicative Content (may change!)

• Topics (provisional; based on 4th edition)
1. Introduction: "what is Interaction Design?” (Ch1)
2. What is User-Centered Analysis (UCA => UCD)?
3. Creating a Design Strategy (slides).
4. Starting your HCI design: what models & which order
of activities? (slides: Chapter5x_Process maybe self-
read, plus Ch. 9, 10, 11, 12 from the main text).
5. Creating profiles & personas: user, task and
environment (Ch10).
6. Emotional Design (time permitting).
7. Field studies and data gathering (Ch7&8).
8. Scenarios and Task analysis (Ch10).
9. Noun and Information Architectures (extra slides).
10.Design & prototyping: Navigation, Presentation and
Interaction (Ch11&12)
11.Evaluation & evaluation frameworks (Ch 13 & 14)
24
Bham/Dix © Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen

Cairo University
Your FY project
• You will be asked to apply concepts to

your final year project.
WHY IS UCD IMPORTANT?

Cairo University
What is Human Computer

Interaction?
• The term started to be widely used in the
1980s, but roots in established disciplines.
• Origins in factories & wars (WWII)!
• Ergonomics: human engineering
• Human factors (since 1940): ergonomics and
cognitive science.
• User performance in the context of using a
system.
• Specialisation in the area of using computers
came later.
A JET FIGHTER COCKPIT

Cairo University
Cockpit of a Spitfire MkV

Cockpit of a Spitfire MkV
A quote..
• Structurally sound aircraft plummet to
earth, ships run aground in calm seas,
industrial machines run awry, and the
instruments of medical devices main
and kill unsuspecting patients, all
because of the incompatibilities
between the way things are designed
and the way people perceive, think and
act. (Casey, 1993)

Cairo University
Part 1
INTRODUCTION TO UCA
This section is adapted from CUA course materials by HFI

Introduction to UCD & UCA
• What is User-Centered Design?

• What is User-Centered Analysis?
• Knowing how the user works
• How to measure usability (RoI).
• UCA at a glance

Cairo University
Elements of UCD
• Active user involvement.
• Deep understanding of user
environments, requirements and tasks.
• Allocation of function between users
and technology.
• Iteration of design solutions.
• Validation testing with users.
• Multi-disciplinary design.
• Look at entire user experience (UX).
UCD: a definition
• The active involvement of users and a
clear understanding of user and task
requirements; an appropriate allocation
of function between users and
technology, the iteration of design
solutions; multi-disciplinary design (ISO
13407-1999)

Cairo University
Another definition
• ISO 9241-11 (Guidance on usability)
[11] – “the extent to which a product
can be used by specified users to
achieve specified goals with
effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction
in a specified context of use”
What are the objectives?

• Effectiveness…
• Efficiency of use…
• Ease of learning…
• Memorability….
• Error prevention (or at least reduction!)
• Satisfaction
• Fun!
Question: can you measure those?
How?

Cairo University
User Centered Analysis (UCA)
• Discovery of:
– Who the users are
– How they think and work
– Stakeholder goals and objectives
• Through collecting and analyzing data on:
– User profiles
– Work environment
– Scenarios of how the users will use the
interface
– Task analysis.
UCA prime goal: Uncovering the

User’s Mental Model
• People are “very active problem solvers who always have
a current general model in mind that drives their behavior
in a very systematic way, but who are also constantly
refining and revising this model in response to feedback”
(Deborah Mayhew)
• People come with mental models.
• Mental models do not always match reality.
• Mental models set expectations which drive and shape
behavior.
• A primary goal of user-centered analysis is to collect data
on and understand the user’s mental model.

Cairo University
Different mental models for the

same word
Note (v)
!
Different mental models
Calculate

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We have different mental models

Bite (Byte):
Match the user’s mental model to the

interface conceptual model
• The user’s mental model guides all of their
behaviour.
• The user’s mental model drives requests for
functionality.
• About 80% of usability drives from matching the
conceptual model (in the artefact) with the user’s
mental model.
• It’s virtually impossible for people to accurately
describe their own mental models.
• Usability engineers must diagnose and document
the user’s mental model.
• Each UCA step deepens and extends understanding
of the model so that the design can support it.

Cairo University
Exercise: Task Flow

• Go to FCI web site, to find about HCI lectures,
the name of the professor, etc. Model your
expectations in a diagram showing steps like:
1. Select a stream (pathway or degree title).
2. Select a year.
3. Select a day, read to find out what lectures you have.
4. You decide to send the Prof an e-mail to ask if the
main text has been selected.
• Go to the site and see if your experience
matches your task flow. Take notes of where and
how this (match/ mismatch) happens. Does the
site match your expectations of where and how
you can do things?
• If you have time, go to another faculty and do
the same! © Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 43
Understanding User needs is hard!

Lederer and Prassad (1992)
•63% of software projects exceed their
estimates because:
– Frequent requests for changes by users
– Overlooked tasks
– Users’ lack of understanding of their own
requirements
– Insufficient user <> analyst communication or
understanding.
Lederer & Prassad (1992) Nine Management guidelines for better cost estimating. CACM 35(2), pp 51-59
This section is adapted from CUA course materials by HFI


Cairo University
Understanding user needs is hard!

Pressman (2010)
• 80% of software life cycle costs occur during
maintenance phase.
• Every $1 invested in UCD returns between $2 and
$100.
Martin (1983)
• 80% of maintenance costs come from unseen and/or
unmet user requirements
Standish (1983)
• 60% of maintenance phase is due to re-work because
user requirements were not clear in the beginning.
R. Pressman (2010) Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach, MacGraw Hill

J. Martin & McClure (1983) Software Maintenance. Prentice Hall
Being user-centric is worth it!
• Both costs and quality dramatically improve

with more contacts. Successful projects had
more contact with users.
Mark Keil and Erran Carmel. 1995. Customer-developer links in
software development. Commun. ACM 38, 5 (May 1995), 33-44. 47

Cairo University
Piazza.com
• “Students actually use Piazza, they love

it. The difference stems from how we
built Piazza. We've personally met
with and spoken to thousands of
students and instructors. The result
is a beautifully intuitive and simple
product that students love and use. “
(Emphasis added)
UX and Revenue!
• Good customer experience (UX)

generates revenue.
• Facebook profits, WhatsApp bought for
$16B
Source: Temkin Group research report “The Customer Experience-

Loyalty Connection” (2011)

Cairo University
Measuring Usability: is it really

worth it?
• Pay 10% for user-centric design, get 100%
sales increase & triple usage of features.
• Nielsen Norman Group:
Data from 863 design projects, indicate budget of
8% to 13% spent on usability. On average
usability increased by 135%, average
improvement was 202%. Here are the metrics:
– Sales/ conversion rate: up by 100%
– Traffic/ visitor count: up 150%
– User performance/ productivity: up 161%
– Use of specific (desired) features: up 202%
Source: Nielsen Norman Group (Jan 2003) “Usability Return
on Investment”
Are systems developers doing it?

• UCA isn’t part of the traditional project
lifecycle, instead, the tradition is:
1. Identify business needs.
2. Establish feasibility (technical, economic,
social, legal, etc.).
3. Design system architecture.
4. Detail the design.
5. Implement the system.
6. QA testing.
7. Launch.
8. Maintenance.

Cairo University
Interaction design occurs too late!
Design freedom
Where is the budget?
Knowledge of user
(goals, etc.)
© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen Time 53

Cairo University
Are UCA and Usability Testing (UT) the

same?
• No! UCA and UT are not the same!
• User-Centered Analysis (UCA):
– Data gathering and analysis to design.
– Ask: how do users think and work in the entire target
domain?
– What are the factors (environmental, personal, task-related,
etc.) affecting users’ tasks?
– What do users want or expect from the design?
– What are the users’ aspirations, problems (pain points) and
motivations?
• Usability Testing (UT):
– Evaluation of existing design with set criteria.
– Is the design usable?
– Is the design effective, efficient, and satisfactory for the user?
– Can the user complete their tasks?
©Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 54
Tools and techniques

• UCA
– Interviews
– Surveys
– Contextual observation
– Focus Groups
– JAD sessions
• UT (Usability Testing)
– Walkthroughs
– Performance testing
– Subjective rating
– Heuristics
– A-B Testing

Cairo University
Can’t we just do Usability Testing (UT)?

• UT is reactive analysis, vs. the proactive
nature of CUA.
• UT helps to identify problems, but not
tell why such problems occurred or how
to fix them,
• You can observe reactions, but not
understand the underlying reasons.
• UT results are limited to the tasks
performed by the user. They cannot be
generalized to the analysis of the entire
site or application.
Some usability measurements

• Conversion rate.
• Average order value per visitor.
• Increase in pages viewed.
• Decrease in drop-off.
• Decrease in calls to help desk.
• Reduction in training time.
• Increase in usage.
• Savings in user’s time
• Error reduction.

Cairo University
Calculating increased
conversion rates
• Conversion rate: #visitors who
purchase/ # site visitors
• Conversion rate improvement=
improved conversion rate/ current
conversion rate.
• [Annual site revenue * conversion rate
improvement] – annual site revenue =
Annual ROI
Less UCD, More Hidden Costs
Training
Increased
downstream Help desk, product revisions
costs
Implementation
Rush
Design
through
these steps
UI Structure
User/ Task
Analysis
Resources

Cairo University
More UCD, Fewer Hidden Costs
Training
Reduced
Help Desk,
downstream Product
costs Revisions
Implementation
Proactive Detailed design

User-
Centered UI Structure
Analysis
User/ Task Analysis
Resources
HCI can and has been also

referred to as:
• Man-machine Interaction.
• Man-machine Interface.
• Human-machine Interface.
• Human Interface Design.
• Interaction Design.
• Usability Engineering.
• Interface Design.
• Interface Engineering.
• Etc.

Cairo University
Why do we need to study HCI?
• Computer professionals need to write software

& build systems for use, or interfaced with, by
a wide variety of users.
• Many sound (good) technical systems
interface with users in ways that are
ambiguous, unhealthy, hard to learn or simply
make making mistakes easy.
• HCI is centered around the notion of usability.
Goals of HCI/ Usability Eng.

• To support the design of computer-based
information systems that are:
– Useful
– Usable
– Used
• These goals involve either usability or user
experience like:
– Effective.
– Efficient.
– Safe.
– Easy to learn (learnability).
– Understandability.
– Hard to make mistakes.
– Easy to recover from mistakes.
– Pleasing, fun.
– Etc. © Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 63

Cairo University
What disciplines does HCI involve?
• Psychology.
• Cognitive science.
• Ergonomics (Human engineering).
• Sociology.
• Computer science & engineering.
• Systems design.
• Business.
• Graphic design.
• Linguistics.
• Evaluation & experimental design.
What is HCI?
• HCI is a subject that draws on many

disciplines (multi-disciplinary) and is
concerned with the analysis, design,
implementation and evaluation of
interactive systems within the context
of user’s the task and work to achieve a
number of goals (adapted from Dix et
al., 2004)

Cairo University
Why do we need to do HCI?
• Today, the success of technological

systems & artifacts does not rely on
technology alone.
• Success of systems (including
computer-based systems) critically
relies on fit within the context.
• Most often, the context comprises
organisations, other systems and most
importantly, human users.
LAB assignment:
• Read the article: “Complete Beginner’s Guide to
Interaction Design” by Andrew Maier (2018),
available from the book’s web site
(https://www.uxbooth.com/articles/complete-
beginners-guide-to-interaction-design/)..
• Select an every day (useful) object or device that
are reasonably familiar with. Do as instructed by
the exercise sheet. Write the name of the object
and a short description. Stick a photo in if you
can. Prepare a short presentation for next week,
then do a write-up after your presentation &
discussion. Expected size: 1 sheet of A4
(~400words).
• Find details in Assignment Sheet 1.
68

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Examples of objects
• Telephone machine (public, private).
• Telephone answering machine.
• Hi Fi/ Music center/ Wireless audio.
• Remote control.
• Ticket machine.
• Satellite receiver/ Blu-Ray DVD player.
• Car entertainment system (ICE).
• Video/ Still digital camera.
• MP3 player.
• Computer/ printer.
• An instruments panel in a car.
• Mobile phone/ pocket computer/ PDA.
• In-car GPS-based navigation system.
• To help you, look up: http://www.baddesigns.com/
Looking further ahead…

• Develop a design strategy for your project.
• Develop an external view of your final year project:
1. What problem(s) it solves for the stakeholders?
2. What is the overall functionality & services it
offers (use a context diagram, or a use case
diagram, preferably both)?
3. How does your system solve the problem for the
users/ stakeholders? (use storyboards and
sketches).
4. How does your system fit within its
environment? (develop a system architecture
diagram).

Cairo University
An example of a system
architecture
External
info. sources
Shipment & order data
Inventory Management
Inv.
Control reports
M. File
Inventory Master ESS

On-line
queries
User s
manual
DSS
Think like an architect: what surrounds your system? 71
Adapted from: L& L p. 50
Looking further ahead…

• Develop a design strategy of your final
year project:
– Business Goals.
– Target Users.
– General Tasks.
– Technology (or other) Constraints.
– Marketing/ Branding Goals.
– Critical Success Factors.

Cairo University
Reading/ viewing
• Please read chapter 1 & skim chapter 2

of the main text (slides are available on
the web site).
• Please watch the film: Steve Jobs if
you have a chance (12:00 pm on
Thursday 22nd October on MBC2).
Where is the relevance of usability and
UX feature? Write down your thoughts!
Some Values to Ponder
• Don’t take criticism personally: your

product is NOT you!
• Give criticism fairly, kindly and

constructively.

Cairo University
©Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 75


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Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, October 2021

Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence

Introduction & Motivation

© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 3

© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

Let’s get introduced!

© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 5

© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

Dr. Hanan Moussa

• Dr. Hanan has more than 28 years of professional experience in IT

© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

First, some ground rules!

• You’re expected to:

© iazzarof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 9

Mobile phone policy during

© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 10

© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

Some key concepts

© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 12

© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

Relevant background – please revisit!

© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 13

© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

• Lectures: Two 1hr, 15 mins. per week.

© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 15

Textbooks! (check EKB) Egyptian Knowledge Bank

© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 16

© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

Main text web site

© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 17

© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

Other useful online sources

• In addition to the sources listed in the

A definition of Interaction Design

• John Kolko, Author of Thoughts on Interaction

© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

A definition of Usability Engineering

• Usability engineering is a professional

© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 21

© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

• It’s imperative that you make notes.

Indicative Content (may change!)

© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

• You will be asked to apply concepts to

© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 25

WHY IS UCD IMPORTANT?

© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 26

© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

What is Human Computer

© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 27

A JET FIGHTER COCKPIT

© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 28

© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

Cockpit of a Spitfire MkV

© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 29

© Prof. Dr. G. H. Galal-Edeen 30

© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen

This section is adapted from CUA course materials by HFI

Introduction to UCD & UCA

• What is User-Centered Design?

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© Prof. Dr. G H Galal-Edeen