1.

Viết 1 đoạn văn one-sided 4 câu cho đề TOTALLY DISAGREE với việc
Raising wild animals as pets
In this day and age, taming wild animals is gaining popularity, but from my point
of view, I strongly disagree with this idea. Wild animals are inappropriate to be
nurtured in cages and fed by humans. Indeed, they are supposed to live freely in
the wild habitat and use their natural instinct to look for food. For instance, tigers
are independent and they belong to a free-living environment because they have an
ability to hunt other animals.
2. Viết 1 đoạn văn balanced 5 câu cho về câu "What skills are needed for
students in online learning?"
There are numerous necessary skills that students need in online learning to
acquire the best results. Firstly, they must have self-disciplined skills because
studying at home leads to the loss of teachers’ management. Indeed, teachers can
not manage their students thoroughly since it is impossible to observe a whole
class through electronic devices. Secondly, students should prepare technical skills
for distance learning as this kind of studying requires a certain knowledge of
technology. For example, to attend an online class, students have to know how to
use applications like Zoom or Microsoft Teams as well as submitting assignments
on digital devices.
FALLACY AND CRITICAL THINKING
1.FALLACY
What Is a Fallacy?
A fallacy is the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning, or "wrong moves"[1] in
the construction of an argument.[2][3] A fallacious argument may be deceptive by
appearing to be better than it really is. Some fallacies are committed intentionally
to manipulate or persuade by deception, while others are committed
unintentionally due to carelessness or ignorance. The soundness of legal
arguments depends on the context in which the arguments are made.[4]
Fallacies are commonly divided into "formal" and "informal". A formal fallacy is a
flaw in the structure of a deductive argument which renders the argument invalid,
while an informal fallacy originates in an error in reasoning other than an
improper logical form.[5] Arguments containing informal fallacies may be
formally valid, but still fallacious.[6]
Origin
Logical fallacies were first introduced by Aristotle, who identified thirteen fallacies
in Sophistical Refutations.
In his work, he didn’t only aim to show how to win an argument by making
logically valid claims, but he also demonstrated how one can refute some of their
opponent’s invalid claims. He called these sophistical and contentious arguments.
Formal Fallacy
Formal fallacy (or deductive fallacy) refers to a flaw in the structure of a deductive
argument that renders the conclusion invalid.
A deductive argument is one that is intended to provide a necessarily valid
conclusion if the premises are true. Hence, its validity is dependant on the structure
of the argument.
An argument containing a formal fallacy is invalid because the conclusion cannot
follow logically from the given premises, even though the premises, as well as the
conclusion, may be factually true.
One common type of formal fallacy is affirming the consequent, and its logical
form looks like this:
1. If A is true, then B is true.
2. B is true.
3. Therefore, A is true.
Informal Fallacy
While formal fallacies are concerned with structural flaws in arguments,
informal fallacies deal with the non-structural ones: Essentially, they deal with
all the other errors that formal fallacies don’t. And, although informal fallacies
may also apply to deductive arguments, they typically occur in inductive
arguments.
An inductive argument is an argument that is meant to provide strong enough
premises to support only a probable truth of the conclusion. The success of an
inductive argument relies on the evidence supporting the conclusion, that is, on
the strength of its premises.
Consider the following claim:
 “I’ve had my car for 5 years and it has never broken down. So, it won’t
break down tomorrow.”
Why Are Logical Fallacies Important?
Logical fallacies are a common occurrence in various debates and discussions
everywhere; in politics, media, advertising, philosophical debates, as well as in
our everyday discussions. They are an important part of logic, critical thinking,
and argumentation.
As such, there are a number of benefits that arise from studying logic and
fallacies, including:
 It will help you to develop your vocabulary, reduce biases, and to form
better, more persuasive arguments of your own, which, in turn, will make
you seem more credible and help you reach your goals.
 You will be better able to evaluate other people’s arguments and spot and
counter unsound reasoning.
 It will help you to defend yourself better from persuaders who wish to
influence your beliefs, values, or actions in a way that may be against your
self-interests.

Sources: https://fallacyinlogic.com/logical-fallacy-definition-and-examples/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy

2.CRITICAL THINKING

What is critical thinking?

Critical thinking refers to the ability to analyze information objectively and

make a reasoned judgment. It involves the evaluation of sources, such as data,
facts, observable phenomena, and research findings.

The importance of critical thinking

Critical thinking is a domain-general thinking skill. The ability to think

clearly and rationally is important whatever we choose to do. If you work in
education, research, finance, management or the legal profession, then critical
thinking is obviously important. But critical thinking skills are not restricted to
a particular subject area. Being able to think well and solve problems
systematically is an asset for any career.

Critical thinking is very important in the new knowledge economy. The

global knowledge economy is driven by information and technology. One has
to be able to deal with changes quickly and effectively. The new economy
places increasing demands on flexible intellectual skills, and the ability to
analyse information and integrate diverse sources of knowledge in solving
problems. Good critical thinking promotes such thinking skills, and is very
important in the fast-changing workplace.

Critical thinking enhances language and presentation skills. Thinking

clearly and systematically can improve the way we express our ideas. In
learning how to analyse the logical structure of texts, critical thinking also
improves comprehension abilities.

Critical thinking promotes creativity. To come up with a creative solution to

a problem involves not just having new ideas. It must also be the case that the
new ideas being generated are useful and relevant to the task at hand. Critical
thinking plays a crucial role in evaluating new ideas, selecting the best ones and
modifying them if necessary

Critical thinking is crucial for self-reflection. In order to live a meaningful

life and to structure our lives accordingly, we need to justify and reflect on our
values and decisions. Critical thinking provides the tools for this process of self-
evaluation.

Good critical thinking is the foundation of science and democracy. Science

requires the critical use of reason in experimentation and theory confirmation.
The proper functioning of a liberal democracy requires citizens who can think
critically about social issues to inform their judgments about proper governance
and to overcome biases and prejudice.

Examples of Critical Thinking

The circumstances that demand critical thinking vary from industry to industry.

Some examples include:

 A triage nurse analyzes the cases at hand and decides the order by which the
patients should be treated.
 A plumber evaluates the materials that would best suit a particular job.
 An attorney reviews evidence and devises a strategy to win a case or to
decide whether to settle out of court.
 A manager analyzes customer feedback forms and uses this information to
develop a customer service training session for employees.
Top Critical Thinking Skills

Analysis

Part of critical thinking is the ability to carefully examine something, whether it

is a problem, a set of data, or a text. People with analytical skills can examine
information, understand what it means, and properly explain to others the
implications of that information.

Communication

Often, you will need to share your conclusions with your employers or with a
group of colleagues. You need to be able to communicate with others to share
your ideas effectively. You might also need to engage critical thinking in a
group. In this case, you will need to work with others and communicate
effectively to figure out solutions to complex problems.

Creativity

Critical thinking often involves creativity and innovation. You might need to
spot patterns in the information you are looking at or come up with a solution
that no one else has thought of before. All of this involves a creative eye that
can take a different approach from all other approaches.
Open-Mindedness

To think critically, you need to be able to put aside any assumptions or

judgments and merely analyze the information you receive. You need to be
objective, evaluating ideas without bias.

Problem Solving

Problem solving is another critical thinking skill that involves analyzing a

problem, generating and implementing a solution, and assessing the success of
the plan. Employers don’t simply want employees who can think about
information critically. They also need to be able to come up with practical
solutions.

Sources: https://www.thoughtco.com/critical-thinking-definition-with-
examples-2063745

https://philosophy.hku.hk/think/critical/ct.php