ORAL COMMUNICATION

Study Guide

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BASIC COMMUNICATION CONCEPTS

A. Definition
It is the meaning of a certain word which describes or states what that certain word is
is the process of sharing meaning through continuous flow of symbolic messages.
involves transmission of verbal and non-verbal messages. It consists of a sender, a receiver and
channel of communication.
B. Types
1. Verbal
Is a way of communication with the use of words,
2.Nonverbal
Is a way of communication that doesn’t use words like hand signals etc.
3. Visual
Is the use of images or clips
C. Functions
1.Information
Is a gathered data, knowledge or fact about someone or something.
2. Emotion
Is what a certain person feels like being happy, sad, depressed etc.
3. Motivation
Is what pushes a person, or the reason that we act or do something to attain our goals
4. Socialization
the process whereby an individual learns to adjust to a group (or society) and behave in a manner
approved by the group (or society).
5. Regulation
law, rule, or other order prescribed by authority, especially to regulate conduct.
6. Persuasion
is something meant to get you to do or believe something. Another meaning for persuasion is the act
of influencing someone to do something or to change their mind.
D. Characteristics
1. Inevitable
a situation that is unavoidable, example death, making mistakes, failure
2. Purposive
having, showing, or acting with a purpose, intention, or design, done with the aim of achieving a
particular thing
3. Contextual
depending on the preceding or following parts of a text to clarify meaning.
 4. Symbolic
involving the use of symbols or different things, animals to symbolize something

5. Interpretative
relating to or providing an interpretation, explanation to help you understand and make meaning

6. Developmental
relating to the process of growing or changing into a more advanced, larger, or stronger form etc.
7. Irreversible
impossible to change or to return to a previous condition
8. Ethical
comes from the Greek ethos "moral character" and describes a person or behavior as right in the
moral sense - truthful, fair, and honest.
9. Influenced by Channels

E. Elements
1. Context
the setting of a word or event.
2. Sender
is someone who encodes and sends a message to a receiver through a particular channel
3. Message
is a piece of information or a request that you send to someone or leave for them when you cannot
speak to them directly.
4. Channel
is a passageway, a means of access for a thing, a communication, or an idea.
5. Receiver
is the listener, reader, or observer—that is, the individual (or the group of individuals) to whom a
message is directed.
6. Feedback
The response of a receiver to sender's message
7. Barrier
are things that get in the way of a message being received.
• Barnlund’s Transactional Model
F. Levels
1. Intrapersonal
can be defined as communication with one's self, and that may include self-talk, acts of imagination
and visualization
2. Interpersonal
is an exchange of information between two or more people
3. Small Group
 refers to interactions among three or more people who are connected through a common purpose,
mutual influence, and a shared identity.

4. Public or Mass
a communication made in identical form to multiple persons or to the world at large, as by television,
radio, motion picture, newspaper, pamphlet, mass mailing, letterhead, business card, or directory.