POLITEKNIK MUKAH SARAWAK

PEANUT CRACKER

NAME REGISTRATION NO.

MOHD ARIF BIN MOHD FAIZAL 20DKM16F2002

JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

DECEMBER 2018
 POLITEKNIK MUKAH SARAWAK

PEANUT CRACKER

NAME REGISTRATION NO.

MOHD ARIF BIN MOHD FAIZAL 20DKM16F2002

This project is submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering as

part of the award for the Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

DECEMBER 2018
 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY AND OWNERSHIP

TITLE: PEANUT CRACKER

SESSION: DECEMBER 2018

1. MOHAMAD ARIF BIN MOHAMAD FAIZAL (20DKM16F2002)

1. I,

I am the final year student of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering for Mechanical

Engineering Department at Mukah Polytechnic with address at K.M 7.5 Jalan
Oya, 96400 Mukah, Sarawak.

2. We fully certified the above mentioned project and its intellectual property in
which it consist is by our own attainment or innovation without taking any
emulating from any other parties‟ intellectual properties.

3. We agree to disclaim the ownerships of the above mention project intellectual

property to the above mention polytechnic for the purpose of fulfilling the needs
for Diploma in Mechanical Engineering honourships to us.

Made and certified by:

a) MOHAMAD ARIF BIN MOHAMAD ………………………………...…
FAIZAL (MOHAMAD ARIF BIN
MOHAMAD FAIZAL)
Witness by, NURUL ZAIDI BIN …………………………...…
KASBOLAH (NURUL ZAIDI BIN
KASBOLAH)

iii
 ACKNOWNLEDGEMENT

Our greatest gratitude to our respected supervisor Mr.Nurul Zaidi Bin

Kasbolah for his encouragement, guidance, invaluable support and motivation through
the whole completion of this project.This project would not be succeeded without his
continous support.We would also like drop our sincere appreciation to the role of the
staff of Mechanical Workshop for gave the permission to use all required machinery
and the necessary material to complete this project. Lastly, we would also like to
express our aprreciation to the head of the project for given the full effort in
guiding,encouragement to maintain our progress in track and given by other
supervisors as well as the panels especially in our project presentation that has
improved our presentation skills.

iv
 ABSTRACT

This project, titled "peanut cracker" is designed to make dried ground

separated from the shells be faster and easier. We found that the problems faced by
small-scale industry entrepreneur in our country are the same. One of the places we
identified this problem was in the old market, in Mukah, Sarawak. They are still in
the process of using a creaking machine that is operated manually. The process of
cracking large quantities of dried ground peanuts takes a long time if it is done
manually. More than five workers are required to carry out this process. This machine
is designed to help their worker increase peanut production without faster and easier.
This machine will use motor AC engines and powered by electricity such as
alternating current.The power of this AC motor is 370 Watt.
Our peanut cracker machine size is 100mx25cmx25cm.The load maximum of
the funnel can fit only 360 grams of dried peanut.Component that we use for make
this machine is such as bearing,bolt and nut,pivet,belting,aluminium sheet,angle steel
bar,wheel,AC motor,socket plug,gear,iron roller,wire and y-rod iron.
For the result data,we finally achieved the result and data of the time taken
when use the peanut cracker.The first result that we make is when we use our peanut
cracker machine.The time taken for dried peanut to make the peanut separated from
the shell for maximum mass of dried peanut only takes 5 minute.It is different from
the result that we take from using traditional or manual peanut cracker that take time
10 minute to be separated by the peanut shell.

v
 ABSTRAK

Projek ini yang bertajuk "peanut cracker" direka bentuk untuk membuat kulit
kacang pecah lebih cepat dan mudah. Kami mendapati bahawa masalah yang
dihadapi oleh pengusaha industri kecil di negara ini adalah sama.Salah satu tempat
yang kami mengenalpasti masalah in iada di pasar lama,iaitu di
Mukah,Sarawak.Mereka masih menjalankan proses menggunakan mesin pemecah
kacang iaitu dengan cara manual. Proses memecahkan kacang tanah dalam jumlah
besar mengambil masa yang lama jika dilakukan secara manual. Lebih daripada lima
pekerja diperlukan untuk menjalankan proses ini. Mesin ini direka bentuk untuk
membantu peniaga-peniaga mereka meningkatkan pengeluaran kacang tanah tanpa
lebih cepat dan mudah. Mesin ini akan menggunakan mesin AC motor dan
dikuasakan oleh bekalan elektrik seperti arus alternatif.Kuasa AC motor ini adalah
370 Watt.
Saiz mesin pemecah kacang kami adalah 100mx25cmx25cm.Maksimum saiz
corong ini boleh muat hanya 360 gram kacang tanah kering.Antara komponen -
kompenan yang kami gunakan untuk membuat mesin ini adalah seperti bolt dan nat,
pivet, belting, kepingan aluminium, bar keluli sudut, tayar,sebuah moto AC, palam
soket, gear, roller besi, dawai dan besi y-rod.
Untuk bahagian hasil dan data, akhirnya kami berjaya mendapatkan hasil dan
data masa yang diambil ketika menggunakan mesin peanut cracker ini. Hasil pertama
yang kami buat adalah ketika kami menggunakan mesin peanut cracker yang telah
dihasilkan. Waktu yang diambil untuk kacang tanah kering untuk membuat kacang itu
dipisahkan daripada kulitnya untuk jisim maksimum kacang tanah kering hanya
mengambil masa 5 minit.Ia berbeza daripada hasil yang kita ambil daripada
menggunakan mesin peanut cracker tradisional atau manual yang mengambil masa 10
minit untuk dipisahkan daripada kulit kacang tanah.

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY AND OWNERSHIP iii

ACKNOWNLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
ABSTRAK vi
TABLE OF CONTENT vii-viii
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x-xi
LIST OF SYMBOLS xii
CHAPTER 1 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENTS 1

1.3 OBJECTIVE 2

1.4 SCOPE 2

1.5 CONCLUSION 2

CHAPTER 2 3
LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1 INTRODUCTION 3

2.2 CONCEPT AND THEORY 3

2.3 CASE STUDY 4-6

2.5 BASIC AND COMPONENT OF MACHINE 6-9

CHAPTER 3 10
METHODOLOGY 10
3.1 INTRODUCTION 10

3.2 DESIGN FLOW PROCESS11

3.3 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS 12

3.4 CONCEPT GENERATION 13-15

vii
3.5 JOINING SYSTEM 16-19

3.6 CONCEPT EVALUATION 19

3.7 COST OF PROJECT 20

3.8 DESIGN USING INVENTOR 21

3.9 MATERIAL SELECTION 22-29

3.10 FABRICATING PROCESS 30-33

3.11 CONCLUSION 33

CHAPTER 4 34
4.0 INTRODUCTION 34

4.1 RESULTS AND DATA 35-36

4.2 DISCUSSIONS 37-38

CHAPTER 5 39
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 39
5.0 INTRODUCTION 39

5.1 RECOMMENDATION 39-40

5.2 CONCLUSION 41

REFERENCES 42

APPENDIX 43-44

viii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.4: Concept Generation 14-15

Table 3.5: Joining System 16-18

Table 3.6: Concept of Evalution 19

Table 3.7: Cost of Project 20

Table 4.2.1: The Time taken to Crack and Amount of ground nuts 37

ix
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.3.2.1: Manually operated groundnut Sheller machine 5

Figure 2.3.2.2: Power operated groundnut Sheller Machine 5
Figure 2.4.1: Proposed model of Groundnut shelling and separating machine 6
Figure 2.5.1: Frame 7
Figure 2.5.2: Electric motor 7
Figure 2.5.3: Roller 8
Figure 2.5.4: V-Belt 8
Figure 2.5.5: Pulley 9
Figure 3.2 : Design Flow Process 11
Figure 3.3.1: Functional Analysis 12
Figure 3.3.2 : Design Process 12
Figure 3.8.1: Peanut Cracker Isometric 21
Figure 3.8.2: Peanut Cracker Iso Drawing 21
Figure 3.9.1: Angle Steel Bar 22
Figure 3.9.2: Aluminium sheet 23
Figure 3.9.3: AC Motor 25
Figure 3.9.4: The speed reducer of an AC motor 26
Figure 3.9.5: Metal roller 26
Figure 3.9.6: Pillow Block Bearing 27
Figure 3.9.7: Steel Bar Rod 28
Figure 3.9.8: Type G Socket Plug 29
Figure 3.10.1: Grinding 30
Figure 3.10.2: Cutting 30
Figure 3.10.3: Shielded Metal Arc Welding 31
Figure 3.10.4: Assembling and Riveting 31
Figure 3.10.5: Installation of electrical components 32
Figure 3.10.6: Finishing 32
Figure 4.1.1: Graph of time taken to crack and Amount of ground nuts. 35
Figure 4.1.2: Time taken for ground peanut to crack without using peanut. 36
Figure 4.2.2: The Design of Peanut Cracker 37
Figure 5.1.1: Third View of Peanut Cracker 43

x
Figure 5.1.2: Technical Drawing And Isometric Drawing 44

xi
 LIST OF SYMBOLS

KG
V
A
KW
HP
ft
Kg/h

xii
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Ground Peanut is a popular snack in Malaysia and widely available throughout

the country and also used for cooking or serving Malaysian traditional food such as
Nasi Lemak, Rojak, and some other Malaysian traditional desserts such as Apam
Balik. All of those food sellers bought their peanuts from raw peanut’s supplier. Some
peanut’s suppier especially located in village uses manual way to peel the peanuts. In
order to help suppliers we designed a machine called “Peanut Cracker”.
This machine will help ease the process of peeling peanut’s shell. This
machine will also increase the daily production of shell-less peanuts. This machine is
so simple to handle and only need an AC motor, and electric supply to make the
machine works automatically. And this machine can be fix by anyone and also
contribute to low maintenance cost.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENTS

In the beginning the peanuts were separated from its shells by the
workers.They simply decoct the groundnut by their hands and separate the peanuts
from its shell.The traditional method does not fullfil the market demand because it
was very time consuming process.It was also a boring work for the worker.Traditional
method of separating nuts from groundnuts by putting the peanuts in a cloth bag and
rolling over it with rolling.This technique did a good job of cracking the shells,but we
still had to pick the peanuts out since they didn’t come all the way loose.This is not
reliable method for shell a ground nut due to this crack the ground nut and nuts mixed
with shell.

1
1.3 OBJECTIVE

i. To design and fabricate an automatic peanut cracker that can ease the process of
peeling peanuts.
ii. To determine the effectiveness of the machine in separating between peanut shell
and peanut compare to the manual peanut cracker.

1.4 SCOPE

i. This machine is suitable for dried peanut.

ii. Loader capacity : Maximum mass of peanut is 360 gram.

1.5 CONCLUSION

There is a lack of automatic operated, efficient and cheap sheller machine in

market, which can be afforded by poor and marginalized farmers in developing
countries. Performance of sheller mahine depends on moisture content in ground nut
material feed rate and speed of blade. Sheller is design based on physical and
mechanical properties of corn.

2
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Peanuts need to be shelled when processing or sold as export goods.In peanut

oil extraction process,the purpose of peanut shelling is to improve the yield
efficiency,the quality of crude peanut oil and conductive to the subsequent process
like flaking and comprehensive utilization of shells.
Peanut shelling is the machinery to remove the shell of peanuts to get peanut
kernels.Due to the characteristic of the peanut itself,the peanut shelling machine can
not used for joint opreations with peanut field harvesting.It can only be used after the
moisture content of peanuts reducing to a certain degree.

2.2 CONCEPT AND THEORY

2.2.1 PERPETUAL MOTION

Perpetual motion is the first kind of force that produces work without the input
of energy. A perpetual machine is a hypothetical machine that can do work
indefinitely without an energy source. According to the concept, once activated, a
perpetual machine of the first kind would keep on running without any additional
sources of energy.

3
2.3 CASE STUDY

2.3.1 GROUNDNUT SHELLING MACHINE

Shelling is the removal of grains from their pod either by stripping, impact
action and rubbing or any combination of these methods .The most popular method of
groundnut shelling, which is still widely used is the method of crushing or pressing
the pods in between the thumb and the first finger to break off the pods and release the
seed. This method has low efficiency, it is time consuming, and has high demand of
energy . Groundnut shelling machine is a machine used to remove the shell of
groundnut so as to obtain the groundnut seeds . There are different machines have
been fabricated and used to shell wide variety of groundnut pods These machines are
too costly and complex in operation and maintenance. The lowest price of the hand
operated groundnut Sheller machine is Rs-11,500.
Some of these machines have very high shelling capacity. Shelling capacity
varies from machine to machine ranging from 5kg-seeds/h to 60kgseeds/h . Some
hand operated Sheller machines are suitable for domestic application but they only do
shelling operation, separation of seeds we have to do manually by using operation of
the machine, the operator stands by the sides then holding the operating lever and
swinging it by pushing to and fro to provide shelling action on the shoes assembly.
The semi-rotary,action of the shoes shells the pods against the screen but this type of
machine cannot do separation of shell and seed.

4
2.3.2 CLASSIFICATION OF GROUNDNUT SHELLER MACHINE

Groundnut Sheller machines are classified based on the following factors

a. Based on the power source

Based on power source, groundnut Sheller machines are classified in to two
types.
1. Manually operated (Figure 2.3.2.1)
2. Mechanized shelling method (Figure 2.3.2.2)

a. Semi rotary type b. Rotary type Sheller

Figure 2.3.2.1: Manually operated groundnut Sheller machine

Figure 2.3.2.2: Power operated groundnut Sheller Machine

5
 b. Based on shelling mechanism
Based on Shelling Mechanism, groundnut Sheller machines are classified in to
two types.
 Reciprocating
 Rotary

2.4 SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION

Figure 2.4.1: Proposed model of Groundnut shelling and separating machine

2.5 BASIC AND COMPONENT OF MACHINE

 Frame
 Electric motor
 Roller
 V-Belt
 Pulley

6
2.5.1 FRAME:

The frame is used to support all the components. Material of frame is cast iron
and height up to 1m.

Figure 2.5.1: Frame

2.5.2 ELECTRIC MOTOR:

This motor is used to rotate the roller by using belt and pulley.
Output = 230 volt Current =3.5 amps Power
=0.37kw/0.5 HP

Figure 2.5.2: Electric motor

7
2.5.3 ROLLER:

Roller is made up of hollow cylinder of 1ft dia. and 1ft length with the rods welded on
its periphery. The material of roller is cast iron.

Figure 2.5.3: Roller

2.5.4 V-BELT:

V-Belt is used to transmit rotary motion of shaft of motor to the shaft of roller.
Material of the belt is rubber or polymer for strength and reinforcement.

Figure 2.5.4: V-Belt

8
2.5.5 PULLEY:

Pulley is used to transmit the torque of motor to the roller. One pulley is directly
mounted over the motor shaft and another pulley mounted on the shaft of roller. And
both the pulleys are connected with the help of V-belt. Pulley Dia. =75mm.

Figure: 2.5.5 Pulley

9
 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Methodology is a system of methods used in a particular area of study or

activity. It is used for investigating the concept of focal points. This report presents a
design of a measurement and display. The design had three main objective.Firstly, the
design should be simpleand not to hard for the worker.Secondly,the space required by
the machine should be less. It should be kept within the land.Lasly,the machine
should not have high weight. It should be easily move anywhere.In performing the
testing and design my partner and I divided the work in the following way.The two
each do invidiual job.The first one do the coding and the second one to the fabricating
one,while I do the design of the project.

10
3.2 DESIGN FLOW PROCESS

Start

Surveying Previous
machine of Ground nut

No
Conduct the
Feasibility
Study

Yes

Design a machine for

Dried peanut machine

End

Figure 3.2:Design Flow Process

11
3.3 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

Figure 3.3.1: Functional Analysis

DESIGN PROCESS

Figure 3.3.2:Design Process

12
3.4 CONCEPT GENERATION

Concept generatioin is the process of generating new ideas.It is supposed to be

synthetic rather than analytical.The purpose is not to judge the feasibility of solutions
but instead to keep coming up with ideas regardless of practicality.The apporach is
often different to what students are taught in their math and science classes,as there is
no right answer in brainstorming and they are not to think critically about their
solution.After gathering some of the main parts and component,concepts were
generated hoping that it will clearly solve our main problem statement.The choices
part chosen are show in table 3.4.

13
 Table 3.4: Concept Generation
OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3

TYPES OF
GEAR
NO GEAR

BELTING
CHAIN

TYPES OF
MOTOR NO MOTOR

DC MOTOR
AC MOTOR

ROLLER

METAL WOOD RUBBER

BODY

ALUMINIUM WOOD PERSPEX PLASTIC

FRAME

ALUMINIUM COPPER
MILD STEEL

BOLT

14
 HEX BOLT CARRIAGE LAG BOLT
BOLT

BEARING
PILLOW BLOCK
BEARING PILLOW BLOCK ALLOY PILLOW
FLANGE BLOCK FLANGE

ROD
NO ROD
STEEL BAR MILD STEEL BAR

SOCKET AND
PLUG
TYPE G TYPE J TYPE M

3.5 JOINING SYSTEM

Table 3.5 :Joining System

TYPE OF GEAR

OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3

15
CRITERIA IMPORTANT V-BELT ROUND CHAIN
BELT
SAFETY 2 3 6 2 4 1 2
MAINTENANCE 1 2 2 3 3 1 2
DURABILITY 2 3 6 2 4 1 2
EFFICIENCY 2 3
BODY 6 2 4 1 2
COST 1 2 2 3 3 1 1
OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3
TOTAL OVERALL
CRITERIA IMPORTANT 22 18 8
ALUMINIUM WOOD PERSPEX
TYPES OF MOTOR
ROLLER
PLASTIC
OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3
SAFETY 2 2 4 2 4 3 6
CRITERIA IMPORTANT
MAINTENANCE 1 AC
3 MOTOR
METAL 3 DC1 MOTOR
WOOD 3 LINEAR
RUBBER
2 2
SAFETY
DURABILITY 22 33 66 21 42 3MOTOR
1 62
SAFETY
MAINTENANCE
EFFICIENCY 212 233 436 21 1 43 2 211 412
MAINTENANCE
DURABILITY
COST 211 322 622 12 3 22 13 213
DURABILITY
EFFICIENCY 2
TOTAL OVERALL 32
6421 1 2 13 2151
EFFICIENCY
COST 12 23 OPTION
26 1 31 2 2 21OPTION
2
OPTION 3
COST TOTAL OVERALL
CRITERIA 1
IMPORTANT 2 223 2 213 2 213
MILD ALUMINIUM COPPER
TOTAL OVERALL 18 12 11
STEEL
SAFETY 2 3 6 3 6 3 6
MAINTENANCE 1 3 3 2 2 2 2
DURABILITY 2 3 6 2 4 1 2
EFFICIENCY 2 3 6 2 4 1 2
COST 1 2 2 1 1 3 3
TOTAL OVERALL 23 13 15
BOLT AND NUT
OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3
CRITERIA IMPORTANT
HEX CARRIAGE LAG
BOLT BOLT BOLT
SAFETY 2 3 6 3 6 3 6
MAINTENANCE 1 3 3 2 2 2 2
DURABILITY 2 3 6 2 4 1 2
EFFICIENCY 2 3 6 2 4 1 2
COST 1 2 2 161 1 3 3
TOTAL OVERALL 23 13 15
FRAME
 BEARING
OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3
CRITERIA IMPORTANT
PILLOW PILLOW ALLOY
BLOCK BLOCK PILLOW
BEARING FLANGE FLANGE
SAFETY 2 3 6 2 4 3 6
MAINTENANCE 1 3 3 1 3 1 1
DURABILITY 2 3 6 1 2 1 2
EFFICIENCY 2 3 6 1 2 1 2
COST 1 2 2 3 2 2 2
TOTAL OVERALL 23 13 13
ROD
OPTION 1 OPTION 2
CRITERIA IMPORTANT
STEEL MILD STEEL
BAR BAR
SAFETY 2 2 4 3 6
MAINTENANCE 1 1 3 3 3
DURABILITY 2 1 2 3 6
EFFICIENCY 2 1 2 3 6
COST 1 3 2 2 2
TOTAL OVERALL 13 23
SOCKET AND PLUG
OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3
CRITERIA IMPORTANT
TYPE G TYPE J TYPE M

SAFETY 2 3 6 2 4 3 6
MAINTENANCE 1 3 3 1 3 1 1
DURABILITY 2 3 6 1 2 1 2
EFFICIENCY 2 3 6 1 2 1 2
COST 1 2 2 3 2 2 2
TOTAL OVERALL 23 13 13

17
1 LESS GOOD
2 NORMAL
3 GOOD

3.6 CONCEPT EVALUATION

Table 3.6: Concept Evaluation

Evaluation Methods

Evaluation Of Importance Option Option Option

Evidences 1 2 3
D
Cost of project 7 + - -

Easy to use 8 + S S
A
Power saving 9 - - +

Long life 9 + + - T

Environment 9 + + +

friendly U
Number (+) 4 2 2

M
Number (-) 1 2 2

The same number (S) 0 1 1

Overall Total 3 0 0

The total amount 5 -2 0

+ Better than datum

- Less than datum
S As good as datum

18
3.7 COST OF PROJECT

Table 3.7 : Cost of Project

Materials Quantity Price per unit(RM) Total price (RM)
(unit)
AC motor 1 150.00 150.00

Angle Bar 12 meters 67.00 134.00

Super strong glue 2 6.50 13.00

Aluminium sheet 6 meters 40.00 40.00

Pivet 3 sets 4.50 13.50

Bolt Nut 6 3.00 18.00

Metal roller 1 20.00 20.00

Speed Reducer 1 110.00 110.00

Flat Bar 6 meters 47.00 47.00

Y rod metal 6meters 67.00 67.00

Spray 4 bottles 11.70 46.80

Total RM 659.30

19
3.8 DESIGN USING INVENTOR

Figure 3.8.1: Peanut Cracker Isometric

Figure 3.8.2: Peanut Cracker Iso Drawing

20
3.9 MATERIAL SELECTION

3.9.1 Angle steel bar

Angle bar, also known as “L-bar”, “L-bracket” or “angle iron, is a metal in the
form of a right angle. Steel angle bar is the most widely used structural steel by the
construction industry because of its very economical cost. Structural steel angles are
manufactured by rolling pre-heated blooms to form an angle shape. We make sure our
angle bars are produced under strict quality controls conforming to ASTM A36
specification. We offer equal and unequal angle steels according to the depth of legs
and depending on the customer’s requirement. Steel angle bars are necessary for
building power tower, trusses for roofing, communication tower, engineering projects,
billboards and other steel structure buildings. Steel angle bars could also be found in
our everyday life like industrial shelves, classical coffee table, chairs, waiting sheds
and so on, apart from industrial and engineering applications.An angle bar is a steel
material which is an angle shape with inside radius corners that is ideal for all
structural applications. An angle bar is also used to turn the web when feeding from
the side, or to bypass the former folder. Angle bar are also used on ribbon folders.

Figure 3.9.1: Angle Steel Bar

21
 3.9.2 Aluminium

It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal in the boron group. By

mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the Earth's crust; it is the third most abundant
element after oxygen and silicon and the most abundant metal in the crust, though it is
less common in the mantle below. The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite. Aluminium
metal is so chemically reactive that native specimens are rare and limited to extreme
reducing environments. Instead, it is found combined in over 270 different minerals.
Aluminium is remarkable for its low density and its ability to resist corrosion
through the phenomenon of passivation. Aluminium and its alloys are vital to the
aerospace industry and important in transportation and building industries, such as
building facades and window frames. The oxides and sulphates are the most useful
compounds of aluminium.
Despite its prevalence in the environment, no known form of life uses aluminium
salts metabolically, but aluminium is well tolerated by plants and animals. Because of
these salts' abundance, the potential for a biological role for them is of continuing
interest, and studies continue. Further characteristics:it is low density,simple to
process,smooth surface,lower dimensional tolerances,not magnetisable,can be
decoratively anodised very well(dependent on the alloy),suitable for use in the food
sector.Lastly,it is good macinability(dependent on the strength and alloying elements)

Figure 3.9.2: Aluminium sheet

22
 3.9.3 AC Motor

An AC motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating current (AC). The AC

motor commonly consists of two basic parts, an outside stator having coils supplied with
alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and an inside rotor attached to
the output shaft producing a second rotating magnetic field. The rotor magnetic field
may be produced by permanent magnets, reluctance saliency, or DC or AC electrical
windings.
Less common, AC linear motors operate on similar principles as rotating motors
but have their stationary and moving parts arranged in a straight line configuration,
producing linear motion instead of rotation.The two main types of AC motors are
induction motors and synchronous motors. The induction motor(or asynchronous motor)
always relies on a small difference in speed between the stator rotating magnetic field
and the rotor shaft speed called slip to induce rotor current in the rotor AC winding. As a
result, the induction motor cannot produce torque near synchronous speed where
induction (or slip) is irrelevant or ceases to exist. In contrast, the synchronous motor
does not rely on slip-induction for operation and uses either permanent magnets, salient
poles (having projecting magnetic poles), or an independently excited rotor winding.
The synchronous motor produces its rated torque at exactly synchronous
speed. The brushless wound-rotor doubly fed synchronous motor system   has an
independently excited rotor winding that does not rely on the principles of slip-induction
of current. The brushless wound-rotor doubly fed motor is a synchronous  that can
function exactly at the supply frequency or sub to super multiple of the supply frequency.
Other types of motors include eddy current motors, and AC and DC
mechanically commutated machines in which speed is dependent on voltage and winding
connection Drawing from U.S. Patent 381968, illustrating principle of Tesla's alternating
current motor Alternating current technology was rooted in Michael Faraday's and
Joseph Henry's 1830–31 discovery that a changing magnetic field can induce an electric
current in a circuit. Faraday is usually given credit for this discovery since he published
his findings first.
In 1832, French instrument maker Hippolyte Pixii generated a crude form of
alternating current when he designed and built the first alternator. It consisted of a
revolving horseshoe magnet passing over two wound wire coils.
Because of AC's advantages in long distance high voltage transmission, there

23
were many inventors in the United States and Europe during the late 19th century trying
to develop workable AC motors. The first person to conceive of a rotating magnetic field
was Walter Baily, who gave a workable demonstration of his battery-operated polyphase
motor aided by a commutator on June 28, 1879, to the Physical Society of London.
Describing an apparatus nearly identical to Baily's, French electrical engineer
Marcel Deprez published a paper in 1880 that identified the rotating magnetic field
principle and that of a two-phase AC system of currents to produce it. Never practically
demonstrated, the design was flawed, as one of the two currents was “furnished by the
machine itself.In 1886, English engineer Elihu Thomson built an AC motor by
expanding upon the induction-repulsion principle and his wattmeter.In 1887, American
inventor Charles Schenk Bradley was the first to patent a two-phase AC power
transmission with four wires.Commutatorless" alternating current induction motors seem
to have been independently invented by Galileo Ferraris and Nikola Tesla. Ferraris
demonstrated a working model of his single-phase induction motor in 1885, and Tesla
built his working two-phase induction motor in 1887 and demonstrated it at the
American Institute of Electrical Engineers in 1888,although Tesla claimed that he
conceived the rotating magnetic field in 1882.In 1888, Ferraris published his research to
the Royal Academy of Sciences in Turin, where he detailed the foundations of motor
operation Tesla, in the same year, was granted a United States patent for his own motor.
Working from Ferraris's experiments, Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky introduced the first
three-phase induction motor in 1890, a much more capable design that became the
prototype used in Europe and the U.S.He also invented the first three-phase generator
and transformer and combined them into the first complete AC three-phase system in
1891.

Figure 3.9.3: AC Motor

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3.9.4 The speed reducers of an AC motor

Speed reducers are used to operate all types of industrial and household
machines which need to reduce the speed of an electric motor safely and efficiently.
Speed reducers adjust a motor's speed in order to provide the torque needed by a
machine to work properly.

Figure 3.9.4: The speed reducer of an AC motor

3.9.5 Metal roller

In metal work, rolling is a process of metal formation in which metal stocks

are passed through one or more pairs of rolls to reduce the thickness. For example, by
rolling the dough. Strong and solid physical physical properties help to destroy
something eg hazel nut or peanut. Rolling stands holding rolls are grouped together
into rolling mills that can process metals quickly, usually steel, into the product such
as steel bar stock structure and rail. Most steel mills have rolling mill parts that
convert semi-finished breaker products into finished products.

Figure 3.9.5: Metal roller

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3.9.6 Pillow Block Bearing

A pillow block is a pedestal used to provide support for a rotating shaft with
the help of compatible bearings & various accessories. Housing material for a pillow
block is typically made of cast iron or cast steel.A pillow block usually refers to a
housing with an included anti-friction bearing. A pillow block refers to any mounted
bearing wherein the mounted shaft is in a parallel plane to the mounting surface, and
perpendicular to the center line of the mounting holes, as contrasted with various
types of flange blocks or flange units. A pillow block may contain a bearing with one
of several types of rolling elements, including ball, cylindrical roller, spherical roller,
tapered roller, or metallic or synthetic bushing. The type of rolling element defines the
type of pillow block. These differ from "plummer blocks" which are bearing
housings supplied without any bearings and are usually meant for higher load ratings
and a separately installed bearing.

Figure 3.9.6: Pillow Block Bearing

3.9.7 Steel Bar Rod

Rebar (short for reinforcing bar), known when massed as reinforcing steel or
reinforcement steel.It is a steel bar or mesh of steel wires used as a tension device in
reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures to strengthen and aid the
concrete under tension. Concrete is strong under compression, but has weak tensile
strength. Rebar significantly increases the tensile strength of the structure. Rebar's
surface is often deformed to promote a better bond with the concrete.
The most common type of rebar is carbon steel, typically consisting of hot-
rolled round bars with deformation patterns. Other readily available types include

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stainless steel, and composite bars made of glass fiber, carbon fiber, or basalt fiber.
The steel reinforcing bars may also be coated in an epoxy resin designed to resist the
effects of corrosion mostly in saltwater environments, but also land based
constructions. Bamboo has been shown to be a viable alternative to reinforcing steel
in concrete construction. These alternate types tend to be more expensive or may have
lesser mechanical properties and are thus more often used in specialty construction
where their physical characteristics fulfill a specific performance requirement that
carbon steel does not provide. Steel and concrete have similar coefficients of thermal
expansion,so a concrete structural member reinforced with steel will experience
minimal differential stress as the temperature.

Figure 3.9.7: Steel Bar Rod

3.9.8 Socket Plug

The Type G plug is commonly known as the 13 ampere plug, and technically
known as the BS 1363 (British 13 A/230-240 V 50 Hz earthed and fused). For safety
reasons, UK wiring regulations require home sockets to have shutters over the live
and neutral connections. These shutters are opened by the insertion of the longer earth
pin.The shutters also help prevent the use of incompatible plugs made to other
standards. It is sometimes possible to open the shutters with a screwdriver in order to
insert Type C or other plugs, but this is not advised, as such plugs will not have a
fuse.This 13 ampere plug has three rectangular prongs that form an isosceles triangle.
The central earth pin is 4 by 8 mm and 22.7 mm long. Line and neutral pins are 4 by
6.35 mm and 17.7 mm long, on centres spaced 22.2 mm apart. The centre-to-centre
distance between the earth pin and the middle of the imaginary line connecting the

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two power pins is 22.2 mm. The 9-mm long insulated sleeves prevent accidental
contact with a bare connector while the plug is partially inserted.

Figure 3.9.8: Type G Socket Plug

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3.10 FABRICATING PROCESS

3.10.1 Grinding

Figure 3.10.1: Grinding

Figure 3.10.1 shows the grinding process using a hand grinder. Grinding process is
the process we did after the cutting process.

3.10.2 Cutting

Figure 3.10.2:Cutting

Figure 3.10.2 shows cutting process using cut off saw machine.

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3.10.3 SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)

Figure 3.10.3: Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Figure 3.10.3 shows the welding process to finish the frame of the project.

3.10.4 Assembling and Riveting

Figure 3.10.4: Assembling and Riveting

Figure 3.10.4 shows the body and the frame are assembled by using a rivet.

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3.10.5 Installation of Electrical Components

Figure 3.10.5: Installation of electrical components

Figure 3.10.5 shows the installation of electrical components.

3.10.6 Finishing

Figure 3.10.6: Finishing

Figure 3.10.6 shows that our project finishing process include spray painting.

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3.11 CONCLUSION

In a conclusion, our project has almost come to the most critical phase which
is the design. We have chosen the material selection and going through some
brainstorming in deciding any process involve to finish this project. We also had
found out in what way our project can help to solve the problem statement and will
achieve our objectives.

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 CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.0 INTRODUCTION

Project results are those data received after processing a query, outcome of an
action, project or process. Results can be one result, multiple results or no result. It is
the final result that it produce. The result type is the data type of the data returned by
the project’s function.
We have recorded the data obtained after we did a test run. Test run is to test if
the project is fully functional and to make sure we achieved the project objectives.
The data that we gained are recorded and showed in the form of bar chart.

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4.1 RESULTS AND DATA

TIME TAKEN TO CRACK AMOUNT OF GROUND NUTS

120 grams 240 grams 360grams

2min 4 min 5 min

Figure 4.1.1: Graph of time taken to crack and Amount of ground nuts.

Chart 1 illustrates a bar graph that shows the different time taken for the ground nut to
crack depending to amount of gram placed inside the machine. 120 gram of peanut
need about 2 minute to crack all.It is proved that the more the amount of gram use the
longer it takes to finish.

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 The ti me taken(min) for ground peanut to
crack without using peanut
cracker(max:360gram)
14

12 12.5

10
10

0
Without using any peanut cracker using manual peanut cracker machine
machine

Figure 4.1.2: Time taken for ground peanut to crack without using peanut.

For the second data, we decided to test the time taken for ground peanut to crack
without using any peanut cracker machine .The maximum mass of the ground peanut
is 360grams. It is given to two categories,without using any peanut cracker machine
and using manual cracker machine.It is definitely shows that the using manual peanut
cracker machine has the shortest time taken for the ground nut to crack completely
which is 10 minutes while without using any peanut cracker machine,for an
example,only use hand to crack the shell it takes about 12.5 minutes to cracking the
ground nut.

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4.2 DISCUSSIONS

Under this topic, we have a few discussions to be mentioned such as:

4.2.1 The difference between the time taken for manual peanut machine to crack
the peanut is 10 minutes for 360 gram while the peanut cracker can crack the
same mass amount within less such as 5 minutes.
Our project have proven that it is capable of cracking 360 peanut within 5
minutes.

TIME TAKEN AMOUNT OF GROUND PEANUT

2 MINUTES 120 GRAM

4 MINUTES 240 GRAM
5 MINUTES 360 GRAM
Table 4.2.1: Time taken and Amount of ground nut

4.2.2 Loader capacity: The maximum load: The maximum amount for the
machine in 360 gram.

Figure 4.2.2: The Design of Peanut Cracker

We have set the maximum amount to be put in the machine because the more the
amount placed in it, the more the time taken to crack all. So, the more the amount of
ground peanut the, the longer the time it takes to crack the ground peanut.

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4.2.3 Required current to start.

As our project uses AC motor, it is definitely can be use in any residential

home as long there is current.

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 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0 INTRODUCTION

Recommendation refers to a suggestion or proposal as to the best course of

action to improve the current condition or situation. Conclusion is the statements that
shows a judgement or decision reached by reasoning at the end or finish of a process
or text.

5.1 RECOMMENDATION

The recommendations that are being focused after finishing this project are:

5.1.1 A.C Motor

In this project, we were using AC motor as one of our main components.It is

because the AC motor commonly consists of two basic parts, an outside stator having
coils supplied with alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and an
inside rotor attached to the output shaft producing a second rotating magnetic field.It
help the roller to rotate to break the peanut cracker.

5.1.2 Metal Roller

In this project,we are using this metal roller to crack the ground nut.This roller
is connected with the shaft.The A.C motor help the roller to rotate in anti-clockwise.

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5.1.3 Funnel

A funnel that on the top of the peanut cracker need more capacity of ground
nut.At least it can fit more than this current peanut cracker.The bigger the funnel,more
ground peanut can be fit.The thickness of the aluminium also must be inctrease to
make sure the funnel is strong and not easy to break.

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5.2 CONCLUSION

Before designing this project, we have issued our problem statements which
we are certain to be the common obstacles we face due to the speed reducer not
working properly. Therefore, we decided to open the cover of the speed reducer on
A.C motor.We using the allen key to make the shaft of A.C motor between the speed
reducer more fit. Due to the problem, we have done a few researches about peanut
cracker and we choose power switch direct current as the source of energy for our
project.
The objectives of our project emphasize on the duration open the ground nut
shell. During the fabrication of this project, there are few other processes includes
such as cutting, grinding, welding, riveting and last but not lease is the finishing. After
finish fabricating this project and doing some data collecting using the peanut cracker,
we have proven that our peanut cracker is capable to insolate between ground nut skin
and peanut filling up maximum 360 gram of shoes within 5 minute. As a conclusion,
our project named “Peanut Cracker” have achieved the project objectives. We are sure
that this project can help many people of all ages especially small industries
entreprenuer to overcome their peanut cracker process during small business.

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 REFERENCES

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Franclin Institute, N. D. (2000). .'two phase inductor motor 2012-18-18 at the
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Hill, M. G. (1920). . JInnovation as a sosial process:Elihu Thompson and the Rise of
general Electric,Cambridge university.
Karafinka, A. (2009). Application of walnut machine. The design walnut cracker, 77-
150.
Lozenski Matthew J. (2006). Micromechtronic:Modelling,analysis and design with
MATLAB of The Prior, 25-46.
George Shultz,George Patrick Shultzy H. C. (1964). Transformers and Motors, 92-
104.
Springler, J. (2011). Machine Tools. Workshop Book.
Weber, H. (2012). AC Motor Control. Journal Of Information and Simulation for
Industrial AC Motor, 18-35.
Wesleyy, S. (1920). Types Of Metal. The Utilization Of Metals, 234-270.
ZGalileo Fernandez,,(1885) T. (S. N., Ed.) A'Electromatgnetic rotation with an
alternating current','Electrician, vol 36.

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 APPENDIX

Figure 5.1.1: Third View of Peanut Cracker

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Figure 5.1.2: Technical Drawing And Isometric Drawing

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