Orsua, Ana Franchette F.

BSN 2-A
RLE 109
Drug Study

1.Doxycycline
2. Augmentin

Drug Name Classification Mechanism of Therapeutics Effects Nursing

Action Considerations

Generic Name General MOA: Indications: Side effects

Brand Name Specific Contraindications Adverse effects
Appearance Classification
Dosage
Route
Pregnancy Category

Generic Name Tetracyclines Inhibits bacterial Indications: Side Effects:

Doxycycline protein synthesis by ● Rocky Mountain
binding with the 30S ● spotted fever
Brand Name ribosomal subunit. ● typhus fever and the
Vibramycin, Monodox, typhus group,
Acticlate, Atridox, ● Q fever, rickettsialpox,
Avidoxy, Doxy, Doxycin, and tick fevers,
Doryx, Oracea, ● respiratory tract
Periostat, Adoxa, infections,
Ocudox, Doryx MPC ● urinary tract infections.
lymphogranuloma
venereum,
● psittacosis (ornithosis)
Appearance trachoma
● inclusion conjunctivitis
● Report sudden onset
● Blistering, peeling, or
of painful or difficult
loosening of the skin
swallowing promptly
to the physician.
● bloating
● chills
Doxycycline (capsule
and tablet forms) is
● clay-colored stools
● constipation
associated with a
comparatively high
● cough
● dark urine
incidence of
esophagitis, especially
● decreased appetite
in patients >40 y.
● diarrhea
● Report evidence of
● diarrhea, watery and
superinfections
severe, which may also
● Monitor and report
 ● uncomplicated be bloody signs of benign
urethral/endocervical/re ● difficulty with intracranial
ctal infections in adults swallowing hypertension,
● dizziness especially in children.
● fast heartbeat signs include
● feeling of discomfort dizziness, headache,
● fever tinnitus, nausea, and
Available forms: ● headache disturbed vision (e.g.,
50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg ● hives, itching, puffiness blurry or double
capsules, tablets or swelling of the vision).
200 mg injection eyelids or around the ● Photosensitivity
eyes, face, lips, or reactions may occur
Dosage Contraindications: tongue within a few minutes
● Sensitivity to any of the ● hives or welts, itching, to several hours after
● Capsules: tetracyclines or rash exposure and may last
● 50 mg ● use during period of ● increased thirst after therapy ends.
(Monodox, tooth development ● indigestion Discontinue the drug
generic) including last half of ● inflammation of the at first evidence of
● 75 mg pregnancy (category D), joints skin erythema.
(Monodox) ● lactation, infants, and ● joint or muscle pain
children <8 y (causes
● 100 mg permanent yellow
(Monodox, discoloration of teeth,
Vibramycin, enamel hypoplasia, and
generic) retardation of bone
● 150 mg growth)
(Adoxa) ● Allergy to tetracycline
antibiotics
● Use with penicillin or
isotretinoin.

Adverse Effects:
● ​GI: epigastric burning,
abdominal discomfort,
● Syrup: nausea, vomiting,
anorexia, diarrhea,
● 50 mg/5 m esophagitis, esophageal
(Vibramycin) ulcers, dysphagia,
candidal
● Tablet:
superinfections
● 20mg (generic) ● Teeth and bone:
(dose/duration
● 50mg (Adoxa, related) yellow
generic) discoloration of
● 75mg teeth, which
(Acticlate, turns into a
Adoxa, generic) gray-brown
permanent
● 100mg (Adoxa, discoloration,
generic) hypoplasia of
● 150mg enamel, teeth
(Acticlate, demineralization
generic) , skeletal growth
retardation
● Hepatotoxicity:
rare, but fatal;
intrahepatic
cholestasis,
jaundice,
azotemia,
acidosis,
irreversible
shock
● Renal Toxicity:
hyperphosphate
mia, acidosis,
polyuria,
polydipsia
 ● Photosensitivity
and
hyperpigmentati
on: red rash to
blistering on
Route sun-exposed
● Oral areas;
photoallergic
Pregnancy Category: D reactions
manifested by
paresthesias of
hands, feet, nose,
photo-onycholysi
s
● Auditory:
tinnitus, hearing
loss
● Vision: visual
disturbances
● CNS:
lightheadedness,
dizziness, ataxia,
drowsiness,
headache

Generic Name Beta-lactamase Binds to penicillin-binding Indications: Side Effects:

Amoxicillin inhibitors proteins within the bacterial ● Determine previous
cell wall and inhibits ● Upper respiratory tract ● diarrhea hypersensitivity
bacterial cell wall synthesis. infections (including ● nausea reactions to
Brand Name Clavulanic acid is a β-lactam, ENT) e.g. recurrent ● skin rash penicillins,
Augmentin structurally related to tonsillitis, ● vaginitis (caused by cephalosporins, and
penicillin, that may ● Sinusitis problems such as yeast other allergens prior
Appearance inactivate certain ● otitis media. infection) to therapy.
β-lactamase enzyme ● Lower respiratory tract ● vomiting ● Lab tests: Baseline
infections e.g. acute C&S tests prior to
exacerbation of chronic initiation of therapy;
bronchitis, start drug pending
● lobar results.
● Bronchopneumonia. ● Monitor for S&S of an
● UTI is caused by urticarial rash
susceptible strains of (usually occurring
Dosage Adverse Effects:
gram-positive and within a few days after
● GI: Diarrhea, nausea,
gram-negative start of drug)
● immediate-rele vomiting.
organisms. suggestive of a
ase tablet: 250 ● Skin: Rash, urticaria.
hypersensitivity
mg/125 mg, ● Other: Candidal
reaction. If it occurs,
500 mg/125 vaginitis; moderate
look for other signs of
mg, 875 increases in serum ALT,
Contraindication: hypersensitivity
mg/125 mg AST;
(fever, wheezing,
● extended-relea ● Combination shares the glomerulonephritis;
generalized itching,
se tablet: 1,000 toxic potential of agranulocytosis (rare).
dyspnea), and report
mg/62.5 mg ampicillin. to a physician
● liquid ● Hypersensitivity to immediately.
suspension: penicillins ● Note: Generalized,
125 mg/31.25 ● infectious erythematous,
mg per 5 mL, mononucleosis. maculopapular rash
250 mg/62.5 ● Cholestatic (ampicillin rash) is not
mg per 5 mL Jaundice/Hepatic due to
Dysfunction hypersensitivity. It is
Route usually mild, but can
● Oral be severe. Report
onset of rash to
Pregnancy Category: B physician, since
hypersensitivity
should be ruled out.
References:
● Doxycycline - Antibiotic Class. (n.d.). Antimicrobe.org. Retrieved February 20, 2022, from
http://www.antimicrobe.org/drugpopup/doxycycline.htm
● DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATE. (n.d.). RobHolland.com. Retrieved February 20, 2022, from
http://www.robholland.com/Nursing/Drug_Guide/data/monographframes/D077.html
● Durbin, K. (2021, September 30). Doxycycline Uses, Side Effects & Dosage Guide. Drugs.com. Retrieved February 20, 2022, from
https://www.drugs.com/doxycycline.html#what-to-avoid
● Doxycycline - Antibiotic Class. (n.d.). Antimicrobe.org. Retrieved February 21, 2022, from
http://www.antimicrobe.org/drugpopup/doxycycline.htm
● Doxycycline. (2017, December 15). MedlinePlus. Retrieved February 21, 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682063.html
● AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUM. (n.d.). RobHolland.com. Retrieved February 21, 2022, from
http://www.robholland.com/Nursing/Drug_Guide/data/monographframes/A054.html
● Durbin, K. (2020, April 14). Augmentin (Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Warnings). Drugs.com. Retrieved February 21, 2022, from
https://www.drugs.com/augmentin.html#dosage
● Augmentin: Treating Infections, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warnings. (n.d.). RxList. Retrieved February 21, 2022, from
https://www.rxlist.com/augmentin-drug.htm#clinpharm