Quezon Institution of Technology

Poblacion,Quezon, Bukidnon

GEC21

Name: Jardio Renalyn S. BEED 304

Mrs. Cherrie Mea Sajulda

I. Introduction

Our environment are surrounded by nature. Were nature is not a place to visit, it is a home. But what if,
one day our nature turns into structure causes by human beings? No more beautiful green mountains
and blue water rivers and oceans, but a polluted place with a very tall buildings and smoky vehicles that
will harm our ozone layer. Now the question is does human has a good or bad impact to our
environment? Some will say yes, while others will say no but let's find out.

II. Body/ Content

11 Ways Humans Impact the Environment

Plastic pollution, deforestation, and air pollution are only some of the ways humans are damaging the
environment.

We as humans have become dependent on luxuries such as cars, houses, and even our cell phones. But
what does our love for manufactured metallic and plastic goods do to the environment? Things like
overconsumption, overfishing, deforestation are dramatically impacting our world.

Human activity can be directly attributed to the cause of hundreds of extinctions in the last two
centuries, versus the millions of years that extinctions naturally occur. As we progress through the 21st
century, humans have changed the world in unprecedented ways.

Human impact on the environment has become one of the main topics for university staff all over the
world. While they search for the answer, the public needs to do its part. At least, you need to be aware
of all the factors that contribute to this state and share the knowledge.

1. Overpopulation

Survival used to mean repopulating. That, however, is quickly becoming true for the opposite as we
reach the maximum carrying capacity that our planet can sustain.
Overpopulation has grown into an epidemic since mortality rates have decreased, medicine has
improved, and methods of industrial farming were introduced, thus keeping humans alive for much
longer and increasing the total population.

SEE ALSO: WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY LOSS AND WHY IS IT A PROBLEM?

The effects of overpopulation are quite severe, with one of the most severe being the degradation of the
environment.

Humans require space and lots of it whether it is for farmland or industries which also takes up tons of
space. An increased population results in more clear-cutting, resulting in severely damaged ecosystems.
Without enough trees to filter the air, CO₂ levels increase which carries the potential to damage every
single organism on Earth.

Another issue is our dependency on coal and fossil fuels for energy, the larger the population, the more
fossil fuels will be used. The use of fossil fuels (such as oil and coal) results in copious amounts of carbon
dioxide into the air- threatening the extinction of thousands of species which adds to the effect that
forest depletion already has.

Humanity continuously requires more space, which devastates ecosystems and increases CO₂ levels,
further devastating the delicate environment. Although processed materials are necessary to power the
cities, the previous assessment tells us that the planet can only sustain so much damage until it will
begin to damage us.

2. Pollution

Pollution is everywhere. From the trash thrown out on the freeway, to the millions of metric tons of
pollution pumped into the atmosphere every year- it's obvious, pollution and waste are inescapable.

Pollution is so bad that to date, 2.4 billion people do not have access to clean water sources. Humanity is
continuously polluting indispensable resources like air, water, and soil which requires millions of years to
replenish.

Air is arguably the most polluted with the US producing 147 million metric tons of air pollution each year
alone.

In 1950, smog was so bad in LA that the ground-level ozone (atmospheric gas that is great in the
atmosphere, not so much on the ground) surpassed 500 parts per billion volume (ppbv)- well above the
National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 75 ppbv (6.6 times more to be precise).

People thought they were under foreign attack as the smog burned their eyes and left an odor of bleach
in the air. That is when the devastating effect of aerosols was discovered.
While air quality in the US has slightly improved, the quality in developing countries continues to
plummet as smog continuously blocks out the sun in a dense shroud of pollution. This is just one of the
issues we have to tackle in the near future.

3. Global Warming

Global warming is arguably the greatest cause of impact on the environment. The largest of causes
emanating through CO₂ levels from respiration to more detrimental causes like burning fossil fuels and
deforestation.

At any rate, humans are consistently increasing CO₂ levels globally- every year. The highest level of CO₂
in recorded history before 1950 was about 300 parts per million. However, current measurements of
CO₂ levels have exceeded above 400 PPM, abolishing every record dating back 400,000 years.

The increase of CO₂ emissions has contributed to the planet's average temperature increasing almost a
whole degree.

As the temperature increases, arctic land ice and glaciers melt which causes the ocean levels to rise at a
rate of 3.42mm per year, allowing more water to absorb more heat, which melts more ice, creating a
positive feedback loop which will cause the oceans to rise 1-4 feet by 2100.

So what's the big deal?

4. Climate Change

Climate change is closely connected to the historical development of industry and technology. As global
temperatures increase, Earth's weather patterns will drastically change. While some areas will
experience longer growing seasons, others will become barren wastelands as water will deplete in vast
areas, turning once floral regions into deserts.

The increase will impact weather patterns, promising more intense hurricanes in both size and
frequency, as well as intensifying and prolonging droughts and heatwaves. But air pollution does not just
affect the environment.

The evidence is mounting that poor air quality and rising temperatures are ruining delicate ecosystems,
even leading to increased asthma and cancer rates in humans.

5. Genetic Modification

Source: simarik/iStock

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been a major contributor to the survival and prosperity of
humans. GMO's are selected bred crops or crops that have had DNA directly implanted into it in order to
give an advantage to the crop, whether that be to sustain colder temperatures, require less water, or
yield more product.
But GMO's are not always intentional. For years humans have used glyphosate, a herbicide designed to
eliminate weeds - the biggest threat to any plant. However, just as humans have a learning immune
system, certain weeds have developed a resistance to 22 of 25 known herbicides, with 249 species of
weeds completely immune according to the latest scientific report.

"Super weeds" threaten farming lands by chocking outcrops. One of the only solutions is to till the land,
turning over the soil to kill the weeds and give an early advantage to the planted crops.

The disadvantage of tilling, however, is that it causes the soil to dry faster and kills off good bacteria,
making its fertile lifespan significantly shorter. To replenish the depleted soil, fertilizer is used, which
introduces a whole new set of problems to the environment and can be disastrous for local agriculture
in the long run.

6. Ocean Acidification

is caused when CO₂ dissolves into the ocean bonding with seawater creating carbonic acid. The acid
reduces the pH levels in the water, essentially changing the Ocean acidity by 30% in the last 200 years
according to analysis - a level that the ocean has not been at in over 20 million years.

The acidity depletes the calcium concentrations, making it difficult for crustaceans to build their shell,
leaving them vulnerable without their armor. Between the global temperature rise of one degree and
the ocean acidification, scientists say a quarter of all coral reefs are considered damaged beyond repair,
with two-thirds under serious threat. The death of coral reefs is a serious concern.

Coral reefs are home to 25% of aquatic life, many of which are responsible for the natural filtration of
the ocean and production of necessary nutrients that are vital for life under the sea. However,
acidification is not the only watery threat as there are other human activities causing severe changes.
Things like plastic pollution and overfishing are wreaking havoc on our oceans.

7. Water Pollution

There are 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic debris in the ocean. Not only is garbage introduced into the
oceans, but also the excessive amounts of fertilizer that finds its way into the ocean through rains,
floods, winds, or dumped in excess right into the largest producer of the oxygen we have.

Fertilizer contains nitrogen, an element essential for the growth of plants- but that does not limit it to
what it was intended for.

Phytoplankton and algae thrive off of nitrogen, causing excessive growth in what is known as "red tides"
or "brown tides" in areas with high concentrations of nitrogen. The brown tide is caused by the rapid
growth of billions of algae, which deplete water bodies of oxygen and cause the poison to accumulate in
all life that consumes it, including fish and birds. But water pollution does not end there.
Year after year, millions of tons of garbage are dumped into the ocean. Since the garbage mainly
consists of plastics, it is largely indissoluble. The garbage accumulates in large vortexes across the ocean.

Marine life, including the loggerhead sea turtles, are tricked into thinking they are eating food when
really it is only a floating plastic bag or other poisonous plastic that will cause starvation or suffocation to
any unfortunate animal that mistakenly ingests it.

8. Overfishing

Pollution is the number one threat to all aquatic life and is the lead cause of reduced biodiversity. This is
really sad given that water and water life-forms are some of the most important natural resources at our
disposal. But as mentioned above, overfishing is also damaging our oceans.

Fishing is not inherently bad for our ocean. But when not properly regulated, it can be detrimental to
our oceans and people. Overfished stocks globally have tripled in half a century and today fully one-third
of the world's assessed fisheries are currently pushed beyond their biological limits, says the WWF. Even
more so billions of people rely on fish for protein.

9. Deforestation

With an exponential expansion in human beings, more food, materials, and shelter are being
manufactured at stupendous rates, mostly stemming from forestry.

Forests are cleared to make way for new humans, which in turn, makes more humans, you can see the
problem. According to international data, an estimated 18 million acres of trees are clear-cut each year
to make way for new development and wood products- that is just under half of all the trees on the
planet since the industrial revolution began.

With trees being one of the largest producers of oxygen, clearly that is not a good thing for humans- and
especially not for the animals that call the forest home.

With millions of different species that live in forests, deforestation is a major threat to their survival and
a big conservation issue. It also increases greenhouse gases within the atmosphere which leads to
further global warming. Such human activities need to stop if we wish to survive. Even more so, recent
studies have attributed deforestation to the increase of wildfires in areas like Amazon. Wildfires are
equally destructed even more so, displacing both people and entire species.

10. Acid Rain

When humans burn coal, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the atmosphere where
they rise up and accumulate in the clouds until the clouds become saturated and rain acid, causing
havoc on the ground beneath.

When the rain falls, it accumulates in water bodies which are especially harmful to lakes and small
bodies of water. The ground surrounding the water soaks up the acid, depleting the soil of essential
nutrients. Trees that absorb the acid accumulate toxins that damage leaves and slowly kills large areas
of forest.

Acid rain has also been known to completely eliminate entire species of fish, causing a snowball effect of
damage to the ecosystem that relies on diverse organisms to sustain the environment.

11. Ozone Depletion

The ozone layer is renowned for its ability to absorb harmful UV rays that would otherwise be
detrimental to the health of all walks of life. Without an ozone layer, walking outside would be
unbearable.

Ozone is made up of three bonded oxygens that float up to the stratosphere where they absorb a
substantial amount of UV radiation, protecting all life down below. However "ozone-depleting
substances" (or ODS) primarily made up of chlorine and bromine find their way up to the stratosphere
where they strip the O3 of oxygen, destroying its capabilities of absorbing UV light.

The human impact is devastating for plants that are extremely sensitive to UV light including wheat and
barley, two indispensable crops to humans.

Although most chemicals that deplete the ozone layer have been banned, the chemicals that have
already been released can take upwards of 80 years to reach the upper atmosphere, so it will be some
time before our protective boundary will be fully functional again. Until then, slap on that sunscreen and
be safe out there.

To the Future

It is imperative that we support the earth that we live on, but no matter what, the earth will live on.
Human impacts the natural habitat in so many ways and we need to be aware of our personal
environmental input.

Whether we live with it or not solely depends on the decisions and actions we make next. Mother
nature is an unrelenting, unforgiving force, so it is probably best if we treat her well, and maybe, just
maybe we can make up for the damage that has already been dealt with.

The best time to act, was yesterday, the best we can do is today, but if we wait for tomorrow, it may just
be too late. Society needs to help itself in order to survive.

A CHANGING EARTH

BY GARDEN BLOG | APR 21, 2020 | CONSERVATION |

The potential effects on plants and other organisms due to the decrease in human activity is a bit
speculative right now. However, based on current knowledge, these are some possible effects that may
be occurring. These represent likely positive human impacts on the environment while we are
sequestered inside. Explore the likely benefits with Desert Botanical Garden!

Nitrogen dioxide levels are decreasing due to significantly less vehicle traffic. Overtime, nitrogen dioxide
is deposited in soils and “enriches’ them (nitrogen is a nutrient). The addition of soil nitrogen benefits
some plants more than others, potentially altering competitive outcomes. For example, in some
environments, nitrogen addition greatly benefits grasses, including nonnative species but not others.

Ground level ozone levels are also decreasing. Phoenix had been the second highest U.S. city for ozone
pollution behind Los Angeles. Now Phoenix’s ozone levels are near zero. This is important as the cellular
functions of plants can be significantly and detrimentally affected by ground level ozone. We may see
effects of less ozone with the health of our plants.

Vehicles are major dispersers of invasive species. With decreased traffic there may be a decrease in the
spread of invasive species, but it will take time to see this effect.

The decrease in international travel may contribute to a decrease in plant poaching (e.g. cactus and
other succulents)

Roadsides are often areas that provide habitat for monarchs, other butterflies and additional pollinators.
One study looked at the effect of traffic noise on monarch caterpillars by measuring their heart rates,
and it found that the noise did have a stress effect on the caterpillars. Reduced traffic could be benefit
monarchs and other roadside-dwelling pollinators.

People are also getting outside more (as opposed, for example, to going to movies). There is at least a
temporary increased appreciation for nature developing in the community.

***A cautionary note – More people around the world are turning to medicinal plants during the
pandemic. A Garden staff member noted at a local famers market, there was an individual selling
stinknet (Oncosiphon piluliferum) but calling it wild chamomile (several species of Matricaria). Be
cautious when buying herbal remedies to ensure they are actually what they are listed As. Additionally,
only buy plants that are ethically harvested and/or grown in a sustainable manner.

Lastly–and this is a significant takeaway–these temporary effects in the environment show that
individual and collective actions can make a BIG impact on the environment for the good. Humans can
have a positive impact on the environment by letting our surroundings rest – from us! This should
encourage long-term actions and policies, because those will make an even bigger and more significant
impact.
III. Reflection /Conclusion

I conclude that humans have a big impact in our environment it can be negative or positive but
even we experience both we must still responsible of taking care our sorrounding, because once we lost
it , its hard for us to restore the damage that we've done especially in nature. That's why we should keep
the sustainability of our environment for the next generation .