Namc: Sameerq.

27Jan 2022 TERN ExAM PsyCcHOLoGy I ARTS 9 T

Roll no: ll.

and mental processes 3

2Thestudyohuman behaviou
known as psycholcgy

3) SeLf image i s aperson a l iens or mental pictur thab

Ne have of ourselvesS

Sef concept s defined_ as the totality of perceptions each

person_hasOf themselves

S) Human development means aprmqressive Series of change

that occun o s a result_Of maturation anol experience

Bebaviour i s a n arganism's
response to various stimul
present in O ur suroundung -

2) The 9ermin al stage of developmentsJasts from conceptioon

t o2 weeks
Within a few hours af ter concepion the ferHli2ed ceu
caued zugote Starts a
journey down the
Folopian tube
to the wberuS it S tarts the process ef oluplicotion
Where
In his process,
the Z49ote oivides into two cels an
then continues to cuplicate itsey
3 Self- esteem S the general ewaluation of aperson

olong a olimension
' h e overo
According to Seliqman, sef-csteem, is
based o n a u
eNcalLation of your worth as a person,
neqative andposihe self peroeptions
Self esteem is the raspect one has for tnemsele
For example, a boy may hane high self-csteem
Obout his intelectuol olbilities, but dow seLf-esteem

while trnying new hings

AJ Educationalpsychology_examinesondstudies oulfactors
neqacunq educotion
tis involved inincreasing theefficiencyOf the teaching
and Learninq_procesS
An eclucational psycholcaist is_involuecin_deueLoping
effectie metheds of teaching/Learningpreparing
intervention_pogramsforexceptional.chilarenpreparig
relevant curriculum ct
Itis aso_concerned witn the general problemS of

the eaching and learnin9 process.

They ry to clesign intervenion programso develop
motivation, effective shuoly habits anel efficient
olassroom environment
Eniraam Estucational psycholegsts generally vork
with schcols coueges universitiesec, to deal with
behavioral /ssues of chitdren like, Learning oticorders,
ADHD,et
S)|The characteristics of Adolescence are as fo llO ns
1)Ado
les cence is an important period becouse this period has
LEs emmecliate effect on attitudes and behaviour of an
adolescent
Ado lescence is a transition period, itis the bridge
between childhood and adulAhooo
Adotscence is a per iod of physical charges
iv Adols een ce is the age of chalerges
v Adolscence is a tinme for searching one!'s own idenHhg

v)Adolscenae is a time for unreaistc idleas

Adolscence is the threshholcd of oolulkhood

During 1950 and 1960sfocus ofpsychology shfted from

behaviour to cognihve proceSses
Psychologists wer interestec in studying processesuke
perception, thinking, memory anol other higher order aciviHes
Coqnihire psycholoqists a interested in Shudyinginner processes
thatmgqer particuar_response to the shmulus

Charmcteristics of olevelopment are

lays the
iDevelopment is continuous: One Staqe of devslopment
foundation_for Hhe next stage Ofdevelopment.
speciftc: The infant's
ii) Dewelopment procecols from qeneral to
Iike reflexes and
motor movements are very 9eneraized,
hOn-diectional naving of armS or kicking before ablee

to reach or crawl tonNardls an okjec6

 and mental
ii)Development leodls to Integ ration: Physical
qronh does not take place simultaneausly
iv) Deelopment is_prediotoble: The rote of olevelopment is
tadrdy constant fdr everY child This sho ws thar it poss16le
is

to precict olevelapment Of achldl

3)James Marcia's Approach to ldentHty dlevelopment

a) dehtity foreclosure: Here adolescent accepts otherS
plecision about what is best for them
For example A engineerds olaughter becomes an Cngineer

ach Odo lescents are_bappy and sef sotisfted. Theuy

hone no need forself-opproval They tendt0b e

uthoritclian.

ldentity ouiffusion: Here aclolescents nethen explore nor

Commit t o the alternaties

Such people a e socially WithdmuwnThey appear carefree

but their lack of commitment

impairs thelr ability o form
close relationship9

Moratordum: Here aaolescernts explore some alternativees

but make no commitments.

They experience high canxiety and psychological conftict

They are lively and appealung and seek intimacy with

others

o tdentity achlevement: Here adotescents explore and seorch

thro ugh what the are and what they olo
Teens who have reached tend ta be_psuchologicauy heauthier
higner in achievem ert,_moHvation ond moral reasoning.
 Tohn Natson defined bebaiour as anythinq a persOn on.
animal does, thot c a n be observed reaorded and Suaiecl
Behaviour is an organisms response to any externol o r

internad simulus
This is represented by the S - o R madlel, where S stimulus
OEOrganism and R response, which Is the reactOn off

he orqanism ta h e SHmuus

wih
2i Upanishicls explain the self and persanalits S r u c u r e
the help of concept caued kosha
There a e 3 bashas Apnamaya kosha, Pranmayo koshaa
kosha
manomauakasha idnyanmayakosha _and anandmaya
-

Upanishds aSO talk about Pactors that affecked these

koshos and a l s o hOw these koshos dletermine humaun

behaviour

iiAccoraing to Ayurvedathere are three types_OfdosaS, namely,

kapha, vataand pita which oletermine the prakrut or
CharacteistcS Of a humaun

for example, iraivioluals who howe kapha a s olomimot koghas

are calm,flexible ancl caring. The howe.strong memoryand
longer tograspasusject,butretoun fo Longer periods
it
toke
Of Hme
vato_ a s a lominobt kasha a r e
Indivioluals who howe totka
unprecictabe Thelr moocls and thoug hts ftuctuote.. They
but olso calm lown very fast They
getangry veny quick!y ,

are art Jovers

Individuals who h a e pita aS a dominant kosha are +hought
be very shorp They are also known to be very short temperd.

(PTO)
i i Anotner concept to explain human temperament
is caulecd quna, it has 3 parts, namely 80ttaa una,
Rajas guna, Tamos guna
The human bocy s maaeup of Rojas, Tamas and
Sattoa qunoA
The influence of qunas is seen in the person's kehaiour.
For exampe, people have tamas quaiities are id le
and stu98ish. They clo net voak hara. They seem
to be olepressecd
Rajasi people are aristocratic. Theirself-esteem S

very strong Thet are betigerert anolnrant everythig-

o proceec accoraling to toelr wishes
People Hoase h a hare sothaquna are caum and.

undlerstanaing, Theolo thelr nerk @msl carefuuy

AnolpomptlyThe oare dlento earth anol bebaNe
coaumly
iv)| Poutanoiexplaineo deep nougt about psychalogy
inYyoqSutra
He was Hae yogi bowinq agpeat.Scientific vision
He stucuec Jerels of human eonsiausness anol propaseo)

waHs to evolve spirltuoL

3 He propcsed the theary o ashtangyoga the

Ospechs of which or: yama, niyama, aaSana, pranayom

ProtOnar,oharana, olnyon and samaolhi.