579910420.

doc

{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=10><L=2><X=H><id=001>}}
2133001
« Jenny does an experiment to study torque. She applies a force F on different
positions on a door as shown below. O is the hinge. Suppose every time the door
moves with the same speed and the force F is perpendicular to the door.
F

O
A B C D E

The data obtained is shown in the table below.

Position A B C D E
F/N 20 23 27 32 41
Distance from O / cm 80 70 60 50 40
(a) When F is applied at A, what is the torque produced? (2 marks)
(b) Calculate the torque produced by F at the other four positions. What do you
find about their values? (5 marks)
(c) Explain what you find in (b). (1 mark)
(d) If F is parallel to AO, can the door be opened? Explain briefly. (2 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks
(a) Torque produced at A = Fd 1M
= 20  0.8
= 16 N m 1A
(b) Torque produced at B = 23  0.7 = 16.1 N m 1A
Torque produced at C = 27  0.6 = 16.2 N m 1A
Torque produced at D = 32  0.5 = 16 N m 1A
Torque produced at E = 41  0.4 = 16.4 N m 1A
The torques at different positions are almost the same. 1A
(c) The torque needed to overcome the resistance of the hinge stays
constant. 1A

(d) When F is parallel to AO, the moment arm is zero, so the torque
produced will be zero too. 1A

Therefore, the door cannot be opened. 1A

1
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-- ans end --

{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=10><L=2><X=H><id=002>}}
2133002
« An object slides down from a slope to the ground. It keeps moving a distance
before it stops.
(a) Explain why the object does not stop at once when it reaches the ground but
keeps moving for a distance. (3 marks)
(b) Suggest two methods to make the object stop in a shorter time. (2 marks)
(c) The horizontal speed of the object is 6 m s1 when it reaches the ground.
The distance it goes before stopping is 12 m. The mass of the object is 2 kg.
(і) Find the friction between the object and the ground. (3 marks)
(іі) A pulling force can be applied to the object so that the distance it goes
before stopping will be halved. How large should the force be?
(2 marks)
-- ans --
Solutions Marks
(a) When the object reaches the ground, its speed is greater than zero. 1A
However, friction acts on it against its motion, so it decelerates. 1A
It takes time to decelerate to stop. 1A
(b) Give the object a backward pulling force. 1A
Fix a board on the ground to block the object. 1A
(Or other reasonable answers)
(c) (і) Take the moving direction of the object as positive.
By v2  u2 = 2as,

a= = = 1.5 m s2 1M

Friction = net force = ma 1M

= 2  (1.5)
= 3 N
 The friction is 3 N. 1A
(іі) Take the moving direction of the object be positive.
Let p be the pulling force.
By v2  u2 = 2as,

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579910420.doc

a= = = 3 m s2 1M

By F = ma,
p  3 = 2  (3)
p=3N
1A
 The pulling force should be 3 N.
-- ans end --

{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=11><L=2><X=H><id=003>}}
2133003
« Jimmy’s dad drives him home. At a turning, his dad turns the steering wheel
clockwise with both hands.

(a) Draw the forces that Jimmy’s dad exerts on the steering wheel in the figure
below. (2 marks)

(b) Jimmy sees his dad turns the steering wheel easily, so he thinks the steering
wheel does not apply force on his dad. Is Jimmy correct? Explain briefly.
(2 marks)
(c) If the force applied on the steering wheel by each hand is 10 N, and the
radius of the steering wheel is 15 cm, find the couple formed. (2 marks)
(d) Jimmy thinks that when his dad turns the steering wheel, there is a net force
acting on it. Is Jimmy correct? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
(e) A lot of daily-life tools make use of couple. List three of them. (3 marks)

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-- ans --
Solutions Marks
(a)

(Forces tangential to the steering wheel) 1A

(Forces in opposite directions) 1A
(b) Jimmy is not correct. 1A
According to Newton’s third law, since Jimmy’s dad exerts forces on
the steering wheel, the steering wheel also applies reaction forces
on him. 1A
(c) Couple = Fd 1M
= 10  0.15  2
=3Nm 1A
(d) He is not correct. 1A
Since the two forces in a couple are equal in magnitude but opposite
in direction, the resultant force is zero. 1A
(e) Key, pencil sharpener and can opener 3  1A
(Or other reasonable answers)
-- ans end --

{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=15><L=3><X=H><id=004>}}
2133004
«« Darren pushes an object S up to a truck on an inclined board as shown below.
The mass of object S is 50 kg. The length of the board AC = 3 m. S is at rest at
point A. Darren pushes the object S to point B with a force of 400 N in 1 s. The
speed of the object stays constant when it travels from B to C.

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579910420.doc

S
A 30

(a) Suppose the board is smooth.

(і) Draw the free-body diagram of S. (3 marks)
(іі) Find the length of AB. (4 marks)
(ііі) What is the total time needed to push S from A to C? (3 marks)
(b) Suppose the friction between the board and the object is 80 N.
(і) Find the length of AB. (2 marks)
(іі) What is the total time needed to push S from A to C? (3 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks
(a) (і)
normal reaction

pushing force

weight

(Correct weight) 1A
(Correct pushing force) 1A
(Correct normal reaction) 1A
(ii) Take the moving direction of the object as positive.
By F = ma, 1M

acceleration of S within AB =

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= 3 m s2 1M

By s = ut + , 1M

length of AB = 0 +  3  12

= 1.5 m 1A
(ііі) Speed of S at B = at = 3  1 = 3 m s1 1M

Time needed for S to move from B to C = = = 0.5 s 1M

Total time needed to push S from A to C = 1  0.5 = 1.5 s 1A

(b) (i) By F  ma,

acceleration of S within AB =

= 1.4 m s2 1M

By s = ut + ,

length of AB = 0 +  1.4  12

= 0.7 m 1A
(ii) Speed of S at B = at = 1.4  1 = 1.4 m s1 1M

Time needed fro S to move from B to C = = = 1.64 s 1M

Total time needed to push S from A to C = 1 + 1.64 = 2.64 s 1A

-- ans end --

{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=15><L=3><X=H><id=005>}}
2133005
«« A student wants to find out how the terminal velocity of a parachute is affected
by its area and mass. She studies with parachutes made from plastic sheets and a
small mass. She mounts a motion sensor from a height with its face down and
drops 3 parachutes of different areas and masses from the motion sensor. Figures
a, b and c show the velocity-time graphs obtained by the motion sensor.

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Figure a v-t graph of parachute (area = 30 cm  30 cm, mass = 2.5 g)

Figure b v-t graph of parachute (area = 30 cm  30 cm, mass = 5.0 g)

Figure c v-t graph of parachute (area = 50 cm  50 cm, mass = 2.5 g)

(a) What are the forces acting on the parachute as it falls? How do these forces
affect the motion of the parachute throughout the fall? (5 marks)
(b) Suggest a reason why the v-t graphs are not smooth. (1 mark)

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(c) From the v-t graphs, what are the terminal velocities of the parachutes?
(3 marks)
(d) Comparing the graphs, suggest how the terminal velocity is affected by
(i) the mass,
(ii) the area of the parachute.
State whether the terminal velocity increases or decreases with the change
of mass and area. (2 marks)
(e) Explain the findings in (d) in terms of the forces acting on the parachute.
(4 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks
(a) The parachute is acted on by its weight (downwards) and 1A
air resistance (upwards). 1A
As the parachute gains speeds, the air resistance increases, so net 1A
force decreases.
By F = ma, the acceleration of the parachute therefore decreases. 1A
Eventually the net force acting on the parachute becomes zero and 1A
the parachute falls with the terminal velocity.
(b) Since the parachute is very light, it is affected by air current and 1A
does not fall straight downwards.
(c) Terminal velocity for Figure a is about 0.9 m s . 1A
Terminal velocity for Figure b is about 1.3 m s . 1A
Terminal velocity for Figure c is about 0.8 m s . 1A
(d) (i) From Figures a and b, the terminal velocity increases with the 1A
mass.
(ii) From Figures a and c, the terminal velocity decreases with the 1A
area.
(e) (i) When the mass, hence the weight, increases, the air 1A
resistance has to be larger to balance the weight and allow the
parachute to reach the terminal velocity.
Since the air resistance increases with the speed of the 1A
parachute, the terminal velocity increases.
(ii) Since the air resistance increases with the area of the 1A
parachute,

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with a larger parachute area, the air resistance can balance 1A

the weight at a lower speed.
-- ans end --

{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=15><L=3><X=H><id=006>}}
2133006
««
(a) A block of mass 5 kg is placed on a rough surface as shown in Figure a. A
horizontal force F of 5 N is applied on it. The block moves at a constant
velocity of 1 m s1.
5 kg F
rough surface

Figure a
(i) Find the friction between the block and the table. (1 mark)
(ii) Calculate the acceleration of the block if F is increased to 10 N.
(2 marks)
(b) The 5-kg block and another 10-kg block are then placed together on a
smooth surface as shown in Figure b. A 75-N force is applied horizontally
towards the right against the 5-kg block.

75 N 10 kg
5 kg
smooth surface

Figure b
(i) (1) Calculate the net force acting on the 5-kg block.
(2) Calculate the net force acting on the 10-kg block by the 5-kg
block.
(3 marks)
(ii) A student says that the force acting on the 5-kg block by the 10-kg
block is the same as that in part (b)(i)(2). Without doing any
calculation, comment on this statement. (3 marks)
(c) The blocks are then rearranged as shown in Figure c.

9
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10 kg

smooth surface

5 kg

Figure c
(i) Calculate the acceleration of the blocks. (3 marks)
(ii) A student says that if the 5-kg block is replaced by a pulling force of
50 N vertically downwards, the acceleration of the 10-kg block will be
the same as in (c)(i). Comment on this statement. (3 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks
(a) (i) The block moves at a constant velocity.
1A
 frictional force = applied force = 5 N
(ii) By Newton’s second law of motion,
1M
F = ma
10  5 = 5a
1A
a = 1 m s2

(b) (i) Acceleration of the blocks

= 5 m s2 1A
(1) Net force acting on the 5-kg block
= ma
=55
1A
= 25 N
(2) Net force acting on the 10-kg block
= ma
= 10  5
1A
= 50 N
(ii) The student is not correct. 1A

10
579910420.doc

The forces form an action-and-reaction pair. 1A

By Newton’s third law of motion, the magnitudes of these
forces are the same, but they are in different directions. 1A
(c) (i) Let T be the tension in the string.
1A
For the 5-kg block: 50  T = 5a ............ (1)
1A
For the 10-kg block: T = 10a .......... (2)
1A
Solving (1) and (2), a = 3.33 m s2
(ii) The student is not correct. 1A
In (c)(i), the weight of the 5-kg block (50 N) is used to
accelerate both blocks. Now the 50-N force is used to
accelerate the 10-kg block only. 1A
The acceleration of the 10-kg block is greater than that in (c)(i). 1A
-- ans end --

{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=14><L=3><X=H><id=007>}}
2133007
«« In Figure a, a girl of mass 60 kg is standing on a weighing scale in a lift of mass
740 kg.

Figure a

Figure b shows the velocity-time graph of the lift.

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579910420.doc

velocity / m s1

time / s
0 5 20 25

Figure b
The mass of the weighing scale can be neglected. Take the upward direction as
positive.
(a) Find the acceleration of the lift from
(i) 05 s,
(ii) 520 s,
(iii) 2025 s.
Hence sketch the acceleration-time graph of the lift. (5 marks)
(b) If the breaking tension of the cable of the lift is 24 000 N, calculate the
maximum possible acceleration of the lift with the girl. (2 marks)
(c) (i) Find the weight of the girl. (1 mark)
(ii) What is the reading of the weighing scale during
(1) 0 to 5 s,
(2) 5 to 20 s,
(3) 20 to 25 s?
(3 marks)
(d) If the cable of the lift breaks, the lift undergoes free falling. The reading of
the weighing scale becomes zero. A student states that the weight of the
girl becomes zero. Comment on the student’s statement. (3 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks

(a) (i) From 0 to 5 s: a = = 1 m s–2 1A

(ii) From 5 to 20 s: a = 0 m s2 1A

12
579910420.doc

(iii) From 20 to 25 s: a = = –1 m s–2 1A

acceleration / m s2

time / s
5 20 25

1

(Labelled axes with units) 1A

(Correct graph) 1A
(b) Apply Newton’s second law of motion, net force = ma. 1M
24 000 = (60 + 740)  a
a = 30 m s2 1A
(c) (i) Weight = 60  10
1A
= 600 N
(ii) (1) From Newton’s second law of motion, net force = ma.
Reaction force  60  10 = 60  1
Reaction force = 660 N
The weighing scale measures the reaction force acting on
the girl.
 Weighing scale reading = 660 N 1A
(2) Weighing scale reading = 600 N 1A
(3) Reaction force  60  10= 60  (1)
Reaction force = 540 N
1A
 Weighing scale reading = 540 N
(d) The weighing scale measures the reaction force acting on the girl. 1A
When the girl undergoes free falling, the reaction force acting on 1A
her is zero.
However, the weight of the girl, which is the gravitational force 1A
acting on her, is still equal to 600 N (or mg).
-- ans end --

{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=15><L=3><X=H><id=008>}}

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2133008
««
The figure below shows a mass suspended by a light inextensible string. A
spring balance is attached to the mass and pulled horizontally so that the string is
inclined at an angle  with the horizontal.

 F

(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show all the forces acting on the mass.
(3 marks)
(b) What is the resultant force on the mass? (1 mark)
(c) A student performs an experiment to find the relationship between F and .
Different values of  are used and the corresponding values of F are
measured. The results obtained are shown below:
 50 45 40 35 30
F/N 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.5 17.0
(i) Using a scale of 1 cm representing 2 N (y-axis) and 1 cm representing

0.2 (x-axis), plot a graph of F (y-axis) against (x-axis).

(5 marks)
(ii) Find the slope of the graph. (2 marks)
(iii) State the physical meaning of the slope of the graph. (2 marks)
(iv) Find the tension in the string when  = 45. (2 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks

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579910420.doc

(a)
tension (T)


F
mass

weight (W)

(Correct tension) 1A
(Correct pulling force) 1A
(Correct weight) 1A
(b) The resultant force on the mass is zero. 1A
(c) (i)
F/N 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.5 17.0

0.84 1 1.19 1.43 1.73 2M

15
579910420.doc

F/N

18

16

14

12

10

2
1/tan 
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

(Labelled axes with units) 1A

(Correct points) 1A
(The best fitting straight line passing through the origin) 1A

(ii) Slope = 1M

= 10 N 1A
(iii) The physical meaning of the slope of the graph can be derived
as follows.
T cos  = F ............ (1)
T sin  = W ............ (2) 1M

 The slope is W.
(iv) Since the mass is in equilibrium, the resultant force in the
horizontal direction is zero, i.e.

16
579910420.doc

T cos  = F 1M
When  = 45, F = 10 N
 T cos 45 = 10 1A
T = 14.1 N
-- ans end --

{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=13><L=3><X=H><id=009>}}
2133009
««
The figure below shows a block of mass 4 kg placed on a rough plane inclined at
30 to the horizontal. The block is pushed up the plane by a 45-N force acting
parallel to the plane. The block moves with uniform velocity.

45 N

30

(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show all the forces acting on the block.
(3
marks)
(b) Find the normal reaction acting on the block by the plane. (3 marks)
(c) Find the friction between the block and the plane. (3 marks)
(d) If the 45 N force is removed suddenly, describe fully the subsequent motion
of the block. Explain briefly. (4 marks)

-- ans --
Solution Marks
(a)

17
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normal reaction 45 N

friction
weight

(Correct normal force) 1A

(Correct friction) 1A
(Correct weight) 1A
(b) Component of the weight perpendicular to the plane
= 4  10  cos 30
1M
= 34.6 N
Since the block does not move along the perpendicular direction to 1M
the plane, the net force in this direction is zero.
(OR normal reaction  weight component normal to the plane = 0)
Therefore the normal reaction is 34.6 N. 1A
(c) Component of the weight parallel to the plane
= 4  10  sin 30
1M
= 20 N
Since the block moves with uniform velocity along the plane, the net 1M
force in this direction is zero.
(OR pushing force  weight component along the plane = friction)
Therefore the friction is (45  20) N = 25 N 1A
(d) Since the friction and the component of the weight parallel to the
plane are opposing the motion of the block, 1A
The block will decelerate initially. 1A
Then it will stop and remain at rest when it reaches its highest
position, 1A
at which the friction opposes and balances the component of the
weight parallel to the plane. 1A
-- ans end --

{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=11><L=3><X=H><id=010>}}

18
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2133010
«« An object of mass 1 kg is hung by a spring balance inside a box. The following
figure shows the whole set-up that is placed on the ground. It is known that the
mass of the set-up is 5 kg.

The box is then dropped from a height to the ground.

(a) What is the weight of the object? (1 mark)
(b) If air resistance is ignored, what is the acceleration of the box as it falls?
(1 mark)
(c) If air resistance should be taken into consideration, how will it affect the
acceleration of the box? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
(d) It is found that the box finally falls with a constant speed.
(i) Explain why this happens. (3 marks)
(ii) What is the air resistance when this happens? (1 mark)
(e) What is the reading of the spring balance when
(i) the box accelerates at g?
(ii) the box attains a constant speed?
Explain your answers briefly. (3 marks)

-- ans --
Solution Marks
(a) Weight of the object = mg
1A
= 1  10 = 10 N
(b) Acceleration = g = 10 m s–2 1A
(c) If the air resistance should be considered, the acceleration will 1A
become smaller.

19
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This is because the air resistance acts in the opposite direction 1A

against the weight.
(d) (i) The air resistance increases with the speed of the box.
Eventually, it becomes large enough to balance the weight of
the box. 1A

When this happens, the net force acting on the box becomes
zero. 1A

According to Newton’s first law, the box will fall with a constant
speed. 1A

(ii) Air resistance = weight of the set-up (box and contents)

1A
= 5  10 = 50 N
(e) In both cases, the spring balance reads 0 N. 1A
It is because the spring falls with the same speed as that of the
object. 1A
The object exerts no forces to the spring balance.
Thus the balance reads 0 N. 1A
-- ans end --

{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=12><L=3><X=H><id=011>}}
2133011
«« Two blocks on a smooth ground are connected together with a string. A force of
50 N pulls the blocks to the right.
string

A
B

5 kg 50 N
3 kg

(a) Draw the free-body diagram for block A. (3 marks)

(b) Draw the free-body diagram for block B. (4 marks)
(c) Find the tension in the string? (3 marks)
(d) Block A is put on a rough plane inclined at 30 to the horizontal. A force F
parallel to the plane acts on the block.

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30

When F = 35 N, the block starts to move. Find the friction between the
block and the plane. (2 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks
(a)
normal reaction = 50 N

tension

weight = 50 N

(Correct normal reaction) 1A

(Correct tension) 1A
(Correct weight) 1A
(b)
normal reaction = 30 N

tension 50 N

weight = 30 N

21
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(Correct tension) 1A
(Correct pulling force) 1A
(Correct normal reaction) 1A
(Correct weight) 1A
(c) Let T be the tension of the string.
Consider block A.
1M
T = mAa .................. (1)
Consider block B.
1M
50 – T= mBa ........... (2)
Solving (1) and (2),

3T = 5(50 – T)
8T = 250
T = 31.25 N
The tension of the string is 31.25 N. 1A

(d) Consider the forces along the plane.

1M
friction + mg sin  = 35
friction + 5  10  sin 30 = 35
1A
friction = 10 N
-- ans end --

22