1

Student Result Management System

Overview
Objec ve
You will be creating a full-stack website that uses the student information from a database
as input and generates his/her result in PDF format as output which can then be
downloaded and shared.

Project Context
In our day-to-day life, we come across various examination results such as school exam
results, competitive exam results, college semester exam results, etc. How ef iciently it
produces someone's result by just illing in student details! But, have you ever thought of
creating one? The ones who did basically went through the hectic job of perfecting their
database and then using the knowledge of front-end and back-end to do so.
Developers are known for doing stuff automatically and ef iciently. Thus we can have an
easier take on it, by creating a system that accepts the student details as input and
generates the desired result as output.
 2

Project Stages

High-Level Approach
• We will be followin g a Top Down Approachthroughout this project i.e. starting from
the end goal, back tracing to the starting point.
• This project has 3 sections that we have to implement, namely t h e Result Section for
student's purposes, the Database for storage purposes and the Admin Section for
administrative purposes.
• Firstly, we will be understanding the end goal of this proje c t R esult Section.
• Thereafter, we move towards the D atabase part starting from naive queries to
optimizing it.
• Then, we will jump t o the Admin Section for performing various activities that
previously were done manually i.e. data addition and modi ication.
• Authentication for the admin section will then take place.
• Then, we w i l l Club things all together into our system.
 3

Primary goals
• Performing normalization of the database.
• Performing various database queries.
• Automating the addition and modi ication of student data.
• Implement an authentication system for admin.
• Generate the result in PDF format and download it.

Applica ons
• Create and manage school or institute result portals.
• Create other types of management systems.

Task 1
Understanding system workflow
Our project is going to be a full stack application. A full stack application primarily
comprises 3 things - front-end, back-end and database.
So, this project is also divided into 3 parts:
• Result Section(front-end)
• Database
• Admin Section(back-end)
We start by setting things up for the front-end, then for the database and then move
towards the back-end part.

Requirements
• A code editor like SUBLIME for writing code for the front-end and back-end.
• An Apache distribution like XAMPP for handling server and database. Go download it,
if not available to your system.
• Head over to d ocs folder of XAMPP and create a new folder by your preferred
name for this project. Mine isSRMS.
• All the folders/ iles will be created in this folder.
• Execute XAMPP and open the apache and m ysql in new tabs.
• All the data creation/deletion/modi ication will take place at mysql tab. Go ahead and
create a database with the same name as the project folder. For my case it will beSRMS.
• phpmyadmin tab will show you the output from your project. By default it starts with
index.php ile, you can change it in settings.
• Instead of dashboard in the URL change it to your project folder name i.e S. RMS then
put a forward slash and type your ile name that you want to open. Ex.
SRMS/homepage.html.
• Go ahead and create a landing page for this project using HTML. Make it stylish using
CSS. Make it responsive using Bootstrap.

References
• Link to download XAMPP
• Link to download SUBLIME
• How to use XAMPP
• How to create database in MySQL using XAMPP

Note
• Here I am using HTML + CSS + JavaScript for front-end, MySQL for database and PHP
for back-end.
• Feel free to choose your preferred language for front-end, back-end and follow
accordingly.

Expected Outcome
The main objective of this milestone is to make sure that you understand the basic over low
of the project. Also, you should have a code editor and apache distribution in place. With
this you should be able to access the MySQL, phpmyadmin homepage and your project iles.

Task 2
Dig into the result sec on
Let's start ourselves from the result section!!
What exactly do we want from our system? Yes, you are thinking it right. We want from our
system that it should take student details as input such asroll no,class,dob(for hiding it
from other students, if required) and produce his/her result as output. Make a.php ile
with some convenient name and make a form which takesroll noandclassas input. On
submit, it should perform the required SQL query(s) to obtain the result as output.
But wait! From which table are we going to fetch the required data? Did we create any table
in thesrmsdatabase? Yes, you are right, we don't have any tables yet. Go ahead and create a
table calledstudents. But what should be the attributes in the table? The simplest table
should have at least these following attributes -
• StudentId=> unique key for each student

• StudentName=> student name

• RollId=> roll number

• ClassName=> class name

• ClassSection=> section of class (if needed)

• SubjectName=> all subjects name in separate tuple

• Marks=> marks of that particular subject

Apart from that you can add attributes if you want such as gender, mail, contact number,
etc. But this should be there for proper data storing and fetching. Shouldn't it?

Requirements
• Fill some data into your s t udents table on your own for now.
• Connect your database s rms to your PHP page.
• Store the illed form data in separate variables.
• Perform a SQL search query in t h e students table where roll no and class matches
with your database entries.
• Extract each and every row which matches to your search query.
• Output only selected data such as subject name and corresponding marks.

References
• Create Table and attributes in MySQL using XAMPP server
• Create Table and attributes in MySQL using PHP
• Hopw to select and output data using PHP MySQL

Bring it On!
• Go ahead and print some additional details on the result page such as student name,
class, total marks obtained, percentage, etc.
• Make it stylish by aligning the result properly.

Expected Outcome
You should be able to make a database, table and attributes with some data into it. You
should also be able to get student data as input, parse it, perform search queries and output
it to the user.

Task 3
Play around with the database
Let's analyze our previous database from various DBMS perspectives.
1. Is our database consistent?
2. Is our database ef icient?
3. Is our database scalable?
4. Is our database usable?
5. Is our database manageable?
The answer to all the questions is NO, why? Think about it.
Let's suppose if some student data is changed like address, contact number, etc. Then, we
have to re lect that change in all the entries in the database because there are many entries
for a single unique student depending on the number of subjects.
Also, it is not looking great if we have to scale it for various classes, schools, etc. Because at
the end data will become more and more redundant. Also, we can't perform other high level
operations on this current database due to its not so good looking structure.

Requirements
• Understand each term that's mentioned above.
• Read about data normalization in databases.
• Think about why it is true.

References
• Considerations during database creation
• Intro to normalization
• Different normal forms

Bring it On!
• Head over to the database and try to split it so that it will follow the above properties.

Expected Outcome
You should be able to justify why this database will not be a good it in terms of various
purposes that are mentioned above. You should be able to understand what normalization
is and why there is a need to normalize.

Task 4
Time to normalize our database
Let's split our original tablestudentsinto various usable and manageable tables. The
tables are split in a manner such that data will remain consistent.
 7

Requirements
• Go to MySQL from XAMPP server and create all these tables and corresponding
attributes.
• Delete the previous students table after updating the data according to the new tables.
• Add other attributes in each table as you wish such as you can add a status attribute in
each table which can be a boolean variable storing 0/1 depending upon whether that
particular entry is currently in work or not.
References
• What is Keys in DBMS and its types
• How to make an attribute foreign key using phpmyadmin
• How to make an attribute foreign key using MySQL code

Tip
• You can go ahead and try your own database structure.

Note
• Don't forget to make attributes in a table as a foreign key which are from other tables.
• Primary keys are must to have in a table. Don't forget that too.

Bring it On!
• Try to fetch the result of a student now using this updated database structure.

Expected Outcome
You should be able to make various tables for this database and its corresponding
attributes.

Task 5
Let's fetch the result now!!
Now, as we have our new database structure, we de initely have to rewrite the SQL queries
for student result fetching.
Start from what your user will type at the front-end. We can safely assume that your user
will know at least his/her Roll Id, Class Name and Section. But our user doesn't know how
the class name and section is stored in the database. Also, we as developers don't know
how users will type his/her class name and section because there are many possibilities.
So, to make it clear for both the user and you, we should give them a drop-down menu of all
the classes in our database. From which table of our database we will do it? Yes, you are
right fromtblclassestable. User will see his/her class name along with section and in
return we will store the class id.
Here's the code for your reference.

<select name="class" class="form-control" id="default" required="required">

<option value="">Select Class</option>
<?php $sql = "SELECT * from tblclasses";
$query = $dbh->prepare($sql);
 9

$query->execute();
$results=$query->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_OBJ);
if($query->rowCount() > 0) {
foreach($results as $result) { ?>
<option value="<?php echo htmlentities($result->id); ?>"><?php echo
htmlentities($result->ClassName); ?>&nbsp; Section-<?php echo
htmlentities($result->Section); ?>
</option>
<?php }} ?>
</select>

Store the roll id and class id in some variables on the redirected page after the user clicks
submit.

$rollid=$_POST['rollid'];
$classid=$_POST['class'];
$_SESSION['rollid']=$rollid;
$_SESSION['classid']=$classid;

Now, coming to the query part where we bind our above parameters and fetch student
results. Result should at least contain his/her subject name (not subject id because the user
doesn't know about subject id at all), corresponding marks.
Here's the query for the same.

"select t.StudentName, t.RollId, t.ClassId, t.marks, SubjectId,

tblsubjects.SubjectName from
(select sts.StudentName, sts.RollId, sts.ClassId, tr.marks, SubjectId from
tblstudents as sts join tblresult as tr on tr.StudentId=sts.StudentId) as t
join tblsubjects on tblsubjects.id=t.SubjectId where (t.RollId=:rollid and
t.ClassId=:classid)"
Requirements
• Make the required number of PHP iles and add relevant code as per your
understanding.
• Design your web page as you like.
• Perform above SQL queries to take input from the user and then use it to fetch student
results.

References
• What is nested and complex queries in MySQL
• How nested or sub query works
• How to write nested queries

Bring it On!
• Go ahead and add another input parameter such as DOB so that one student can't see
another's result without that knowledge.
• Try to make the result page more illustrative and attractive by adding school logo,
student name, class name, total marks obtained, percentage, etc.

Expected Outcome
You should be able to fetch and output student results accurately by taking input as per
your willingness.

Task 6
It's admin me now
As said earlier this project is divided into 3 parts:
• [ x ] Result Section(front-end)
• [ x ] D
atabase
• [ ] Admin Section(back-end)
We settled up things for the front-end and database, it's time to move towards the back-end
part.
But is there any need to develop a back-end part separately? Why is this required?
Till now we have been doing our back-end part with the database. But this is not looking
convenient for adding, deleting and modifying data. That's why there is a need to make a
separate back-end portal where we can add/update student details like class, subject,
subject combination, result and other details through a proper UI.
Requirements
• Make a separate PHP ile for this admin portal.
• Design your page accordingly.
• Make a sidebar menu for various options.
• Make a dedicated page for each option.
• Attach this sidebar to each of the pages.
• In the sidebar menu following options are must to have, rest you can add on your own
interest -
1. Add and Update Class
2. Add and Update Students
3. Add and Update Subjects
4. Add and Update Subject Combinations
5. Add and Update Result

References
• How to create a ixed sidebar
• How to create a responsive sidebar
• How to display same sidebar on multiple pages

Bring it On!
• Go ahead and try to bind each of the options with the back-end with required database
queries.

Expected Outcome
The main motive of this milestone is to understand the concept behind making an admin
portal. You should be able to design the basic outline of the admin portal.

Task 7
Building each module
Let's try to build each module (renamed option to module).
Here, I will explain 2 functionalities - add and update classes. Rest all are similar in nature
just the SQL query changes.
Add Class
1. Make a form which takes all the input corresponding to each attribute in t b l classes
table.
2. On submitting the form it should perform a MySQL insert query into the tblclasses of
the same database.
 12

3. Your back-end code should resemble below code -

$classname=$_POST['classname'];
$section=$_POST['section'];
$sql="INSERT INTO tblclasses(ClassName, Section) VALUES(:classname,
:section)";
$query = $dbh->prepare($sql);
$query->bindParam(':classname', $classname, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$query->bindParam(':section', $section, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$query->execute();
$lastInsertId = $dbh->lastInsertId();
if($lastInsertId) {
$msg="Class Created successfully";
} else {
$error="Something went wrong. Please try again";
}

Update Class
1. Make a table which shows all the class details such as serial number, class name, class
section, etc. depending on your table structure.
2. Make an extra column for each row for editing that entry in the database, attach the
class id with that value.
3. Print the existing details in form format for that class id to the user using MySQL select
command which the user can change.
4. After submitting form, the back-end of that page should perform MySQL update query
as follows -

$classname=$_POST['classname'];
$section=$_POST['section'];
 $cid=intval($_GET['classid']);
$sql="update tblclasses set ClassName=:classname, Section=:section where
id=:cid";
$query = $dbh->prepare($sql);
$query->bindParam(':classname', $classname, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$query->bindParam(':section', $section, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$query->bindParam(':cid',$cid, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$query->execute();
$msg="Data has been updated successfully";

Requirements
• Perform above mentioned steps for each module.
• Test each module by cross checking ipt hin
pmyadmindatabase server.

References
• How to perform sql insert query
• How to perform sql update query

Bring it On!
• Try to makee nan
able/disablebutton in the admin portal for taking DOB also as
input during result checking by the user.

Expected Outcome
You should be able to design, code and test each module using your admin portal and
phpmyadmindatabase server.

Task 8
Securing admin sec on
Now, the need arises to secure this admin section. Why? Because otherwise students will
change theirs and others results and details which in turn becomes a very serious issue.
There are two ways to secure this admin section - irst is to separate this portal completely
with new location and project while the second is to make it password protected. First is
not actually a full proof solution. Why? Because if anyone gets to know about this portal and
its location then eventually the same problem still persists. So, we will go with the second
approach.
Requirements
• Make a new table into a database with attributUese
-rNameandPassword.
• Fill these values depending on the administrative team.
• Make a form which accepts user name and password as an input and in turns veri ies
from this table data.
• If the entries illed are correct then store these values in the session for future
reference and land him to the actual admin section.

$uname=$_POST['username'];
$password=md5($_POST['password']);
$sql ="SELECT UserName, Password FROM admin WHERE UserName=:uname and
Password=:password";
$query= $dbh -> prepare($sql);
$query-> bindParam(':uname', $uname, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$query-> bindParam(':password', $password, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$query-> execute(); $results=$query->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_OBJ);
if($query->rowCount() > 0) {
$_SESSION['alogin']=$_POST['username'];
echo "<script type='text/javascript'> document.location = 'dashboard.php';
</script>";
} else {
echo "<script>alert('Invalid Details');</script>";
}

References
• How to make a login system using PHP and MySQL
• Understand different methods of authentication in PHP

Note
• Password is stored in an encrypted format i.e. MD5.
• Try to understand why it is required and how to do it.
Bring it On!
• Check session is expired or not at each page which contains some serious information
or which can affect some serious information.
• If the session expires then redirect him to the login page again.

Expected Outcome
The main motive of this milestone is to make the admin section secure. You should be able
to authenticate the person before sending him to the admin section.

Task 9
End Game
Now, we are at the end stage of this project. We will try to put all things together and test it.
Additionally you will learn how to generate PDF with required content so that one can
download and share it wherever he/she wants.

Requirements
• Make a homepage, design it with a school logo, vision, faculty information, contact
details.
• With that make 2 more sections - result and admin.
• On clicking the result section, it should redirect it to the result page which will ask the
user to ill his/her details and get the result.
• On clicking the admin section, it should redirect it to the admin authentication page
which asks for username and password. On successful veri ication, it should redirect
the user to the admin portal where students' details can be added and modi ied.
• Make a logout button as well inside the admin portal. Upon clicking, it should delete
current session details and ask for re-login.
• For Pth
DeFthing, refer to the references.

References
• How to generate PDF from PHP code
• FPDF of icial website for download and documentation purpose

Note
• You can use other PDF generator methods as well.
• I used PHP throughout this project, you can adjust according to your preferred
back-end language.

Bring it On!
• Host this project publicly, share it with your friends and school/college.
• Try to add 2 factor authentication using SMS or Mail for admin veri ication purposes.
 16

• Try to add more functionalities in this project.

• Go ahead and make other types of management systems using similar logic and
structure.

Expected Outcome
The main motive of this milestone is to make every cluster club together and test its
functionalities.