Cognitive : The school of psychology that examines internal mental processes, such as

creativity, perception, thinking, problem solving, memory, and language. Cognitive psychologists
are interested in how a person understands, diagnoses, and solves a problem, concerning
themselves with the mental processes that mediate between stimulus and response
(Garvey,1999) Neuro-scientific / Bio-psychological : The neuro-scientific framework seeks to
relate behavior and mind to the brain. The important overall point of a neuro-scientific
perspective is that analyses of normal or abnormal function need to be informed by an
understanding of the brain structures and processes that implement the function.
As people age their bodies go through a lot of changes physically as well as psychologically. As
humans age normally they undergo changes in their brain which affect cognitive functioning and
development. Each person is different so the age-related changes in the structure of the brain
and in its function as well as in cognition and cognitive domains are not uniform across the
whole brain, nor are the uniform across individuals.
Physiological Psychology is as described by Kalat (1998) as the study of the physiological,
evolutionary, and developmental mechanisms of behaviour and experience. It is devoted to the
study of brain functioning, how Neurons and Glia convey messages to one another and other
parts of the body for it to function and work accordingly. Future studies of physiological
psychology will help predict behavioural patterns in society and how brain functions can be
“rewritten” through cognitive therapies .e.g.
Although there are some arguments relating to behavior and cognitive psychology, since there
are claims that Mental processes were considered habits that were not connected to the brain,
still Cognitive psychology diminishes the confusions as to why human come up with that action.
There are interacting determinants between behavior and cognitive psychology. Through these
field people learn that as a discipline, cognitive psychology is developed to bridge the gap
between behaviorism and cognitive social psychology.
Perhaps one of the most well known cases in cognitive psychology is that of Phineas Gage. A
man who suffered from an injury to his prefrontal lobes thirty years before the field of
Psychology even began (Moulin, 2006). However, psychologists’ continue to study his brain and
the effects of his injury and its role in cognitive functions years later.
Key words: psychology, biology PSYCHOLOGY AND BIOLOGY The Conflict between
Psychology and Biology Psychology is the scientific study of humans or animal mental functions
and behaviors (Malton, 2002). It studies topics such as perceptions, cognitions, attention,
emotion, emotion, motivation, brain functioning, behavior and interpersonal relationship (Leahey,
1987). In its literal meaning, psychology is the study of soul and mind.
In many parts of the world, drinking alcoholic beverages is a common feature of social
gatherings. Underage drinkers are susceptible to the immediate consequences of alcohol use,
including blackouts, hangovers, and alcohol poisoning, and are at elevated risk of
neuro-degeneration (particularly in regions of the brain responsible for learning and memory),
impairments in functional brain activity, and neuro-cognitive defects . In addition to the
individual’s personality itself, many variables influence drinking behavior: genetics; gender;
ethnicity; college; religiosity; occupation; marital status; friends and family.
The asymmetry of brain function has been demonstrated both by studying the effects of brain
damage on accidental faculties cognitive, but also more recently through the techniques of brain
imaging showing asymmetric activations following mental operations, performed which is
recorded as evidence of brain activity (Vallortigara & Bisazza, 1999). Despite significant
progress on this issue, there are still many points of discussion. The link between these
asymmetries and hemispheric dominance is still under scientific investigation, and the
mechanisms neuro-developmental factors that lead to these asymmetries are under study.
His story is an amazing one that is hard to believe. There are several parts of the brain that are
responsible for the cognitive functions. One part of the brain that is responsible for cognitive
functions is the amygdala. The amygdala is an almond shaped set of nuclei that control
emotions such as fear, disgust, anger, and even pleasure.
There is still much information that needs to be studied for a better understanding into the
cognitive processes as they relate to aging. References Anderson, J. R. (2010). Cognitive
psychology and its implications (7th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers Glisky, E. (2007).
Brain Aging: Models, Methods, and Mechanisms.. Bethesda, MD: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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