Modul 01 Aspek Hukum UMB

Aspek Hukum dan
Manajemen Kontrak
01
Modul ke:
Fakultas
Program Pasca Prof. Dr.Ir. F.Sarwono Hardjomuljadi, MSc, MH
Sarjana
Program Studi
Magister Teknik
Sipil
WISUDA SARJANA XLVI | WISUDA PASCASARJANA XXXIII
Universitas Mercu Buana 21 November 2018 2
Kontrak – Klaim – Penyelesaian Sengketa
Kontrak Klaim Penyelesaian

Konstruksi Konstruksi Sengketa
Prof. Sarwono Hardjomuljadi

FIDIC Board of Director
DRBF Region 2 Board of Director
Dr,Ir, MT (Civ); MH (Law); PE.MASCE. IPU, ACPE (PE);
MCIArb, FPADSK
Kontrak
Konstruksi
Bengt Holmstrom
Born: Finland, April 18, 1949
…………after observing the difficulty of his task,
the agent can change the contract within
certain limits to the benefit of both parties.
Oliver Simon D’Arcy Hart

Born: UK, October 9, 1948
………..the ex ante contract shapes parties
entitlements regarding ex post outcomes. If a party
does not get what she feels entitled to, she is
aggrieved and will shade her performance ex post, Prof. Sarwono Hardjomuljadi
causing dead-weight losses. DRBF Region 2 Board of Director
MCIArb, FPADSK
Kontrak
Konstruksi
In a judgement by Lord Wensleydale in 1861 said—

“The question is not what the parties to a deed or other documents may have intended to do by
entering into that deed, but what is the meaning of the words used in that deed: a most
important distinction in all cases of construction and disregard of which often leads to
erroneous conclusions”.
It was even more strongly put in the judgement by Sir Gorell Barnes in 1907 when he said—
“What a man intends and the expression of his intention are two different things. He is bound and those
who take after him are bound by his expressed intention. If that expressed intention is unfortunately
different from what he really desires, so much the worse for those who wish the actual intention to
prevail.”

MCIArb, FPADSK
Kontrak
Konstruksi
Garner (2004) “Contract is an agreement between two or more
parties creating obligations that are enforceable or otherwise
recognizable at law” Chow (2006) “Contract is a legally binding
(Bryan A.Garner (2004): agreement formed when one party accepts an offer
“Black’s Law Dictionary”, Thomson West) made by another and which fulfills the conditions”
(Chow Kok Fong (2006):
Martin and Law (2006) “Contract is a legally binding
” Construction Contracts Dictionary”, Sweet & Maxwell Asia)
agreement. Agreement arises as a result of “offer and
acceptance”, but a number of other requirements must be
satisfied for an agreement to be legally binding”.
Elizabeth A Martin and Jonathan Law (2006):
“Oxford Dictionary of Law”, Oxford University Press
John Adriaanse (2010) said that “A variety of factors makes a construction contract different from
most other types of contracts. These include the length of the project, its complexity, its size and the
fact that the price agreed and the amount of work done may change as it proceeds
John Adriaanse (2010):
“Construction Contract Law : The Essential s“

MCIArb, FPADSK
Kontrak
FIDIC Conditions of Contract Konstruksi
for Construction
FIDIC Conditions of Contract

for Plant and Design Build
FIDIC Conditions of Contract

for EPC/Turnkey Projects

MCIArb, FPADSK
© DRBF 2018
Kontrak
Konstruksi
FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction,
which are recommended for building or engineering works designed by the Employer or by
his representative, the Engineer. Under the usual arrangements for this type of contract, the Contractor
constructs the works in accordance with a design provided by the Employer. However, the works may include
some elements of Contractor-designed civil, mechanical, electrical and/or construction works
FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build,

which are recommended for the provision of electrical and/or mechanical plant, and for the
design and execution of building or engineering works. Under the usual arrangements for this type of
contract, the Contractor designs and provides, in accordance with the Employer’s requirements, plant and/or
other works; which may include any combination of civil, mechanical, electrical and/or construction works.
FIDIC Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects,

which may be suitable for the provision on a turnkey basis of a process or power plant, of a
factory or similar facility, or of an infrastructure project or other type of development, where
(i) a higher degree of certainty of final price and time is required, and (ii) the Contractor takes total
responsibility for the design and execution of the project, with little involvement of the Employer.
Under the usual arrangements for turnkey projects, the Contractor carries out all the Engineering, Procurement
and Construction (EPC): providing a fully-equipped facility, ready for operation (at the "turn of the key").
FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction,
whichKontrak
are recommended for building or engineering works designed by the Employer or by
his Konstruksi
representative, the Engineer. Under the usual arrangements for this type of contract, the Contractor
constructs the works in accordance with a design provided by the Employer. However, the works may include
some elements of Contractor-designed civil, mechanical, electrical and/or construction works
FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build,

which are recommended for the provision of electrical and/or mechanical plant, and for the
design and execution of building or engineering works. Under the usual arrangements for this type of
contract, the Contractor designs and provides, in accordance with the Employer’s requirements, plant and/or
other works; which may include any combination of civil, mechanical, electrical and/or construction works.
FIDIC Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects,

which may be suitable for the provision on a turnkey basis of a process or power plant, of a
factory or similar facility, or of an infrastructure project or other type of development, where
(i) a higher degree of certainty of final price and time is required, and (ii) the Contractor takes total
responsibility for the design and execution of the project, with little involvement of the Employer.
Under the usual arrangements for turnkey projects, the Contractor carries out all the Engineering, Procurement
and Construction (EPC): providing a fully-equipped facility, ready for operation (at the "turn of the key").
Sub-Clause 14.1 The Contract Price
(a)Kontrak
the Contract Price shall be agreed or determined under Sub-Clause 12.3
Konstruksiand be subject to adjustment in accordance with the Contract.
[Evaluation]
(Conditions of Contract for Construction-1999 and MDB Harmonised Edition-
2006)

(a) the Contract Price shall be the lump sum Accepted Contract Amount
and be subject to adjustments in accordance with the Contract
(Conditions of Contract for Plant Design Build 1999)

Unless otherwise stated in the Particular Conditions:
(a)payment of the Works shall be made on the basis of the lump sum Contract
Price, subject to adjustments in accordance with the Contract;
(Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects -1999)
MCIArb, FPADSK

MCIArb, FPADSK

MCIArb, FPADSK

MCIArb, FPADSK
FIDIC CC
EDITION 2017
14
Pengguna Jasa
Universitas Mercu Buana 21 November 2018
harus membayar kepada

Kontrak kontraktor atas apa yang telah dikerjakannya sesuai
Konstruksi dengan apa yang diperjanjikan berdasarkan kontrak.
Enjinir harus melaksanakan apa yang ditugaskan oleh

Pengguna Jasa (sebagai klien), yaitu apa yang ditugaskan
ENJINIR
kepadanya guna bertindak untuk dan atas nama Pengguna Jasa
dalam melaksanakan pengawasan pelaksanaan pekerjaan oleh
(THE ENGINEER)
kontraktor atas apa yang telah dikerjakannya berdasarkan suatu
kontrak konstruksi.
Kontraktor harus melaksanakan semua pekerjaan yang

tercantum dalam kontrak dengan waktu, kualitas dan biaya sesuai
dengan apa yang disepakati dalam kontrak, kecuali terdapat perintah
dari Enjinir/Pengguna jasa.
MCIArb, FDSKI (ADR)
Kontrak
Konstruksi
1 The duties, rights, obligations, roles and responsibilities of all
the Contract Participants must be generally as implied in the
General Conditions, and appropriate to the requirements of
the project.
This qualification is important in ensuring that the appropriate

FIDIC Contract is selected for the specific features of the project.

MCIArb, FPADSK
Kontrak
Konstruksi
2 The Particular Conditions must be drafted clearly and

unambiguously.
All agreements and understandings between the Employer and the

Contractor made during the Tender period must be recorded and
incorporated into the Contract by Addenda and referred to in the Letter
of Acceptance and/or the Contract Agreement
Additionally, the PCs Sub-Clauses must clearly indicate the relationship between
the newly introduced text and the corresponding GCs Sub-Clauses’ original text
e.g. addition to the original text, omission of the original text, replacement of the
original text, amendment to the original text,
A provision of the GCs is deleted and replaced in the PCs by

the words “not used”.
Kontrak
Konstruksi
3 The Particular Conditions must not change the balance of

risk/reward allocation provided for in the General Conditions
Omission of the Contractor’s entitlements for compensation under Red, Yellow

or Silver Book Sub-Clause 2.1 [Right of Access to the Site] if the Contractor
suffers delay and/or incurs Cost as a result of a failure by the Employer to fulfil
his obligations for right of access to and possession of, all parts of the Site
within the time prescribed in the Contract.

MCIArb, FPADSK
Kontrak
Konstruksi
4 All time periods specified in the Contract for Contract

Participants to perform their obligations must be of
reasonable duration.
Requiring the Contractor to give notice of an event or circumstance that

might give rise to a claim within 5 days after the Contractor became aware
or should have become aware of the event or circumstance.

MCIArb, FPADSK
Kontrak
Konstruksi
5 Unless there is a conflict with the governing law of the

Contract, all formal disputes must be referred to a Dispute
Avoidance/Adjudication Board (or a Dispute Adjudication
Board, if applicable) for a provisionally binding decision as a
condition precedent to arbitration.
The following modifications to the Conditions of Contract

do not comply with GP5:
Deleting all the clauses in the GCs that refer to the DAAB/ DAB.
.

MCIArb, FPADSK
Undang Undang 2 2017 Jasa Konstruksi
(1) Sengketa yang terjadi dalam Kontrak Kerja Konstruksi diselesaikan dengan prinsip dasar
musyawarah untuk mencapai kemufakatan.
2) Dalam hal musyawarah para pihak sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak dapat mencapai
suatu kemufakatan, para pihak menempuh tahapan upaya penyelesaian sengketa yang tercantum
dalam Kontrak Kerja Konstruksi. (PACTUM DE COMPROMITTENDO)
(3) Dalam hal upaya penyelesaian sengketa tidak tercantum dalam Kontrak Kerja Konstruksi
sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2), para pihak yang bersengketa membuat suatu persetujuan
tertulis mengenai tata cara penyelesaian sengketa yang akan dipilih. (ACTA COMPROMIS)
(4) Tahapan upaya penyelesaian sengketa sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) meliputi:
a. Mediasi
a/b. Dewan Sengketa
b. Konsiliasi, dan
c. Arbitrase c. Arbitrase
(5) Selain upaya penyelesaian sengketa sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (4) huruf a dan huruf b,
para pihak dapat membentuk dewan sengketa.
(7) Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai penyelesaian sengketa sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1)
diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah
20
21
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22
Tahun 2020
Pasal 93
1) Tahapan upaya penyelesaian sengketa Konstruksi meliputi Mediasi,
Konsiliasi, dan arbitrase.
2) Penyelesaian sengketa sesuai tahapan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat
(1) dapat dihentikan apabila sengketa sudah diselesaikan pada tahap
sebelumnya.
3) Selain upaya penyelesaian sengketa melalui Mediasi dan Konsiliasi
sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), para pihak dapat menunjuk
Dewan Sengketa.
4) Dewan Sengketa sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) mempunyai
fungsi sebagai upaya pencegahan sekaligus penyelesaian sengketa
Konstruksi.
5) Penggunaan Dewan Sengketa sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3)
dilakukan setelah perikatan Jasa Konstruksi.
21
22
Tahun 2020
Pasal 94
1) Wewenang Dewan Sengketa untuk mencegah dan menyelesaikan sengketa
timbul setelah para pihak sepakat menggunakan Dewan Sengketa dalam klausula
perikatan Jasa Konstruksi dan membuat perjanjian tripartit Dewan Sengketa.
2) Perjanjian tripartit Dewan Sengketa sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak
terpisah dari perikatan Jasa Konstruksi yang ditandatangani oleh para pihak dan
Dewan Sengketa.
3) Dewan Sengketa paling sedikit memiliki tugas sebagai berikut:
1) Mencegah perselisihan para pihak;
2) Menyelesaikan perselisihan melalui pemberian pertimbangan profesional aspek tertentu sesuai
kebutuhan; atau
3) Menyelesaiakan sengketa melalui rumusan kesimpulan formal yang dituangkan dalam putusan
Dewan Sengekta
4) Pembentukan Dewan Sengketa sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 93 ayat (3)
dituangkan ke dalam kontrak kerja Konstruksi yang dananya menjadi tanggung
jawab para pihak.
5) Dewan Sengketa sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 93 ayat (3), berjumlah
gasal.
22
23
Tahun 2020
Pasal 95
1) Proses dan putusan Dewan Sengketa didasari pada prinsip keadilan.
2) Dalam hal tidak terdapat keberatan dalam jangka waktu 28 (dua puluh
delapan) hari kalender, putusan Dewan Sengketa final dan mengikat
kedua belah pihak.
3) Dalam hal terdapat keberatan para pihak/salah satu pihak terhadap

putusan Dewan Sengketa, para pihak menempuh tahapan upaya
penyelesaian sengketa selanjutnya sesuai dengan Pasal 93 ayat (1).
4) Masa kerja Dewan Sengketa selama masa kontrak atau sampai Dewan
Sengketa dihentikan berdasarkan ketentuan dalam perjanj ian tripartit.
23
Dispute Board (Dewan Sengketa)

Ada 2 jenis Dispute
Board:
Standing Dispute Ad-Hoc Dispute

Board Board
Organisasi internasional yang menyediakan list dari Dewan Sengketa diantaranya

adalah FIDIC List of Adjudicator, Geneva, Switzerland dan DRBF (Dispute Resolution
Board Foundation) Seattle, USA.
Di Indonesia terdapat PADSK (Perkumpulan Ahli Dewan Sengketa Konstruksi

Indonesia) yang merupakan perpanjangan tangan dari DRBF (Dispute Resolution
Board Foundation)
24
Praktik Dewan Sengketa di Indonesia

Tulisan “Use of Dispute Avoidance and
Adjudication Board”
Referensi American Society of Civil Engineer -
Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution
in Engineering and Construction.
Melibatkan BPKP sesuai Amanat Perpres 192
tahun 2014.
Sudah diterapkan beberapa kasus proyek di
Indonesia.
25
Kontrak
Konstruksi

MCIArb, FDSKI (ADR)
Terima Kasih
Dr.Ir. F. Sarwono Hardjomuljadi, MSc, MH

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Aspek Hukum dan

Kontrak – Klaim – Penyelesaian Sengketa

Kontrak Klaim Penyelesaian

Prof. Sarwono Hardjomuljadi

Oliver Simon D’Arcy Hart

In a judgement by Lord Wensleydale in 1861 said—

Prof. Sarwono Hardjomuljadi

Prof. Sarwono Hardjomuljadi

FIDIC Conditions of Contract

FIDIC Conditions of Contract

Prof. Sarwono Hardjomuljadi

FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build,

FIDIC Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects,

FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build,

FIDIC Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects,

Sub-Clause 14.1 The Contract Price

Sub-Clause 14.1 The Contract Price

Prof. Sarwono Hardjomuljadi

Prof. Sarwono Hardjomuljadi

Prof. Sarwono Hardjomuljadi

harus membayar kepada

Enjinir harus melaksanakan apa yang ditugaskan oleh

Kontraktor harus melaksanakan semua pekerjaan yang

This qualification is important in ensuring that the appropriate

Prof. Sarwono Hardjomuljadi

2 The Particular Conditions must be drafted clearly and

All agreements and understandings between the Employer and the

A provision of the GCs is deleted and replaced in the PCs by

3 The Particular Conditions must not change the balance of

Omission of the Contractor’s entitlements for compensation under Red, Yellow

Prof. Sarwono Hardjomuljadi

4 All time periods specified in the Contract for Contract

Requiring the Contractor to give notice of an event or circumstance that

Prof. Sarwono Hardjomuljadi

5 Unless there is a conflict with the governing law of the

The following modifications to the Conditions of Contract

Prof. Sarwono Hardjomuljadi

1) Proses dan putusan Dewan Sengketa didasari pada prinsip keadilan.

3) Dalam hal terdapat keberatan para pihak/salah satu pihak terhadap

Dispute Board (Dewan Sengketa)

Standing Dispute Ad-Hoc Dispute

Organisasi internasional yang menyediakan list dari Dewan Sengketa diantaranya

Di Indonesia terdapat PADSK (Perkumpulan Ahli Dewan Sengketa Konstruksi

Praktik Dewan Sengketa di Indonesia

Prof. Sarwono Hardjomuljadi

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