1.

(a) Name a musical instrument that is used to pruduce high-pitch notes

(b) Explain why the musical instrument you have named in part a) produces high-pitched notes.
(c) Explain how you would produce loud sounds from this musical instrument

2. (a) What is meant by the phrase ‘a person’s audible range is 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz’ ?
(b) what are ultrasonic sounds ?
(c) calculate the wavelength of ultrasonic waves whose frequency is 68 000 Hz. Assume that the
waves are travelling through air at a speed of 340 m/s.

3. (a) What is an echo ?

(b) explain how echoes are used by ships to find the depth of the ocean beneath them.

4. Echo sounding is used to detect fish in the sea. Sound waves are emitted from a fishing boat. Some
of the sound waves are reflected by fish and detected back at the boat.
(a) The shortest time between the sound waves being emitted and detected is 0.26 s. The speed of
sound in water is 1.5 km/s. Calculate the distance between the boat and the nearest fish.
(b) Each sound wave is emitted for a very short time. The reflected sound wave received at the
boat lasts for a longer time. Suggest a reason for this difference in time.

5. The survivor of a shipwreck lands on an island which is 3 000 m from a vertical cliff ( look the figure
below). He sees a ship anchored between the island and the cliff. A blast from the ship’s horn is
heard twice with a time lapse of 4 s. Calculate the distance d of the ship from the island (assume
that the speed of sound = 330 ms-1 )

6. What determines the following characteristics of a musical note?

a. Pitch
b. Loudness
c. Quality

7. A wire 50 cm long, is held under tension. It is plucked, causing the wire to vibrate between its two
fixed ends.
(a) What type of wave that travels along the string ?
(b) What type of wave that received by your ears ?
(c) It was found that this wire vibrates at frequency 220 Hz. Find the wavelength of the sound wave
produced by the wire, given that the velocity of the sound wave in air is 330 m/s.
(d) If the wire is plucked strongly once, which property of sound is most likely changed ? Explain
your answer !
(e) Suggest two ways in which the pitch of sound produced by the wire can be dereased.

8. A truck that run by 60 ms-1 of speed give a klaxon horn on frequency of sound 560 Hz, meet a face
a big bus in different line of way that run by 30 ms-1 of speed. If sound travels at 340 ms-1 in air,
what is frequency of sound heared by big bus ?

9. An ambulance is travelling at a speed of 10 m/s and is sounding its siren ( f = 400 Hz ). A driver of
motorcycle initially approaches the ambulance, then turns back and goes away from the ambulance
at a speed of 5 m/s. If the speed of the siren sound in the air is 340 m/s, calculate the siren
 frequency heard by the motorcycle driver when :
(a) Approaching the ambulance
(b) Going away from the ambulance

10. A boat which sends out pulses of ultrasonic (high frequency sound) waves at intervals of 10 ms. The
pulses of waves are reflected from the seabed and echoes are received back at the boat. For
convenience, the outgoing pulses and the echoes are displayed on a suitably synchronized
oscilloscope.

The oscilloscope display on the screen shows two pulses of ultrasonic waves and, in between, an
echo from the seabed. A scale close to the screen shows the time delay in milliseconds.

(a) What is the time taken for a pulse to travel from the boat to the seabed and back, given that it is
less than 10 ms ?
(b) The speed of sound in water is 1 500 ms-1. Calculate the corresponding depth of water below the
transmitter .
(c) How and why will the picture on the screen change as the boat travels into deeper water ?