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TECHNOGLOBE
“Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award
of the Degree of the Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and
Engineering to Rajasthan Technical University, Kota”
SUBMITTED BY
2021-22
Acknowledgement
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree
Department of our college for his kind co-operation and valuable suggestions.
extent. This training would not have been possible without his support and able
guidance. He was very supportive throughout the given period in sharing their
Finally, we express earnest and sincere thanks to the whole “TechnoGlobe” for
Vivek Gurjar
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Candidate’s Declaration
I hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in the practical training report
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of the Bachelor of
Kota is a record of my training carried under the Guidance of Mr. Gaurav Jaiswal,
Vivek Gurjar
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Training Certificate
i
Abstract
ii
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement i
Candidate’s Declaration ii
Training Cerficate iii
Abstract iv
List of Figures vi
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Training Overview 1
1.2 Introduction To HTML 1
1.2.1 Write Some HTML 1
1.2.2 Basic HTML Tags 2
1.2.3 Images & Lists 3
1.3 History of HTML 5
2. Introduction To CSS 8
2.1 What is CSS? 8
2.2 How CSS can be associated with an HTML web page? 8
2.3 CSS Basic Properties 12
2.4 Advantages of CSS 13
3. Introduction To JavaScript 14
3.1 What is JavaScript? 14
3.2 JavaScript Can Change HTML Content 14
3.3 JavaScript Can Change HTML Styles (CSS) 15
3.4 Where to Insert JavaScript Code? 16
3.5 JavaScript Functions & Events 17
3.6 External JavaScript 19
3.7 Advantages of External JavaScript 20
4. Responsive Web Design 21
4.1 What Is Responsive Web Design? 21
4.2 Responsive Images 22
4.3 Media Queries 23
5. Project Work: Library Management 26
6. Conclusion 37
7. References 38
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List of Figures
ii
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Training Overview
Module 1 summarizes the topics that it covers in the entire course and discusses that
to successfully complete the course, it is needed to complete all the practice quizzes
and assignments. This course covered basics of HTML, CSS for styling the web pages
and JavaScript to make a web page interactive and also develop responsive web pages
with the help of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
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Step 3: And save it with extension .html
2
<title> Defines a title for the document
<body> Defines the document’s body
<h1> to <h6> Defines HTML headings
Images are not technically inserted into a web page; images are linked to web pages.
The <img> tag creates a holding space for the referenced image.
The <img> tag is empty, it contains attributes only, and does not have a closing tag.
Syntax :-
<img src=”url” alt=”alternatetext”>
Example :-
<img src="image.jpg" alt="imagetext">
ii. HTML List
HTML lists allow web developers to group a set of related items in lists.
There are three types of html list -
a) Unordered HTML List: An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list
item starts with the <li> tag.
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The list items will be marked with bullets (small black circles) by default:
HTML Code:
Output:
b) Ordered HTML List - An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item
starts with the <li> tag.
The list items will be marked with numbers by default:
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HTML Code:
Output:
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Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of HTML, used to work in the computer section of the
CERN (European Laboratory for Particle Physics) at Geneva, Switzerland. CERN is
an institution for researching particle physics which requires the collaboration of
physicists all over the world.
Tim has an idea of creating something which would enable physicists to share
research information from anywhere in the world, and he came with HTML which
can contain links of many documents from one document.
Tim's prototype Web browser on the NeXT computer came out in 1990.
• In 1991, an open discussion group HTML-talk was started across the internet for
the development of HTML.
• In 1992, Dave Raggett from Hewlett-Packard's Labs in Bristol, England who was
one of the enthusiastic of HTML, met Tim and upon returning England, Dave
wrote a richer version of HTML called HTML+.
• In 1992, NCSA showed interest in web and contributed to take the
development of web a step further.
• In december 1992, Marc Andreessen of Mosaic team (an early web browser)
introduced img tag in the HTML document.
• March 1993: Lou Montulli releases the Lynx browser version 2.0a.
• Early 1993: Dave Raggett begins to write his own browser.
• April 1993: The Mosaic browser is released.
• Late 1993: Large companies underestimate the importance of the Web.
• May 1994: NCSA assigns commercial rights for Mosaic browser to Spyglass Inc.
• September 1994: The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) sets up an
HTML working group.
• July 1994: HTML specification for HTML 2 is released.
• November 1994: Netscape is formed.
• Late 1994: The World Wide Web Consortium forms.
• Through 1995: HTML is extended with many new tags.
• March 1995: HTML 3 is published as an Internet Draft.
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• March 1995: A furor over the HTML Tables specification.
• August 1995: Microsoft's Internet Explorer browser comes out.
• September 1995: Netscape submits a proposal for frames.
• November 1995: The HTML working group runs into problems.
• November 1995: Vendors unite to form a new group dedicated to developing an
HTML standard.
• November 1995: Style sheets for HTML documents begin to take shape.
• November 1995: Internationalization of HTML Internet Draft.
• December 1995: The HTML working group is dismantled.
• February 1996: The HTML ERB is formed.
• April 1996: The W3 Consortium working draft on Scripting comes out.
• July 1996: Microsoft seems more interested than first imagined in open standards.
• December 1996: Work on `Cougar' is begun.
• January 1997: HTML 3.2 is ready.
• In spring 1998, HTML 4.01 was materialized finally and become a w3c
recommendation.
• In January 2008, a working draft of HTML 5 is prepared.
The current version of HTML is HTML 4.01 which we have discussed in our HTML
tutorials.
Development of HTML 5 is underway but developers have already started using some
of it's features.
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Chapter 2
Introduction To CSS
From its invention, CSS has evolved through different versions. The present version
of CSS is CSS 2.1.
Next version of CSS is CSS3, which is under development but developers have
already started using some of its features.
1. Inline CSS
● An inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML element.
● An inline CSS uses the style attribute of an HTML element.
The following example sets the text color of the <h1> element to blue, and the text
color of the <p> element to red:
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Figure 2.1 Inline CSS Code
Output:
2. Internal CSS
● An internal CSS is used to define a style for a single HTML page.
● An internal CSS is defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, within a
<style> element.
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The following example sets the text color of ALL the <h1> elements (on that page) to
blue, and the text color of ALL the <p> elements to red. In addition, the page will be
displayed with a "powderblue" background color:
Output:
3. External CSS
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● An external style sheet is used to define the style for many HTML pages.
To use an external style sheet, add a link to it in the <head> section of each HTML
page:
Output:
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Figure 2.7 External CSS Output
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2.4 Advantages of CSS
Some of the advantages of using CSS are:
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Chapter 3
Introduction to JavaScript
It was first released under the name of LiveScript as part of Netscape Navigator 2.0 in
September 1995. It was renamed JavaScript on December 4, 1995. As JavaScript
works on the client side, It is mostly used for client-side web development.
JavaScript is designed for use on web pages and closely integrated with HTML.
JavaScript can create applications which run in the browsers such as IE, Opera,
FireFox, Google Chrome and other. Netscape submitted JavaScript to ECMA
International for standardization resulting in the standardized version named
ECMAScript.
The example below "finds" an HTML element (with id="demo"), and changes the
element content (innerHTML) to "Hello JavaScript":
Example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>What Can JavaScript Do?</h2>
<p id="demo">JavaScript can change HTML content.</p>
<button type="button"
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onclick='document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello
JavaScript!"'>Click Me!</button>
</body>
</html>
Output:
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<button type="button"
onclick="document.getElementById('demo').style.fontSize='35px'">Clic
k Me!</button>
</body>
</html>
Output:
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<h2>JavaScript in Body</h2>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "My First JavaScript";
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:
For example, a function can be called when an event occurs, like when the user clicks
a button.
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript in Body</h2>
<script>
function myFunction() {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Paragraph changed.";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:
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Figure 3.7 Output JavaScript Functions and Events 2
To use an external script, put the name of the script file in the src (source) attribute of
a <script> tag:
Example:
HTML file:-
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>External JavaScript</h2>
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<script src="myScript.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
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Chapter 4
Responsive Web Design
The practice consists of a mix of flexible grids and layouts, images and an intelligent
use of CSS media queries. As the user switches from their laptop to iPad, the website
should automatically switch to accommodate for resolution, image size and scripting
abilities. One may also have to consider the settings on their devices; if they have
a VPN for iOS on their iPad, for example, the website should not block the user’s
access to the page. In other words, the website should have the technology to
automatically respond to the user’s preferences. This would eliminate the need for a
different design and development phase for each new gadget on the market.
Almost every new client these days wants a mobile version of their website. It’s
practically essential after all: one design for the BlackBerry, another for the iPhone,
the iPad, netbook, Kindle — and all screen resolutions must be compatible, too. In the
next five years, we’ll likely need to design for a number of additional inventions.
When will the madness stop? It won’t, of course.
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Figure 4.1 Understanding Responsive Design
Example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
</head>
<body>
<h2>Responsive Image</h2>
<p>When the CSS width property is set in a percentage value, the image will scale up and
down when resizing the browser window. Resize the browser window to see the effect.</p>
</body>
</html>
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Figure 4.2 Output Responsive Web Page
4.3 Media Queries
In addition to resize text and images, it is also common to use media queries in
responsive web pages.
With media queries you can define completely different styles for different browser
sizes.
Example: resize the browser window to see that the three div elements below will
display horizontally on large screens and stacked vertically on small screens:
Example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,
initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
* {
box-sizing:border-box;
}
.left {
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background-color:#2196F3;
padding:20px;
float:left;
width:20%; /* The width is 20%, by default */
}
.main {
background-color:#f1f1f1;
padding:20px;
float:left;
width:60%; /* The width is 60%, by default */
}
.right {
background-color:#4CAF50;
padding:20px;
float:left;
width:20%; /* The width is 20%, by default */
}
<h2>Media Queries</h2>
<p>Resize the browser window.</p>
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<p>Make sure you reach the breakpoint at 800px when resizing this
frame.</p>
<div class="left">
<p>Left Menu</p>
</div>
<div class="main">
<p>Main Content</p>
</div>
<div class="right">
<p>Right Content</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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Chapter 5
Project Work
Library Management
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fig: Library Managemant Dashboard
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Code:
!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link
href="https://unpkg.com/tailwindcss@^2/dist/tailwind.min.css"
rel="stylesheet">
<style type="text/css">
.homepage {
position: relative;
text-align: center;
color: white;
}
.centered {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
font-size: 300%;
color:#000000;
background-color: #ffffff;
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width: 70%;
}
body{
background-color: #c4f5ea;
}
.sectionbtn {
background-color: #4CAF50;
border: none;
color: white;
padding: 15px 32px;
text-align: center;
display: inline-block;
font-size: 16px;
margin: 4px 2px;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
<title>Library Management</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function menufunction(){
alert("Sorry! Menu list is not available right
now");
}
function specialfunction(){
alert("Woohooo! You hava got a special dish
for free !!");
}
</script>
</head>
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<body>
</div>
</header>
<div class="homepage">
<img src="Books.jpg" style="width: 100%;">
<div class="centered">Over 150+ Menus Available</div>
</div>
<div>
<section class="text-gray-600 body-font">
<div class="container px-5 py-24 mx-auto">
<div class="flex flex-wrap -mx-4 -mb-10 text-center">
<div class="sm:w-1/2 mb-10 px-4">
<div class="rounded-lg h-64 overflow-hidden">
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<img alt="Menu" src="menu.jpg" width="1202px"
height="502px">
</div>
<a href="#" class="sectionbtn"
onclick="booksfunction()"><h2>Select Books</h2></a>
</div>
<div class="sm:w-1/2 mb-10 px-4">
<div class="rounded-lg h-64 overflow-hidden">
<img alt="content" src="johnspecial.jpg">
</div>
<a href="#" class="sectionbtn"
onclick="specialfunction()"><h2>John's Special</h2></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
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<div class="lg:w-1/4 md:w-1/2 w-full px-4">
<h2 class="title-font font-medium text-gray-900
tracking-widest text-sm mb-3">PAGES</h2>
<nav class="list-none mb-10">
<li>
<a class="text-gray-600
hover:text-gray-800">Home</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-gray-600
hover:text-gray-800">Pricing</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-gray-600
hover:text-gray-800">About</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-gray-600
hover:text-gray-800">Contact</a>
</li>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="lg:w-1/4 md:w-1/2 w-full px-4">
<h2 class="title-font font-medium text-gray-900
tracking-widest text-sm mb-3">USEFUL LINKS</h2>
<nav class="list-none mb-10">
<li>
<a class="text-gray-600
hover:text-gray-800">Menu</a>
</li>
<li>
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<a class="text-gray-600
hover:text-gray-800">Library Dashboard</a>
</li>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bg-gray-100">
<div class="container mx-auto py-4 px-5 flex flex-wrap
flex-col sm:flex-row">
<p class="text-gray-500 text-sm text-center
sm:text-left">© 2020 Library Management
</p>
<span class="inline-flex sm:ml-auto sm:mt-0 mt-2
justify-center sm:justify-start">
<a class="text-gray-500">
<svg fill="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="w-5 h-5"
viewBox="0 0 24 24">
<path d="M18 2h-3a5 5 0 00-5
5v3H7v4h3v8h4v-8h3l1-4h-4V7a1 1 0 011-1h3z"></path>
</svg>
</a>
<a class="ml-3 text-gray-500">
<svg fill="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="w-5 h-5"
viewBox="0 0 24 24">
<path d="M23 3a10.9 10.9 0 01-3.14 1.53 4.48 4.48
0 00-7.86 3v1A10.66 10.66 0 013 4s-4 9 5 13a11.64 11.64 0 01-7
33
2c9 5 20 0 20-11.5a4.5 4.5 0 00-.08-.83A7.72 7.72 0 0023
3z"></path>
</svg>
</a>
<a class="ml-3 text-gray-500">
<svg fill="none" stroke="currentColor"
stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"
stroke-width="2" class="w-5 h-5" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
<rect width="20" height="20" x="2" y="2" rx="5"
ry="5"></rect>
<path d="M16 11.37A4 4 0 1112.63 8 4 4 0 0116
11.37zm1.5-4.87h.01"></path>
</svg>
</a>
<a class="ml-3 text-gray-500">
<svg fill="currentColor" stroke="currentColor"
stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"
stroke-width="0" class="w-5 h-5" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
<path stroke="none" d="M16 8a6 6 0 016 6v7h-4v-7a2
2 0 00-2-2 2 2 0 00-2 2v7h-4v-7a6 6 0 016-6zM2
9h4v12H2z"></path>
<circle cx="4" cy="4" r="2"
stroke="none"></circle>
</svg>
</a>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
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Chapter 6
Conclusion
After so much effort put in I have successfully created a dynamic and responsive
library management system. This course covered concepts of HTML, CSS and
JavaScript.
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References
1. https://www.javatpoint.com
2. https://www.w3schools.com/
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