MPU 2313 Revision Questions (Topic 7-9) Semester 2, Aug-Nov 2021

Revision Question Set 1

Topic 7
1. Define Social Morality Theory and briefly elaborate two (2) weaknesses of the principle.

If everyone always stole, lied, broke promises, harmed others to get their own way because
of their selfishness in getting what they want, nobody could live in peace together.
2. The statement above shows the weakness of an ethical theory. Name the ethical theory and
provide the definition of this theory.

3. Elaborate briefly what Ethical Egoism is. According to this theory, when is an action morally
right?
4. List the names of two philosophers who promoted the importance of virtues.Elaborate brieflyon
two (2) characteristics of Personality Virtues Ethics.

5. Something is good and right if it actually promotes traits culturally acknowledged as virtue. As a
result, practicing it can give a greater opportunity for us to live a fully human life. Name the
ethical theory that suggests the above. Elaborate briefly on three (3) characteristics of this ethical
theory.

If someone is drowning, and you save him. You are doing the morally right thing even
though your reason may be the hope of getting a reward. It is the result of your action that
matters morally.
6. The statement above gives an example of an ethical theory. Name the ethical theory and provide
the definition of this theory.

In Monster Study, an experiment was conducted on children in an orphanage, the goal of

the experiments was to try to make normal children stutter and to see whether telling
stutterers that their speech was fine would cure them of it. This experiment created
negative psychological effects on normal children. Some retained speech problems for the
rest of their lives.
7. Explain why this experiment is unethical according to Kant’s Deontological Ethics.

In August 1945, U.S. forces dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing
over 140, 000 Japanese. The action ended continual sufferings & effects of war in
Sarawak & Sabah & Malaya and many Asian countries, such as China, Korea, Taiwan,
Philippines, Burma, Indonesia and Singapore which were occupied by the Japanese.

8. Those who claim that the atomic bombing of Japan is justified argue that killing innocent people
may be acceptable if it produces an outcome that saves a greater number of others from harm.
Name the ethical theory that supports this argument and briefly elaborate the two (2) weaknesses
of the principle.

Stephen Richards spent nine years in prison for selling marijuana. During his nine-year stint
in prison, Richards had a tough wake-up call after witnessing suicides, beatings, and
shootings. He received his bachelor's degree while in prison and got his graduate degree
from University of Wisconsin and Ph.D. from Iowa State University. He went on to become
a professor of criminal justice at University of Wisconsin - Oshkosh and published several
books on criminology.
9. Name the ethical theory that Stephen Richards has practised in changing his life completely and
briefly elaborate the two(2) characteristics of the principle.

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MPU 2313 Revision Questions (Topic 7-9) Semester 2, Aug-Nov 2021

From 1945 to 1955, the Vipeholm experiments in a mental hospital in Sweden was where
researchers fed large amounts of sweets to the patients to investigate dental caries. Results
of the experiments helped dentists to link the intake of sugar to dental caries.
10. Briefly explain why this experiment is unethical according to Kant’s Deontological Ethics.

11. Define utilitarianism, suggest how utilitarian actions are measured and name two (2) criteria
calculated in making choices.

Topic 8
12. Name three (3) prohibitions that Muslims are subjected to under Islamic ethics.
The ideal ruler embodies virtue, which is expressed in his unfailingly benevolent treatment of
the people. In turn, the people voluntarily, even eagerly, choose to follow him.

13. The above describes one of the great relationships emphasised by Confucius. Name the
relationship above and list two other great Confucius relationships.

14. What are the two (2) main teachings that Jesus asked Christians to follow?

‘’Mastering others is strength; mastering yourself is true power’’

15. The above teaching is attributed to Lao-tzu. Name the religion/philosophy behind this teaching
and elaborate briefly a characteristic of this religion.

Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of India's freedom struggle. Gandhi introduced to the world a
multitude of tactics, such as peaceful non-cooperation with the authorities and massive
boycotts of goods and services. When he went on a fast in 1947 in Calcutta to stop deadly
riots in the city between Hindus and Muslims, the killings actually stopped.
16. From Gandhi’s actions shown in the description above, name the Hindu ethics that guides his
actions and elaborate briefly on what it is.

Mother Teresa tended to the needs of the poor and sick in India - washing, feeding, bathing,
and loving the least valued people in Calcutta's society.
17. What are the two (2) teachings of Jesus that influence Mother Teresa’s good deeds?

18. Name the belief practised by Orang Asli that each object existing in nature has a spirit.

19. Explain briefly the two (2) characteristics of Orang Asli’s beliefs.

Topic 9
20. Name three (3) cultural and economical practices that can cause extinction of animals and give
examples for each practice.

21. Discuss why environmental pollutions can be a moral issue based on egoism and altruist.

22. Discuss two (2) effects of palm oil plantation.

23. Plastic pollution has become a major environmental issue. Provide three (3) suggestions to reduce
plastic garbage.

24. Elaborate briefly what sexual harassment is. State four(4) examples of such harassment.

25. Explain using utilitarianism whether it is acceptable to have casual sex.

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MPU 2313 Revision Questions (Topic 7-9) Semester 2, Aug-Nov 2021

26. Briefly elaborate why Kantian ethics condemn pornography.

A computer virus created by 24-year-old Onel De Guzman that he wrote as part of his
computer science studies attacked 45 millions computers worldwide. The virus caused
US $5.5-8.7 billion in damages worldwide and US $15 billion to remove the worm.
27. Use deontological ethics to evaluate the morality of his actions.

Kim Jong-hyun, the lead singer of the top South Korean K-pop band SHINee, who died
late 2017 in a suspected suicide.

28. Discuss the morality of suicide according to Kantian’s Categorical Imperative.

29. Discuss the morality of suicide according to Utilitarianism.

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