Development of a multi-tool virtual site for a

benchmark on nonlinear site-response analysis

Fernando Lopez-Caballero
CentraleSupélec
Sigma 2 - WP4
fernando.lopez-caballero@centralesupelec.fr

21 novembre 2019

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 1/17

Site effects problem

EDF/ Devesa G., Greffet N., . . .

◮ Multiscale problem : Structure (≈ m) Soil (≈ km)

◮ Multiphysics problem : Structure (Reinforced concrete, Steel, . . . )
Soil (Non linearity, saturation, heterogeneities . . . )

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 2/17

Site effects problem
The most common assumption to simulate ground response effects
◮ Perform one-dimensional wave propagation ;
◮ Horizontal and homogeneous layers ;
◮ Vertical incidence of planar SH waves ;
◮ Total stress analysis (i.e. no pore water pressure generation)

0 30 50

w.t.
20
40
−2 layer 1
10

G [MPa]
30

τ [kPa]
−4
0
z [m]

layer 2 20
−6 −10

10
elastic −20
−8
−30 0 −6 −4 −2
−0.01 −0.005 0 0.005 0.01 10 10 10
−10 γ [.] γ [.]

b
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Vs [m/s]

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 3/17

Site effects problem
Some key points from the Prenolin study (Regnier et al. 2018)
◮ the code-to-code variability is around 0.1 (in log10 scale) regardless
of the site and input motions ;

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 4/17

Site effects problem

Some key points from the Prenolin study (Regnier et al. 2018)
◮ the code-to-code variability is around 0.1 (in log10 scale) regardless
of the site and input motions ;
◮ large influence of the numerical methods is observed on site-effect
assessment ;
◮ site specific measurements are of primary importance for defining the
input data in site response analysis ;
◮ the way the input motions are applied at the base of the numerical
model (i.e. borehole condition) is crucial ;

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 4/17

Objectives

◮ Perform a regional model that simulates the seismic phenomenon

from the source to the site so as to better analyse the obtained
incident signals at the bottom of the one-dimensional wave
propagation model ;

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 5/17

Objectives

◮ Perform a regional model that simulates the seismic phenomenon

from the source to the site so as to better analyse the obtained
incident signals at the bottom of the one-dimensional wave
propagation model ;
◮ Propose a virtual vertical array site to perform blind predictions
using a one-dimensional wave propagation model ;

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 5/17

Objectives

◮ Perform a regional model that simulates the seismic phenomenon

from the source to the site so as to better analyse the obtained
incident signals at the bottom of the one-dimensional wave
propagation model ;
◮ Propose a virtual vertical array site to perform blind predictions
using a one-dimensional wave propagation model ;
◮ Build up a multi-tool virtual laboratory and in-situ test to
calibrate the required few well-known parameters for non-linear soil
models ;

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 5/17

Objectives

◮ Perform a regional model that simulates the seismic phenomenon

from the source to the site so as to better analyse the obtained
incident signals at the bottom of the one-dimensional wave
propagation model ;
◮ Propose a virtual vertical array site to perform blind predictions
using a one-dimensional wave propagation model ;
◮ Build up a multi-tool virtual laboratory and in-situ test to
calibrate the required few well-known parameters for non-linear soil
models ;
◮ Identify and to optimise the minimum number of laboratory and
in-situ tests needed to obtain an accurate response using simplified
wave propagation models (e.g. equivalent-linear or Non-linear
models) ;

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 5/17

Outline

Source to Structure Earthquake Simulator

Broad Band 3D ground motion simulation

Numerical benchmark on 2D models

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 6/17

SINAPS@ project
Development of a NL and large-scale probabilistic model from the
source to the structure (SEM3D)

Topography, bathymetry and geology

Seismic sources

120
G.L. -12.0 m
G.L. -9.5 m
G.L. -7.0 m
80
G.L. -4.5 m

40
τ xz [kPa]

-40

-80

-120
-4 -2 0 2
γ xz [1] ×10 -4

NL soil behaviour Meshing tool for large scale realistic media Random field generation

EW NS
60 60
45 45
30 30
15 15
AS - 07/16/07 - 21:08 - Mw 4.4 0 0
-15 -15
-30 -30
[cm/s/s] -45 -45 5G1-G.L. 0 m
KKNPP NS 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5
-60

6.5
-60

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 EW
60
t[s]
45
EW EW 30
60 15
45 0
30 -15
15 -30
0 -45
-15 -60 NS
-30 60
-45 45
Mj4.4 - 16/07/2007-21:08 -60
60
NS 30
15
45 0
30 -15
5G1 15 -30
0 -45
-15 -60
SH -30
SG1-G.L. -2.4 m
-45 EW NS
1G1 -60 60 60
45 45
1G1-G.L. 0 m 30 30
AS - 07/16/07 - 17:42 - Mw 4.2 15 15
0 0
-15 -15
SC -30
-45
-60
-30
-45
-60
SG4-G.L. -250 m

SSI
Spectral Element Method for 3D elastodynamics (SEM+BEM+FEM)

3D simulation of source-to-site earthquake scenario - SINAPS@ (ANR-11-RSNR-0022-04)

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 7/17

HPC physics-based numerical modelling
SEM3D : multiscale platform for predicting seismic response

Simulated @ Fusion (Moulon Mésocentre) Simulated @ Occigen (CINES)

MSSMat/CentraleSupelec/CNRS
4.5·108 dofs - 7 Hz
earthquake simulation at Volvi (Greece)
20h wall-time - 216 MPI cores
Gatti et al. 2018
MSSMat/CentraleSupelec/CNRS
1.3 ·1010 dofs - 10 Hz
earthquake simulation at Argostoli (Greece)
20h wall-time - 4000 MPI cores
Touhami et al. 2019

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 8/17

Outline

Source to Structure Earthquake Simulator

Broad Band 3D ground motion simulation

Numerical benchmark on 2D models

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 9/17

Large scale numerical simulation of Argostoli
Argostoli area including basin model

SEM3D - Smallest grid-size 130 m ×130 m × 35 m,

1.35·1010 DOFs, 10 GLL, f = [0-10] Hz
The simulation was performed on the parallel supercomputer Occigen, French National
Computing Center for Higher Education (CINES)
Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 10/17
Large scale numerical simulation of Argostoli

Argostoli area including basin model

View of 3D basin

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 11/17

Large scale numerical simulation of Argostoli
Argostoli area including basin model

Extended fault - Mw =6.0 - kinematic approach RIK model

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 12/17

Large scale numerical simulation of Argostoli
Argostoli area including basin model

20 20

15 15
t [s]

t [s]
10 10

5 5

0 0

a/amax [1] Parallel Fault a/amax [1] Normal Fault

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 13/17

Large scale numerical simulation of Argostoli
Argostoli area including basin model
1.6

0.8

acc [g]
0

-0.8

X - pt431
-1.6
0 5 10 15 20
t [s]

1.5 1

1
0.5
0.5
acc [g]

0
acc [g] 0

-0.5
-0.5
-1
Z - pt431 Y - pt431
-1.5 -1
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
t [s] t [s]

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 14/17

Outline

Source to Structure Earthquake Simulator

Broad Band 3D ground motion simulation

Numerical benchmark on 2D models

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 15/17

Numerical benchmark on 2D models
NL Finite Element model in Code Aster (M. Korres PhD Thesis
EDF/CS)

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 16/17

Thank you for your attention

Sigma 2 - 3rd Annual Symposium 17/17