LESSON 2 :

RESEARCH STRATEGIES
& METHODS
-
CONTENT

Terminology

Research Strategy

Types of Research Methods

 KEY TERMINOLOGY
• Research Strategy
• How to answer the research questions
• Research Methodology
• Refers to discussions of how research is done, or should be done,
• Refer to the entire research process from problem identification to data analysis
• Research Design
• The planning aspect of research project (e.g. survey design, experiment, case study )
RESEARCH STRATEGY

Qualitative
• Sources of qualitative data like stories , anecdotes , feelings etc

Quantitative
• Sources of Quantitative data like numerical data

Mixed
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

• Quantitative research is perhaps the simpler to define and

identify.
The data produced are always numerical, and they are
analyzed using mathematical and statistical methods.
SOURCES OF QUANTITATIVE DATA

• The most common sources of quantitative data include:

• Surveys, whether conducted online, by phone or in person. These rely on
the same questions being asked in the same way to a large number of
people;
• Observations, which may either involve counting the number of times
that a particular phenomenon occurs, such as how often a particular word
is used in interviews, or coding observational data to translate it into
numbers; and
• Secondary data, such as company accounts.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Qualitative research is any which does not involve numbers or

numerical data.
It often involves words or language, but may also use
pictures or photographs and observations.
 SOURCES OF QUALITATIVE DATA
Although qualitative data is much more general than quantitative, there
are still several common techniques for gathering it.These include:
• Interviews, which may be structured, semi-structured or unstructured;
• Secondary data, including diaries, journals, written accounts of past events, and
company reports;
• Observations, which may be on site, or under ‘laboratory conditions’, for
example, where participants are asked to role-play a situation to show what they
might do.
 WHAT IS A RESEARCH METHOD?

A research method is simply a technique for collecting data. It can

involve a specific instrument, such as a self-completion questionnaire
or a structured interview schedule or participant observation
whereby the researcher listens to and watches others
FOLLOWING RESEARCH METHODS WILL BE DISCUSSED

• Survey
• Interview
• Observations
• Field research
• Case study
• * Only above 2 in class 5
LITERATURE REVIEW

• Every research will start with literature review ie developing in depth

understanding of theme chosen for research by studying already done
researches.
• While doing literature review it is important to cite sources and add
bibliography.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND WRITING BIBLIOGRAPHY

To cite your literature review -

Few Free soft wares enable you to do most of the main things needed for a student
research project. For more details go to:
• https://www.zotero.org/
• https://www.easybib.com/
• https://www.citefast.com/
 RESEARCH ETHICS

The words ‘research ethics’ refer to how you behave as a researcher.Your behavior is very
important.You are asking people to help you with your research so it is important you respect
them.
Discuss following questions with –

➢ What does the word ‘participant’ mean?

➢ What does ‘anonymous’ mean?

➢ What does ‘confidential’ mean?

➢ What does ‘informed consent’ mean?

SEEKING CONSENT

You need to ask each participant to give their consent (permission) to take
part in your research. They MUST sign a form before they take part in your
research
✓ Prepare consent form for interviews & survey
✓ Prepare consent form media uploads
REFERENCES

Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices-Amol Bhattacherjee

University of South Florida, abhatt@usf.edu
Students As Authentic Researchers: A New Prescription for the High School
Research Assignment
Carol Gordon, Head, Educational Resources Library, Boston University
Educational Studies -Can I be a social scientist?

URL: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ceds