CHAPTER

Separation of Substances
5
KEYWORDS
Word Meaning
Churning Shake in a machine in order to produce butter
Condensation Conversion of vapour or gas into liquid
Decantation Process of separation of liquid and solid
Evaporation Process of changing from liquid into vapour
Filtration Process of removing impurities by passing the mixture through a membrane
Handpicking To separate larger components from mixture with hands
Saturated solution The solution which cannot dissolve more of a substance in it
Sedimentation Process of settling or depositing of impurities at the bottom
Sieving Process of removing impurities from the mixture with the help of a sieve
Solution Mixture of two or more components

EXERCISES
5.1 Methods of Separation
A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers:
handpicking
1. __________________ method can be used for separating larger sized impurities like pieces of dirt, stone etc.

2. threshing
The process that is used to separate wheat from stalks is called ______________________ .
Winnowing
3. ______________________ method is used to separate lighter and heavier components of a mixture by wind

or blowing air.

4. sieving
In a flour mill, ______________________ is done to remove impurities like husk and stones.
Sieving
5. ______________________ method is used when the components of a mixture have different sizes.

6. When the heavier component in a mixture settles after water is added to it, the process is called
sedimentation
______________________ .

7. decantation
When the water along with a bit dust is removed the process is known as ______________________ .

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 8. filtration
The method of ______________________ is also used to prepare cottage cheese (paneer).

9. evaporation
The process of conversion of water into vapour is called ______________________ .

10. condensation
Common salt is obtained from seawater by the process of ______________________ .

11. condensation
The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is known as ______________________ .

12. saturated
A solution is said to be ______________________ if it cannot dissolve more of the substance in it.

13. heating
Larger quantity of a substance can be dissolved in a solution by ______________________ it.

B. Answer the following questions:

1. Why is it necessary to separate the different components of a mixture?

It is necessary to separate the different components of a mixture because it might contain harmful or non-

useful components like stone etc.

2. Name three processes of separation that we commonly notice in our home.

Handpicking, sieving and filtration are three processes of separation that we commonly notice in our home.

3. What do you mean by threshing? How is it done?

The process which is used to separate grains from stalks by beating them is known as threshing. In this

process, dried stalks with grains on it are beaten on the rock or any hard platform and grains are separated.

4. Which mixtures can be separated by winnowing? Explain how one can separate husk from grains using this

method?

Winnowing can be used for mixtures having lighter and heavier components by using wind or blowing air.

One can separate husk from grains using this method by allowing the mixture to slide out from little height.

The husk will get carried away with the wind and forms a heap near the platform.

5. Describe sedimentation and decantation.

The process of settling heavier components of the mixture after adding water is known as sedimentation.

While, decantation is the process of removing the water along with dirt is known as decantation.

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 6. What is filtration? Give brief explanation of the procedure of separating soil from water by using a filter paper.

The process of removing solid particles from a liquid mixture, is known as filtration. Take muddy water in a

beaker and a filter paper, bend the paper in the form of cone and pour the mixture through the filter paper.

The solid particles will get stuck on the paper and the water will be separated due to small holes in the filter

paper.

7. What do you mean by evaporation?

The process of conversion of water into its vapour is known as evaporation.

8. What is condensation?

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation.

9. What is a saturated solution?

The solution which cannot dissolve more of a substance in it, is known as saturated solution.

10. How does heat affect the solubility of a substance in a liquid?

By heating the solution, the solubility of a substance in a liquid increases.

11. A mixture of iron nails, salt, oil and water is provided to you. Give stepwise instructions to separate each

component from this mixture?

The oil from the solution can be separated with help of decantation process. The iron nails can be separated

by the process of handpicking. Finally, the salt can be separated by heating the water and evaporation.

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 12. Name the process involved in the separation of salt and sand from a mixture.

Decantation or filtration and condensation are the process involved in the separation of salt and sand from

their mixture.

Fact Box:

Painting uses the separation process of evaporation. The wet paint is a mixture of a coloured pigment

and a solvent. When the solvent dries and evaporates, only the coloured pigment is left.

The separation process of winnowing was used in ancient cultures to separate the grains from the

chaff. They would throw the mixture into the air and the wind would blow away the lighter chaff

leaving the heavier grains.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following methods of separation would be most appropriate to separate vegetables like

potato, ladies’ fingers etc?

(a) Winnowing (b) Sieving

(c) Threshing (d) Hand picking (d) Hand picking

2. Which of the following methods will be most appropriate to prepare lassi from curd?

(a) Filtration (b) Decantation

(c) Churning (d) Winnowing (c) Churning

3. Which of the following mixtures would you be able to separate using the method of filtration?

(a) Oil in water (b) Cornflakes in milk

(c) Salt in water (d) Sugar in milk (b) Cornflakes in milk

4. Which amongst the following methods would be most appropriate to separate grains from bundles of stalks?

(a) Hand picking (b) Winnowing

(c) Sieving (d) Threshing (b) Winnowing

5. Four mixtures are given below:

(i) Kidney beans and chick peas (ii) Pulses and rice

(iii) Rice flakes and corn (iv) Potato wafers and biscuits

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 Which of these can be separated by the method of winnowing?

(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)

(c) (i) and (iii) (d) (iii) and (iv) (d) (iii) and (iv)

6. Which out of the following is the most suitable method to separate the grains from the flour?

(a) Threshing (b) Sieving

(c) Winnowing (d) Filtration (b) Sieving

7. You might have observed the preparation of ghee from butter and cream at home. Which method(s) can be

used to separate ghee from the residue?

(i) Evaporation (ii) Decantation

(iii) Filtration (iv) Churning

Which of the following combinations is the correct answer?

(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)

(c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (iv) only (b) (ii) and (iii)

8. In an activity, a teacher dissolved a small amount of solid copper sulphate in a tumbler half filled with water.

Which method would you use to get back solid copper sulphate from the solution?

(a) Decantation (b) Evaporation

(c) Sedimentation (d) Condensation (b) Evaporation

9. Water droplets form on the inner side of a vessel due to

(a) boiling and condensation.

(b) evaporation and saturation.

(c) evaporation and condensation.

(d) condensation and saturation. (c) evaporation and condensation.

10. Which of the following is the reason for the formation of water droplets on the outer side of a bottle

containing water with ice cubes?

(a) Evaporation of water from the glass

(b) Water that seeped out from the glass

(c) Evaporation of atmospheric water vapour

(d) Condensation of atmospheric water vapour (d) Condensation of atmospheric water vapour.

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 Extra Questions
1. State whether the following statements are true or false:

(a) A mixture of oil and water can be separated by filtration.

False

(b) Water can be separated from salt by evaporation.

True

(c) A mixture of wheat grains and wheat flour can be separated by sieving.

True

(d) A mixture of iron filings and rice flour can be separated by magnet.

True

(e) A mixture of wheat grains and rice flakes can be separated by winnowing.

True

(f) A mixture of tea leaves and milk can be separated by decantation.

True

2. Match the mixtures in Column I with their method of separation in Column II.

Column I Column II
1. Oil mixed in water (a) Sieving
2. Iron powder mixed with flour (b) Hand picking
3. Salt mixed with water (c) Decantation
4. Ladies’ fingers mixed with potatoes (d) Magnet
5. Rice flour mixed with kidney beans (e) Evaporation

Ans.  1. – (c)   2. – (d)   3. – (e)   4. – (b)   5. – (a)

3. Both Sarika and Mohan were asked to make salt solutions. Sarika was given a teaspoonful of salt and half a

glass of water, whereas Mohan was given twenty teaspoons of salt and half a glass of water.

(a) How would they make salt solutions? They will mix salt with water to prepare salt solutions.

(b) Who would be able to prepare a saturated solution? Mohan will be able to prepare saturated solution.

4. Write the method you would use to separate the following:

Filtration
(a) Sand from water ________________________________________________________________________

Decantation
(b) Mustard oil from water ___________________________________________________________________

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 Evaporation and condensation
(c) Chalk powder from water ________________________________________________________________

Filtration
(d) Tea leaves from tea ______________________________________________________________________

Sustainable Development Goals

Development goals have also been focusing on keeping the water from the rivers, oceans and seas cleaner in

order to provide drinking water for the people of the world. Also, it can be helpful for marine animals to live

as wastes such as plastic, paper etc. can affect animals living underwater. Excerpts from data:

3 in 10 people across the world do not get safe and clean water to drink.

More than 80% of wastewater resulting from human activities is discharged into rivers or sea without

any pollution control.

Hence, it is really important to control the wastage of water and make efforts to conserve our resources.

Extra Information
Decantation : It is a process of separating two components of a mixture on the basis of their density.

Liquid

Undissolved solid
It can also be used to separate solid mixtures having large particles. Out of the two liquids, one with lower

density floats over the one with higher density and is poured off into another container. It can also be used

to separate the mixture of solid and liquid with the help of gravity; solid particles get settled at the base due

to their weight and the liquid can be poured into another container easily.

Reference Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqd_RcD49ME

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uVdi-3AqRE

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 Complete the Mind Map
________________________
 When heavier
____________________ ____________________ __________________________ component in a mixture
 The process of  The process of  When no more solute

TKA_SCI_WB_G6_C05_ANS-ANNO.indd 49
conversion of water
into vapour.
conversion of water
vapour into its liquid
form.
(Salt / Sugar) can dissolve in
solvent (Water).
settles after water is
added to it.
________________________
 When the water along
with dust is removed.
________________________
 Process of removing dirt
from the water using
filter.

METHODS OF SEPARATION

____________________ SEPARATION OF
 It is used for SUBSTANCES
separating slightly
larger size impurities :
 Stone.

___________________
 Process that is used
for separating grains
from stalk.

___________________
 It is used to separate
heavier and lighter
components of a
mixture by wind or
air.

___________________
 It is used when
the components
of a mixture have
different sizes.

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