Raejene Parris

5B
Food Nutrition and Health
Fat and Oils

How is fats and oils manufactured?

. The rendering process is applied on a large scale to the production of animal fats
such as tallow, lard, bone fat and whale oil. It consists of cutting or fatty tissue into
small pieces that are boiled in open vats or cooked in steam digesters.

1. Animals Fat

Two types of animal Fats are butter and lard.

. Butter is made by churning milk or cream to separate the fat globules from butter
milk. Salt and Food colorings are added to butter sometimes

. Lard is made from pigs that are specially bred for this purpose. The fat is obtained
from fatty tissues under the skin. They are cut into small pieces and heated to
remove the lard.

An example of a commercial product of animal fat is Lard.

2. Plant Oils
Two types of plant oils are soybean oil and sunflower oil.

. Soybean oil is made by cleaning the seeds, breaking them by rollers, cooking the
seeds in steam, expelling the oil by squeezing it cold-pressed, removal of natural
acids, bleaching to lighten the clour and finally deodorising and improving the taste
and smell.

. Sunflower oil is made by cleaning the seeds, breaking them by rollers, cooking the
seeds in steam, expelling the oil by squeezing it cold-pressed, removal of natural
acids, bleaching to lighten the clour and finally deodorising and improving the taste
and smell.

An example of a commercial product of plant oil is Vegetable oil.

 3. Marine Manufacture
Two types of marine manufacture are whale and fish oils.

. Whale oil is made by boiling strips of blubber harvested from whales. The removal
is known as “fleshing” and the boiling process was called “trying out”

. Fish oil is made by a cooking process, are processed and purified in several steps.
The proteins are denatured and removed by pressing. Thereafter,the oil is
separated.

An example of marine manufacture product is cod-liver oil.