SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES USAGE AND SELF-ESTEEM OF GRADE 12

HUMSS STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITY OF CEBU-MAIN

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the

Senior High School Department
University of Cebu – Main
Cebu City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

The Grade 12 Senior High School Students
Of First Semester S.Y. 2019-2020
in Practical Research 2

ALEGADO, MARY GRACE G.

CARITERO, ANGELINE
EJES, ELLEN GRACE
MAGDOZA, JAY-ANN
ORBISO, HENRYLYN
VILLASENCIO, JUNAPHER

October 2019
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Acknowledgment iv
Dedication v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables vii
Abstract viii

Chapter 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Rationale 1
Theoretical Background 3
Statement of the Problem 6
Scope and Delimitation 7
Significance of the Study 7
Definition of Terms 8

Chapter 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature 9
Related Studies 12

Chapter 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design 15
Research Environment 15
Research Respondents 16
Research Instruments 16
Data Collection Procedure 17
Data Analysis 17

Chapter 4: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

OF DATA
Demographic Profile of Respondents 18
Level of Social Networking Sites Usage 19
Level of Student’s Self-Esteem 20
Relationship Between Social Networking Sites Usage and Self-Esteem 21

Chapter 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings 22
Conclusion 22
Recommendations 22

REFERENCES 24
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APPENDICES
Appendix A: Transmittal Letter 28
Appendix B: Informed Consent 29
Appendix C: Survey Questionnaire 30

CURRICULUM VITAE 33

LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1 Gender Frequency and Most Commonly Used Social 18

Networking Sites
2 Level of Social Networking Sites Usage 19
3 Level of the Student’s Self-esteem 20
4 Correlation of Social Networking Sites Usage on Student’s Self- 21
Esteem
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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the level of

social networking sites and students’ self-esteem. This includes some factor namely the

level of confidence and time spent in social network. The participants of the study

included 30 adolescents from 12 HUMSS students in University of Cebu- Main Senior

High School Department. The participants were administered using Social Networking

Usage Questionnaire (SNUQ) by Liyaqat Bashir and Gupta Savita and Rosenberg Self -

Esteem Scale questionnaire including the demographic profile of the respondents.

Findings revealed that most of the respondents are female and Facebook is the commonly

used social networking sites. It further revealed that the level of social networking sites

usage among student holds high which means they are using this for various reason; the

level of students’ self-esteem holds average level. The finding of the study shows that

there is no significant relationship between social networking sites usage and students’

self-esteem, which conclude that social networking sites usage and students’ self-esteem

does not correlate to each other. Based on the results, the researchers recommend that the

respondents may impose time limits on using social networking sites so that it may not

affect to their other daily activities such as studying, making school projects and etc.; and

the future researchers may conduct similar studies with larger sample size.

Keywords: social networking sites usage; students’ self-esteem

 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKROUND

Rationale

Social networking sites are an online platform that brings people together

to communicate in sharing ideas, interest and finding a new friend. As social networking

sites are well-established, teenagers can now easily access these sites. Users create their

profile with personal data, photographs to form connections and develop their

relationships with others through sharing, messaging, texting and commenting. While

self-esteem, is the evaluation of an individual in regards to themselves. It expresses an

attitude of approval to one’s self. It indicates the extent of an individual in believing

himself to what he is capable of and to what is he worth. Simply, self-esteem is the way

an individual, thinks and views their selves if they are competent and confident enough.

The recent phenomenon that is reshaping the world is the worldwide accessibility

to the internet. Teenagers mostly access these sites, not just to communicate but also to

share and gain ideas. It has been observed that most of the students nowadays particularly

at the University of Cebu-Main Senior High School Department, where the researchers

conducted the study, students tend to see posts, trends, and shared posts from other

personalities. Which they can gain inspiration or aversion towards themselves, as it leads

to self-evaluation where students assess their capabilities and keep comparing themselves

to others. In this way, self-esteem can be affected or not.

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In the study of “Psychology of Popular Media Culture”, they reviewed an

example of roughly 50,000 understudies from the eighth, tenth, and twelfth grades,

representing more than 1 million young people. It was discovered that in mid-2010, the

normal twelfth grader, went through around two hours per day messaging, two hours

every day on social media, and two hours daily, in surfing the web (Paul, 2018). To

summarize it, adolescents go through six hours per day on the web. Worldwide web

clients on average, spent about 136 minutes or 2 hours and 16 minutes out of each day

surfing the internet (Clement, 2019). Rather than reading books, magazines, papers, and

other printed media, young people go through their spare time in looking over spending

their time on social networking sites.

Scrolling up and down on social networking sites may trigger a comparison to

one’s life and daily activities. Teenagers sometimes overthink what they have seen or

imagine themselves as the person on the posted photo. This leads to self-evaluation

among themselves as well as other people dependent on social classes, social jobs,

excellence, prevalence, wealth accumulation, and other social capacities (Festinger,

1954).

In previous studies researchers are more focused on certain social networking

sites like Facebook and if it correlates to social-capital or self-esteem. This study focuses

on the effects of social networking sites on the self-esteem of the teenage students in

which has not been yet explored. There are studies found to be linked in the research and

in which the researchers found gaps and are one of the reasons why there is a need to

conduct the study. This study is conducted to determine the relationship of social-
 4

networking sites to the self-esteem of the students with the help of the respondents in the

University of Cebu Senior High School Department.

Theoretical Background

This study is anchored by the following theories: Uses and Gratification Theory

by Blumler and Katz (1974), and Humanistic Theory by Maslow (1943).

Blumer and Katz Uses and Gratification theory expresses that individuals use

media for a variety of reasons, and these motives vary depending on one’s situation. In

this theory, it is being explained how and why people use media. It focuses on the

audiences or the consumer of media as it takes an active role in selecting a media that

they preferred the most. Audiences most likely will make choices depending on their

needs, satisfactions, and motives (Blumler, Katz & Gurevitch, 1974). The media that

provides the most satisfaction to the person will be used more often than other media.

With the rise of social networking sites (SNSs) such as blogs, Facebook, Twitter,

Flickr, and YouTube, users have become constantly connected and capable of interacting

with one another. This allows individuals to present themselves, articulate their social

networks, and establish or maintain connections with others (Karimi et.al, 2014). Users

usually use social networking sites to fulfill their needs, specifically the need to

communicate and exchanges ideas in a convenient way.

Gratifications refer to the audience's satisfaction with what they expose

themselves to. Gratifications sought from social media could be anything, from a place

for information distribution to a venue for feedback to a platform to promote

 5

organizations or even an opportunity to participate in a community of connected

individuals (Karimi et.al, 2014). In this case, social networking users increases due to the

services offered. People nowadays want to communicate faster and conveniently, which

social media is offering and is one of the gratifications that users enjoy.

Katz, Gurevitch, & Hass (1973) states that, there are five specific needs why

people consume media, and these are cognitive needs which are related to “strengthening

information, knowledge, and understanding”, affective needs that is related to

“strengthening aesthetic, pleasurable and emotional experience”, Integrative needs which

is to “strengthening credibility, confidence, stability, and status”, social integrative needs

which relates to “strengthening contact with family, friends, and the world” and escape

or tension release needs which helps to escape or release tension from society and self.

Students are one of the consumers of social networking sites, as they use this to gain

learning gratifications and for other reasons (Karimi et.al, 2014) which they need to

achieve.

In Maslow’s humanistic theory, it is basically about the development of the

individual. It states that people tend to achieve their full potential by basic needs for self-

actualization. An idea that everyone has the potential to make a contribution to society

and be a good and likable person – if their needs are fulfilled (Essays, 2018).

Maslow believed that fulfilling the needs in the correct order would allow

individuals to become self-actualized, fully able persons. The needs of a person are

shown in his hierarchy of needs illustrated in a pyramid in which self-actualization is on

top. But before you achieve the self-actualization level there is self-esteem level. In
 6

which the sense of belongingness is met and are already striving for achievement,

respect, and competence.

According to Maslow (1943), self-esteem needs are classified into two. First, the

desire for strength, achievement, adequacy, confidence, independence, and freedom.

Second, is the desire for reputation or prestige, recognition, attention, importance or

appreciation. An individual dedicates their efforts that can add their accomplishments in

which they can gain the respect, admiration, and appreciation of others to achieve a good

evaluation. Self-respect is also a significant need that an individual fulfills, to be

confident and competent in demonstrating independence and freedom. Failure to do so

means an individual cannot attain the next level, which is self-actualization, which entails

an extensive understanding of the self and the actualization of one’s full potentials.

Uses of Gratification Humanistic Needs Theory

Theory

Social Networking Sites Self-Esteem

Usage

Figure 1. Theoretical Framework

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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of social

networking sites usage and the self-esteem of grade 12-HUMSS afternoon students of

University of Cebu-Main Senior High School Department SY: 2019-2020.

Specifically, it seeks to answers the following questions:

1.) What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 gender; and

1.2 most commonly used social networking sites?

2.) What is the level of social networking sites usage of the respondents?

3.) What is the level of self-esteem of the respondents?

4.) Is there a significant relationship between the levels of social networking sites

usage and level of self-esteem?

Null Hypothesis

At 0.05 level of significance, the following hypothesis is tested:

Ho: There is no significant relationship between social networking sites usage and

the students’ self-esteem.

Scope and Delimitation

 8

The study focuses on the relationship between the social networking sites usage

and its correlation to the student’s self-esteem. This include some factor namely the level

of confidence and time spent in social network.

The study was conducted to the senior high school students of University of

Cebu-Main Senior High School Building only without affiliated activities outside in the

said school campus and was limited only to the strand Humanities and Social Science

(HUMSS). The study was conducted to the afternoon session of grade 12 HUMSS in the

first semester for the school year 2019-2020. Results and findings are limited to the given

by the selected participants and answers are based on what the questionnaire would

acquire including the demographic profile of the respondents. Responses were collected

and analyzed thoroughly without any biases with proper process and formula ought to be

used.

Significance of the study

This investigation will be enormously imperative to the accompanying:

Students. It will assist them with being progressively mindful of long-range

interpersonal communication locales and how it influences their confidence. They will

realize how to utilize internet- based life appropriately and they can know its effects on

their daily life.

Teachers. They will benefit this study to understand more how they can assist or

provide guidance to the students to be more knowledgeable about social networking sites

and how it affects their performance in school or their self-esteem.

 9

Parents. This will enable them to understand that their kids, for the most part,

depend via web-based networking media. It will help them how they can help their kids

by giving restrictions on utilizing it.

Future Researcher: This study will be a source of another study. This will result

in a possible research topic for their study. The findings of this study can also serve as a

conceptual framework of their study.

Definition of Terms

The following words are operationally defined.

Social Networking Sites Usage- refers to the consumption of internet-based websites by

the grade 12-HUMSS students afternoon classes.

Self-esteem- refers to the student’s perception about themselves or student’s evaluation

to their “self” (e.g. Appreciate or Ashamed).

Social networking services (SNS)- refers to the internet platform services that is given

and consumed by the user

 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES

This chapter is covered by our reviews on related literatures and studies that is

related to our research study, in which social networking sites and self-esteem was

discussed. It showed connected studies/researches that were of importance to the creating

of this new research study.

Related Literature

Social networking sites (SNS’s) is an online vehicle for making associations with

other individuals who offer the same interest, background or genuine relationship

(Kenton, 2019). According to Vermeren (2015), women use social networking sites to

share more personal information than men, revealing more about their personal lives as

women are more expressive and willing to share. It was found out that 74% of internet

users are using social networking sites with women (76%) having a slight edge over men

(72%). Females most likely use social media less than men.

According to Clement (2019), social networking sites have billions of active users

per day. Facebook was the first social networking site to surpass 1 billion registered

accounts and has 2.38 Billion monthly active users. Apart from the ability to connect with

friends and relatives, Facebook now has new features, like selling online or even promote

your business brand and products by using paid Facebook apps. Facebook offers free

access, which supported “free data” in which users can surf without data subscription.

Base on the findings of the Pew Research Center, Facebook is the currently most popular

social networking site today (Anderson & Jiang, 2018).

 11

According to Anderson and Jiang (2018), in the survey conducted by Pew

Research Center during 2014 and 2015, 94 percent of teens who go online, used mobile

devices to access social networking sites. Teens use multiple social platforms such as

Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and many others. It is reported that 71 percent of teens

use more than one social media site. A survey of over 600 teens found that nearly all

shared real names and photos of themselves in social networking sites. It is also found out

that teens use these social networking sites, not just for communication with family and

friends but also to find romantic relationships. It has been observed that teens have a high

usage of social networking sites which may affect their self-esteem.

According to Kendra 2019, self-esteem is described as adolescents’ appraisal and

development of their value as it plays a significant role in their inspiration and

accomplishments throughout their life. Adolescence is a face full of changes where they

feel the need to try out different roles and experiment, this is why high self-esteem is very

important for adolescents, otherwise they may start down an unfortunate path. At the

same time, the teen brain is maturing, and learning new things, part of it is finding their

identity, and developing self-concept.

Adolescents' self-esteem is based on their self-concept or the self-evaluation they made to

themselves but are more arbitrary and likely to change. As it encompasses the thoughts,

feelings, sensations, and experiences they have been through, then judge all of these

things as they evaluate themselves positively or negatively. This leads to identifying

themselves whether they have high self-esteem or low self-esteem.

Social networking sites have a solid effect on the self-esteem of people. As

individuals invest more time on social networking sites, they look onto other person's
 12

profiles, as they visit other individuals' profiles and they begin begrudging certain people

whom they believe are more prevailing or better-off than them. Festinger (1954) claimed

that this social networking sites lead numerous individuals to do self-assessments and

make social examinations among themselves as well as other people dependent on social

classes, social jobs, excellence, prevalence, wealth accumulation, and other social

capacities. Individuals take part in two sorts of comparisons on social networking sites,

upward and downward examination.

Lockwood and Kunda (1997) argue that upward social examination can be

inspirational for individuals as they could imitate the behaviors and attitude of their

comparison targets. On the other hand, the upward examination has also made individuals

feel substandard and perceive negative assessments of themselves (Morse and Gergen,

1970). Subsequently, upward examinations in the majority of the cases negatively affect

the senses of confidence of individuals (Vogel, Rose, Roberts and Eckles, 2014). While,

Sanobia and Soomro (2017) states that downward examination is when an individual

checks other individual that is second rate than him and having negative characteristics.

According to Pantic (2014) proposes that online social networking is related to a

few mental issues, including depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. The decrease in

communicating with relatives and companions due to additional time spent on online

prompts causes sentiments of loneliness and depression (Kraut et al., n.d.). It has also

been observed in the investigation of a secondary school that frequent use of social

networking sites has emphatically corresponded with the manifestations of loneliness and

depression. (Pantic, 2014). The goals in the present study were to explore emerging

students’ use of social networking sites and their level of self-esteem.

 13

Related Studies

In the study of De Jesus et al., (2017), social networking sites are characterized as

a spot where you make public or semi-public accounts inside a framework with your

preferred security. These social networking sites are well known to youths as a method

for communication. All the more explicitly, online social networks and web journals

represent the sites most frequented by young people.

According to the study of Ingólfsdóttir (2017), from the data survey youths in

Iceland on February 2016, they gathered a total number of participants, 10, 687, and in a

random sample, 2,039 was used in this study with 980 males (48%), 1,041 females (51%)

and 18 (1%) participants did not reveal their gender. In this study, they have found that

women are more likely to use either specific social networking sites such as Facebook,

Myspace or SNSs in general.

According to Bicen and Cavus (2010), social networking sites such as Myspace,

Facebook, Windows Live Spaces, Orkut and Hi5 have attracted millions of users and

conducted the study to determine the most preferred social networking sites. It is found

out that Live Spaces and Facebook are used in equal rates with 38%, the result shows that

participants mostly prefer to use Live Spaces and Facebook when they want to share

something.

Windows Live Spaces was Microsoft’s blogging and Social Networking Platform,

this site was released in 2004 to compete with other social networking sites and relaunch

in 2006 as a part of shifting community services. It received an estimated 27 million

unique visitors per month as of August 2007. Despite being considered a useful
 14

messaging and communication tool, Windows Live Spaces has been criticized as not

being as powerful as some of its competitors. It was shut down in 2011 due to low

viewership. On the other hand, Facebook is still the most commonly used social

networking site today (Ahmad, 2019).

According to Raju, Valsaraj and Noronha (2015) social networking sites has

played significant role on the relationship among adolescents as it becoming a popular

medium for socializing online. Young adults and adolescents are the most prolific users

of SNS. Adolescents find solace in these sites as they are able to express their ideas and

concerns freely. Due to the availability of these sites there could be a high a chance for

the users to get psychologically dependent on these sites. It was found out that students

18-24 years of age are considered to be the most prolific users of social networking sites.

According to Ger (2013), during adolescence, adolescents are often known to

overestimate the extent to which they are being watched and evaluated by others, this is

frequently as a result of the difficulties and insecurities associated with their developing

sense of self-esteem. This is referred to as imaginative audience behavior. As a result,

they can become preoccupied with how they appear in the eyes of their peers that can

triggered their evaluations to themselves which may result to lower self-esteem.

During the adolescent years, peer acceptance is highly valued and as a result,

adolescents can be highly critical of themselves in order to obtain this acceptance

evaluations peers assign to the adolescents’ representation of themselves can affect the

development of an adolescent’s social self-esteem and if it is obtained adolescents self-

esteem may boost. This is where the social networking site, can have a positive effect on

the development of an adolescent’s self-esteem, as it allows them the opportunity to

 15

manage the way in which they choose to present themselves, as well as the way in which

they choose to express themselves in order to boost their self-confidence.

According to the study of Nyagah, Stephen and Mwania (2015), majority of the

adolescents feel confident about themselves especially when others commented or liked

their photos and status updates, adolescents perceive social networking sites, as a

motivational tool where they cheered for their friends and vice versa. The presents that

adolescents gain confidence in expressing opinions through these social networking sites,

specifically to those who are timid in voicing out their thoughts. Thus, social networking

sites help adolescents in the growth of their social self-esteem.

Contrast to the previously stated study, according to the investigation of Zuo

(2014) in The University of Gothenburg in Sweden, which studied 335 men and 676

ladies, reached a different resolution. The investigation found that there was a negative

connection between the utilization of social networking sites and self-esteem. One

conceivable clarification was that, since web-based social networking has made it simpler

for individuals to get a look at others, it is unavoidable that individuals will contrast

themselves with other personalities on the Internet. This comparison frequently attracts

individuals', consideration regarding their restrictions, hence this lower down their

confidence.
 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter covers our methods use in our research. This was divided into

different sections which includes the Research Design, Research Locale, Research

Respondents, Research Instrument, Data Gathering Procedure, and Data Analysis

Procedure that can help us determined the correlation of social networking usage and

student’s self-esteem.

Research Design

This study used a descriptive-correlation design which refers to a type of study in

which information is collected without making any changes to the study subject

(Cristobal & Cruz-Cristobal, 2017). By using descriptive correlational design, the

researchers was able determined the relationship between social networking sites usage

and to student’s self-esteem of Senior High School students at the University of Cebu-

Main Senior Highschool Department.

Research Locale

The study was conducted at the University of Cebu-Main Senior High School

Department located at J. Alcantara Street Sambag 1. This school offers 4 tracks:

Academic Track, TechVoc Track, Arts and Design Track and Sports Track. There are

four different strands under the Academic Track namely Accountancy Business and

Management (ABM), General Academic Strand (GAS), Humanities and Social Sciences

(HUMSS), and the Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). Its

Vision is to develop life-long learners and stewards of God’s creation who are committed
 17

citizens of the nation and of the world. Its Mission is to offer quality education services in

an enabling and supportive learning environment. One of its goal is to offer program that

are relevant, holistic and compliant with institutional, regulatory, industry and

accreditation standards that will develop life-long learners. It has 5 Core Values:

Innovation, Camaraderie, Alignment, Respect, Excellence (ICARE).

Research Respondents

The respondents were only the grade 12 HUMSS afternoon students. The

respondents were approximately 30 students from different sections of the afternoon

classes. The researchers used the formula of Gay (1976) in getting the respondents, he

stated that 30 respondents are enough to determine a correlational study. And simple

random sampling was used to get the respondents. HUMSS strand is chosen because this

strand is more on showing self-confidence and is observed that students in this strand

often used social networking sites.

Research Instruments

The research instrument used was, the Social Networking Usage Questionnaire

(SNUQ) by Gupta and Bashir (2018), which has a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire

was used to measure the level of social networking sites usage of the respondents. The

questionnaire consists of 19 items in which participants are asked to put a tick according

to the degree of agreement on each item. Rosenberg Self -Esteem Scale questionnaire is a

four-point scale with 10 items inventory was used to showcase the levels of student’s

self-esteem.
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Data Gathering Procedure

A transmittal letter was granted to the principal of the University of Cebu Senior

High School Department to ask permission and to fulfill the conduction of the survey

questionnaires. After the letter was approved, the researchers prepared the informed

consent and scheduled the time of the survey only on vacant periods. Then, the

researchers approached the probable respondents and distributes the survey

questionnaires to the afternoon classes of the grade 12 students HUMSS strand. The

researchers gave enough time to the respondents to answer the survey questionnaire and

the results will serve as the primary source for the outcomes. Lastly, the researchers

analyzed the data they gathered.

Data Analysis Procedure

The procedures were carried out according to the objectives and the level of

measurement of variables. For the data to be interpreted, the researcher employs the

following statistical treatment.

1. Frequency and percentage was used to determine the assessment of the

respondents with regards to their personal profiles.

2. Mean and standard deviation was used to identify the level of social networking

usage and student’s self-esteem

3. Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient was used to determine the

relationship between social networking sites usage and student’s self-esteem

 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter covers our analysis and results of the data we gathered from the

questionnaire based on social networking sites usage and student’s self-esteem of grade

12 HUMSS afternoon students.

Demographic Profile of Respondents

Table 1.1 Gender Frequency

Gender Frequency Percent
Male 8 26.7
Female 22 73.3
Total 30 100.0

Table 1.1 shows the gender frequency of the respondents. It presents that majority

of the respondents are females. According to Ingólfsdóttir (2017), from in the data survey

of youths in Iceland, by the Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis (ICRSA)

in February of 2016 the total number of participants was 10,687. A random sample of

2039 participants was used in this study, with 980 males (48%), 1041 females (51%) and

18 (1%) did not reveal their gender studies have found that women are more likely

to use either specific social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook or MySpace or

SNSs in general.

Table 1.2 Most Commonly Used Social Networking Sites

Social Networking Sites Frequency Percent
Facebook 19 63.3
Instagram 1 3.3
Twitter 3 10.0
Youtube 7 23.3
Total 30 100.0
 20

In Table 1.2 shows that most of the respondents used Facebook (63.3%),

Facebook offers “free access” to all consumers as it supports “free data” which means

you can surf even without data subscription. This implies that Facebook is more

accessible than other social networking sites, this advancement enables student to access

this site than the others. According to Clement (2019), the market leader Facebook was

the first social network to surpass 1 billion registered accounts and currently sits at almost

2.38 billion monthly active users.

Table 2.0 Level of Social Networking Usage

Statement Mean SD Interpretation
I use social networking sites to look at funny sharing. 4.47 .819 Very High
I use social networking sites to get information regarding current social 4.43 .728 Very High
events.
I use social networking sites to do research work. 4.37 .850 Very High
I communicate with my friends via social networking sites for 4.33 .758 Very High
preparation of exam.
I use social networking sites to get relief from academic stress. 4.27 .907 Very High
I use social networking sites for watching movies. 4.23 .935 Very High
I use social networking sites for sharing pictures. 4.00 1.017 High
I use social networking sites for reading news. 3.87 1.008 High
I use social networking sites to keep in touch with my relatives. 3.83 1.085 High
I use social networking sites for collaborative learning. 3.83 .791 High
I use social networking sites for online academic group discussion. 3.73 1.112 High
I use social networking sites to share new ideas. 3.67 1.028 High
I use social networking sites to become more sociable. 3.67 .884 High
I use social networking sites to learn about my curricular aspect. 3.53 1.074 High
I use social networking sites to solve my academic problem. 3.50 1.075 High
I use social networking sites to create my social identity. 3.33 1.061 Moderate
I prefer using social networking sites to attending social gathering. 3.13 1.332 Moderate
I use social networking sites for getting jobs related information. 3.10 1.185 Moderate
I use social networking sites to seek help from my teachers. 2.83 1.206 Moderate
Weighted Mean 3.80 High
Overall Standard Deviation .581

4.20-5.00 (Very High); 3.40-4.19 (High); 2.60-3.39 (Moderate); 1.80-2.59 (Low); 1.00-1.79 (Very Low)

Table 2.0 shows the weighted mean and the overall standard deviation of social

networking sites usage. The highest mean score shows that most students use social

networking sites to find funny post that can made their day happier with the mean score
 21

of 4.47. At the lowest mean of 2.83 it implies that are unlikely to use social networking

sites in seeking help to their subject teachers. It reveals that the respondents have high

social networking usage with the mean of 3.80 and standard deviation of .581. According

to Anderson and Jiang (2018), in the survey conducted by Pew Research Center during

2014 and 2015, 94% of teens have high usage of mobile devices to access social

networking sites. Teens use multiple social platforms such as: Facebook, Instagram,

Snapchat, and many others. Users usually use social networking sites to fulfill their needs

such as communicating, learning and enjoying which social media is offering (Karimi

et.al, 2014).

Table 3.0 Level of Student’s Self-Esteem

Statement Mean SD Interpretation
On the whole, I am satisfied with myself. 3.20 .805 High
I take a positive attitude toward myself. 3.20 .664 High
I am able to do things as well as most other people. 3.10 .548 Average
I feel that I am a person of worth, at least on an equal plane with 3.10 .712 Average
others.
I feel that I have a number of good qualities. 3.07 .521 Average
All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure. 2.73 .828 Average
I feel I do not have much to be proud of. 2.67 .884 Average
At times I think I am no good at all. 2.50 1.07 Average
I certainly feel useless at times. 2.43 .971 Low Average
I wish I could have more respect for myself. 1.90 .803 Low Average
Weighted Mean 2.79 Average
Overall Standard Deviation .459

3.25-4.00 (High); 2.50-3.24 (Average); 1.75-2.49 (Low Average); 1.00-1.74 (Very Low)

Table 3.0 shows the weighted mean and the overall standard deviation of social

networking sites usage. It revealed that most of the students are highly satisfied with

themselves with the mean score of 3.20. On the other hand, the respondents do feel that

they could have more respect for themselves with the lowest mean score of 1.90. It

further revealed that the respondents’ level of self-esteem is average with the weighted

mean of 2.79 and the overall standard deviation of .459. According to the study of Minev
 22

et al. (2018), using Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale it was found out that Bulgarian

adolescents ages between 13 to 19 shows that girls demonstrated lower self-esteem level

compared to boys. Self-esteem is the way an individual think and view themselves, if

they are confident and competent enough. Girls more likely to evaluate themselves

negatively that leads to lower self-esteem.

Table 4.0 Correlation

Mean Standard r=Value P=Value Decision Interpretation
Deviation to Ho
Level of 3.80 .581
Social
Networking
Sites Usage .046 .810 Accept Not
Ho Significant
Level of 2.79 .459
Student’s
Self-esteem

Table 4.0 shows the correlation between the Level of Social Networking Sites and

the Level of Student’s Self-Esteem. This shows that there is no significant relationship

between social networking sites usage and student’s self-esteem. The result shows the r-

value is .046 which means that there is a weak magnitude. The P-Value of .810 means

that the null hypothesis is accepted for it indicates that it is not significant at all. Based

on the findings the researchers sought that using social networking sites does not attribute

to one’s self-esteem. As stated previously that self-esteem may vary depending on the

individuals view to themselves and to their environment, it has been observed that the

students does not just rely on social networking sites in shaping their confidence might as

well as in the setting of school, according to Sternke (2010) a persons’ confidence is

 23

created from within to outside data of from others. By that social networking sites usage

did not affect the students’ self-esteem.

 Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This section is the representation of the responses of the students to specific

issues.

Summary of Findings

Based on the interpreted and analyzed data, the following are the finding of the

study, (1) Most of the respondents are female and Facebook is the commonly used social

networking sites, (2) The level of social networking sites usage among student holds high

which means they are using this for various reason, (3) The level of students’ self-esteem

holds average level , and lastly, (4) there is no significant relationship between social

networking sites usage and its relationship to students’ self-esteem, which conclude that

social networking sites usage and students’ self-esteem does not correlate to each other.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that the social networking sites

usage cannot affect the one’s self-esteem.

Recommendations

Based on the results, the following recommendations are hereby made:

 The respondents may impose time limits on using social networking sites so that

it may not affect to their other daily activities such as studying, making school

projects and etc.

 24

 The respondents may join different organization and activities in University of

Cebu that is in line with their interest that can help boost their confidence.

 This research study suggests not focus only in one strand which is HUMSS, they

may use the other strands as their respondent.

 The future researchers may conduct similar studies with larger sample size.
 25

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APPENDICES
Appendix A

Transmittal Letter

UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
Senior High School
J. Alcantara St., Cebu City

August 15, 2019

DR. ABELARDO T. TEJO JR.

Senior High School Principal
University of Cebu – Main Campus
J. Alcantrara St., Cebu City

Dear Dr. Tejo,

Good day!

In line with the university’s mission of producing globally competitive learners, the research subjects aim
to hone the competence of our students through the production of full-blown scholarly research outputs.

In relation to this, the undersigned, whose study entitled, “Social Networking Sites Usage and Self-
Esteem of Grade 12 HUMSS Students In University of Cebu-Main Senior High School Department
would like to ask for your approval to conduct our study at the University of Cebu Private Campus as a
partial fulfillment of the subject Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research).

The purpose of this study is to let the students, teachers, and parents know the significance of social
networking sites to the student's self-esteem and how it plays a vital role.

Rest assured that any information obtained from the informants will be highly kept confidential and will be
used for research-related purposes only.

Hoping for your favorable response. Thank you and God bless.

Respectfully yours,

MARY GRACE G. ALEGADO

Gr. 12-HUMSS 1P Group 6 Representative

Noted by: Approved by:

KRYSTEL JANE GERZON DR. ABELARDO T. TEJO, JR.

Research Adviser SHS Principal, UC - Main
 31

APPENDIX B
Informed Consent
Dear Respondents:
Good Day! As part of our research journey, we are conducting a study on
“SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES USAGE AND SELF-ESTEEM OF GRADE 12 HUMSS
STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITY OF CEBU-MAIN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
DEPARTMENT”. We hope that you answer all the questions for validity and
reliability reasons.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this correlational study is to determine if there is a significant
relationship between social networking sites usage and the self-esteem of the grade 12-
HUMSS afternoon students studying in University of Cebu Senior Highschool Building.
BENEFITS OF THE RESEARCH AND BENEFITS TO YOU
The present study will provide a clearer understanding about how social
networking sites play a vital role on student’s self-esteem from grade 12 HUMSS
afternoon students in University of Cebu Senior Highschool Department.
RISKS AND DISCOMFORTS
There are no identified risks and discomforts that the respondents will encounter
by answering the questions.
VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION
Your participation in this study is completely voluntary and you may choose to
stop participating at any time. Your decision not to volunteer will not influence the nature
of your relationship to the researchers and the University.
WITHDRAWAL FROM THE STUDY
You can stop answering or participating at any time as well as your reasons. If
you stop participating it will not affect to the study and the relationship with the
researcher.
CONFIDENTIALITY
We assure you that all information obtained will be kept strictly confidential and
never disclose any information and it will only be used to the study.
CONTACT INFORMATION
Researcher: Mary Grace G. Alegado
Email: marygracealegado12@gmail.com
Contact Number: 09205491587
SIGNATURE
By signing below, you fully understand and agree to the terms and conditions declared
by the researchers.
____________________________
 32

Signature over printed name & date

APPENDIX C

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

TITLE: “Social Networking Sites Usage and Its Relationship to The Student’s Self-
esteem of Grade 12- HUMSS Afternoon Students”.

I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Name: _____________________________ Section: ______________
Gender: _______ Age: ______
Frequency of using social networking sites (daily, weekly, monthly): ______________
Most Used Social Networking Sites (e.g Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc.) _________

II. SOCIAL NETWORKING USAGE QUESTIONNAIRE – SAVITA & BASHIR

INSTRUCTIONS: The items of the scale are given in statement form. You are requested
to read each statement carefully and give your response by putting a tick ( ) mark only
that option which you find that is most appropriate and true in your case. There is no right
/wrong answer. Please do not leave any statement unattempt. There is no time limit.
Your responses will be used for research purpose only and the responses will be always
kept confidential.

5- Always 4- Often 3- Sometimes 2- Rarely 1- Never

Statements 5 4 3 2 1

1. I use social networking sites to become more sociable.

2. I use social networking sites to keep in touch with my

relatives.
 33

3. I use social networking sites to seek help from my

teachers.

4. I use social networking sites for getting jobs related

information.

5. I use social networking sites to share new ideas.

6. I use social networking sites to create my social

identity.

7. I prefer using social networking sites to attending social

gathering.

8. I use social networking sites to get information

regarding current social events.

9. I use social networking sites for online academic group

discussion.

10. I use social networking sites for reading news.

11. I use social networking sites for sharing pictures.

12. I use social networking sites to do research work.

13. I use social networking sites to learn about my

curricular aspect.

14. I communicate with my friends via social networking

sites for preparation of exam.

15. I use social networking sites to get relief from academic

stress.

16. I use social networking sites for watching movies.

17. I use social networking sites for collaborative learning.

18. I use social networking sites to solve my academic

problem.

19. I use social networking sites to look at funny sharing.

 34

III. ROSENBERG’S SELF-ESTEEM SCALE

INSTRUCTIONS: The items of the scale are given in statement form. You are requested
to read each statement carefully and give your response by putting a tick ( ) mark only
that option which you find that is most appropriate and true in your case. There is no right
/wrong answer. Please do not leave any statement unattempt. There is no time limit.
Your responses will be used for research purpose only and the responses will be always
kept confidential.
4- Strongly Agree 3- Agree 2- Disagree 1- Strongly Disagree

STATEMENT 4 3 2 1

1. I feel that I am a person of worth, at least on an equal plane

with others.

2. I feel that I have a number of good qualities.

3. All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure.

4. I am able to do things as well as most other people.

5. I feel I do not have much to be proud of.

6. I take a positive attitude toward myself.

7. On the whole, I am satisfied with myself.

8. I wish I could have more respect for myself.

9. I certainly feel useless at times.

10. At times I think I am no good at all.

35