POLITICAL SYSTEM AND POLITICAL INSTITUTION

What is politics?

➢ politics comes from the word “polis” which

means a Greek City State.
➢ the process of making decisions that apply to
members of a group, it refers to achieving and
exercising positions of governance organized
control over a human community particularly a
state.
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 What is political system?

➢ A system of politics and government

➢ An orderly combination of political institutions,
structures, and functions to obtain some political
aims.
➢ A network of relationships through which government
generates ‘outputs’ (policies) in response to ‘inputs’
(demands or support) from the general public.

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 What is political system?

➢Political system is a system of

behavior and it is defined by
distinctive activities “ the
authoritative allocation values for a
society”
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 INPUT OUTPUT
FUNCTIONS FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS OF
POLITICAL Political
Rule Making
Socialization
SYSTEM

Interest
Rule Application
Articulation

Interest Rule
Aggregation Abjudication

Political
Communication
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 Almond and Coleman (1960) have described
the following three main functions of a
political system:

1) To maintain integration of society by determining

norms.
2) To adapt and change elements of social, economic,
religious systems necessary for achieving collective
(political) goals.
3) To protect the integrity of the political system from
outside threats.

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 Types of Political System

• Democracy
• Republic
• Monarchy
• Communism
• Dictatorship
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 Types of Political System

Democracy is the system of government where

citizens are allowed to participate in the proposal
and creations of laws.
A democracy in a more traditional sense is a
political system that allows for each individual to
participate. There are two rather popular types of
democracy: Direct and Representative Democracy
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 Types of Political System

Direct Democracy
Many scholars point to Athens as an example of
direct democracy. Technically, every citizen has an
equal say in the workings of government. (The
qualifications for being considered a citizen are
completely different.) Citizens could show up at a
meeting, and then directly participate in the
governing process, and the process of making laws.
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 Types of Political System

Representative Democracy
In a representative democracy set-up,
citizens elect representatives who actually
make the law. The United States operates
similarly to this principle. Citizens elect
legislators who, in turn, make laws.
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 Types of Political System

Republic
Republic, form of government in which a
state is ruled by representatives of the
citizen body. It is a form of government in
which "power is held by the people and their
elected representatives".
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 Types of Political System

Monarchy is a political system in which

supreme authority is vested in the
monarch, an individual ruler who functions
as head of state. It typically acts as a
political-administrative organization and as
a social group of nobility known as “court
society.”.
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 Types of Political System

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 Types of Political System

Limited Monarchy
A government in which a monarch
agrees to share power with a
parliament and abide by a constitution;
also known as a constitutional
monarchy.
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 Types of Political System

Communism
Communism is a political and economic system that
seeks to create a classless society in which the
major means of production, such as mines and
factories, are owned and controlled by the public.
There is no government or private property or
currency, and the wealth is divided among citizens
equally or according to individual need.

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 Types of Political System

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