WATER TANK FOUNDATION 28/02/2022 Pg.

1. FOOTING-001

Footing of steel column Ned-Hed

(EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, EC0 EN1990:2002, )

C25/30 - B500C
quk=1.200N/mm²
Ned=-53kN

0.350

1.000

1.200
0.350

0.350
1.000

Reinforced concrete design

Concrete-Steel class: C25/30-B500C (EC2 §3)

Environmental class : XC1 (EC2 §4.4.1)
Concrete cover : Cnom=25 mm (EC2 §4.4.1)
Concrete weight : 25.0 kN/m³
γc=1.50, γs=1.15 (EC2 Table 2.1N)
fcd=αcc·fck/γc=1.00x25/1.50=16.67 MPa (EC2 §3.1.6)
fctd=αct·fctk0.05/γc=1.00x1.8/1.50=1.20 MPa (EC2 §3.1.6)
fyd=fyk/γs=500/1.15=435 MPa (EC2 §3.2.7)
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm=31.0GPa

1.1. Dimensions, materials, loads

Dimensions
Footing Lx= 1.000 m Ly= 1.000 m
Column cx= 0.350 m cy= 0.350 m
Height of footing h= 0.350 m
Depth of footing hf= 1.200 m

Base area of footing Af= 1.00 m²

Volume of footing Vf= 0.45 m³

Materials of footing
Concrete-Steel class: C25/30-B500C (EN1992-1-1, §3)
Concrete cover: Cnom=25 mm (EC2 §4.4.1)
Effective depth of cross section d=h-d1, d1=Cnom+  (3/2)=25+3x16/2=49mm, d=350-49=301mm
Concrete weight: 25.0 kN/m³
γc=1.50, γs=1.15 (EC2 Table 2.1N)
fcd=αcc·fck/γc=1.00x25/1.50=16.67 MPa (EC2 §3.1.6)
fyd=fyk/γs=500/1.15=435 MPa (EC2 §3.2.7)

Soil
Soil bearing pressure quk= 1.200 N/mm²(MPa)
Unit weight of soil γ= 9.810 kN/m³

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Loads
Self weight of footing (0.10+0.35)x25.00 Gf= 11.25 kN
Soil weight on footing (1.00x1.20-0.45)x9.81 Gs= 7.36 kN
Design Loads
Vertical load downwards Ned= 53.47 kN
Vertical load upwards Ndst,d= 0.00 kN
Horizontal load Hed= 0.00 kN
Moment Med= 0.00 kNm

Eurocode parameters

Check of soil bearing capacity (EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, §6)

Partial factors for actions and soil properties (EC7 Tab. A.1-A.4, EC8-5 §3.1)
Equilibrium limit state (EQU), Structural limit state (STR), Geotechnical limit state (GEO)
( EQU ) (STR/GEO) (STR/GEO)
( A1+M1 ) ( A2+M2 )
Actions Permanent Unfavorable γGdst: 1.10 1.35 1.00
Permanent Favorable γGstb: 0.90 1.00 1.00
Variable Unfavorable γQdst: 1.50 1.50 1.30
Variable Favorable γQstb: 0.00 0.00 0.00

Soil Angle of shearing resistance γφ: 1.25 1.00 1.25

parameters Effective cohesion γc: 1.25 1.00 1.25
Undrained shear strength γcu: 1.40 1.00 1.40
Unconfined strength γqu: 1.40 1.00 1.40
Weight density γw: 1.00 1.00 1.00

γR,v(R1)=1.00, γR,h(R1)=1.00, γR,v(R2)=1.40, γR,h(R2)=1.10, γR,v(R2)=1.00, γR,h(R2)=1.00

Partial safety factors for actions : γG=1.35, γQ=1.50 (EC0 Annex A1)
Combination of accidental actions :(EC7) ψ2 =0.30
Combination of accidental actions :(EC2) ψ2 =0.30

Design of reinforced concrete (EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004)

1.2. Passive earth pressure on the side of the footing (EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, §9.5)

Angle of shearing resistance of ground φd=φk/γM=10.00/1.25=8.00°

Unit weight of soil γk =9.81 kN/m³
Footing depth hf =1.200 m
Footing height h =0.350 m
Footing width By =1.000 m
Coefficient of passive earth pressure Kp =1.323
Earth pressure at the top p1 =9.81x0.850x1.323=11.03kN/m²
Earth pressure at the bottom p2 =9.81x1.200x1.323=15.58kN/m²
Earth force Fprd =0.5x(11.03+15.58)x1.000x0.350=4.66 kN
Point of application of earth force yp=0.431 m

1.3. Sliding resistance forces at footing base (EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, §6.5.3(8))

Angle of shearing resistance of ground δk=10.00°

Vertical load Vd= 53.47+0.90x(11.25+7.36)=70.22kN
Resisting forces due to soil friction Rd
EQU , Rd= Vd·tan(δk/γΜ)=70.22xtan(10.00°/1.25)=9.87 kNm
STR/GEO A1+M1, Rd= Vd·tan(δk)/γΜ=70.22xtan(10.00°)/1.10=11.26 kNm
STR/GEO A2+M2, Rd= Vd·tan(δk/γΜ)=70.22xtan(10.00°/1.25)=9.87 kNm

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WATER TANK FOUNDATION 28/02/2022 Pg. 3

1.4. Failure check against sliding (EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, §6.5.3)

The horizontal force acting outwards, is resisted by the passive earth pressure
acting on the side of the footing, and the friction force at the footing base

Sum of driving forces Hed= 0.00 kN

Sum of resisting forces Hrd= 9.87 + 0.90x4.66= 14.06 kN

Sliding resistance check Hd=0.00kN < Rd=14.06kN, Is verified

1.5. Check stability for forces upwards

Loading (EQU), 0.90xPermanent + 1.50xVariable (EC7 §2.4.7.2)

Vertical forces upwards Ndst,d = 0 kN
Vertical forces downwards Gk =11.25+7.36= 18.61 kN
Holding down forces Nstb,d = γGxGk= 0.90x18.61= 17 kN

Ndst,d=0 kN < 17 kN =Nstb,d, Is verified

1.6. Check of soil bearing capacity (EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, §6)

Loading (EQU, STR/GEO A1+M1, STR/GEO A2+M2), 1.35xPermanent + 1.50xVariable (EC7 §2.4.7.3)
Design Loads
Vertical load at footing bottom Ned= 53.47+1.35x(11.25+7.36) = 78.59kN
Vertical load at footing top Ned1= 53.47+1.35x2.60 = 56.98kN
Moment at footing bottom Med= -0.90x4.66x0.431 = 0.00kNm

relative eccentricity ex/Lx=Myy/(N·Lx)=0.00/(78.59x1.000)= 0.000

Eccentricity ec=0.00/78.59=0.000m, ec<=1.000/6=0.167m
Soil pressure q1=0.079 N/mm² q2=0.079 N/mm²
pressure from self weight q= 10 -3 fx(78.59-56.98)/(1.00x1.000)= 0.022 N/mm²
Effective footing L'=1.000-2x0.000= 1.000 m (EC7 Annex D)
Design effective foundation area A'=1.000x1.000=1.00 m² (EC7 Annex D)
-3
Soil pressure q=Ned/A'=10 fx78.59/(1.00x1.000)=0.079N/mm²
3
Soil bearing capacity Rd=A'·quk/γM=1.000x(10 x1.20)/1.40= 857.14 kN

Ned=78.59kN < 857.14kN =Nrd, Is verified

1.7. Design for bending (EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, §6.1)

Bending at bottom surface

Ed(xx)
M
Med(yy)=1000x(0.079-0.022)x1.000x0.325²/2= 3.01kNm
Med(xx)=0.125x57x1.000x(1-0.350/1.000)² = 3.01kNm M Ed(yy)

Med=3.01kNm, b=1000mm, d=301mm, Kd=17.35, x/d=0.01

εc/εs=0.3/20.0, Ks=2.31, As= 0.23cm²
Minimum reinforcement As>=0.26bd·fctm/fyk (As= 4.07cm²/m) (EC2 §9.3.1)
Minimum reinforcement  ( 4.11cm²/m)

Med=3.01kNm, b=1000mm, d=301mm, Kd=17.35, x/d=0.01

εc/εs=0.3/20.0, Ks=2.31, As= 0.23cm²
Minimum reinforcement As>=0.26bd·fctm/fyk (As= 4.07cm²/m)
Minimum reinforcement  ( 4.11cm²/m)

Reinforcement of footing at bottom surface

Reinforcement in x-x direction:          ( 4.11cm²/m) ,      ( 6.16cm²)
Reinforcement in y-y direction:          ( 4.11cm²/m) ,      ( 6.16cm²)

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Bending at top surface

Med(yy)=0.125x0x1.000x(1-0.350/1.000)² = 0.00kNm
Med(xx)=0.125x0x1.000x(1-0.350/1.000)² = 0.00kNm

Med=0.00kNm, b=1000mm, d=301mm, Kd=0.00, x/d=0.00

εc/εs=0.0/0.0, Ks=0.00, As=*cm²
Minimum reinforcement As>=0.26bd·fctm/fyk (As= 4.07cm²/m) (EC2 §9.3.1)
Minimum reinforcement  ( 4.11cm²/m)

Med=0.00kNm, b=1000mm, d=301mm, Kd=0.00, x/d=0.00

εc/εs=0.0/0.0, Ks=0.00, As=*cm²
Minimum reinforcement As>=0.26bd·fctm/fyk (As= 4.07cm²/m)
Minimum reinforcement  ( 4.11cm²/m)

Reinforcement of footing at top surface

Reinforcement in x-x direction:          ( 4.11cm²/m) ,      ( 6.16cm²)
Reinforcement in y-y direction:          ( 4.11cm²/m) ,      ( 6.16cm²)

1.8. Design for shear (EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, §6.2)

The design for shear is covered by the design in punching shear,

because the critical rupture surface is considered at angle θ=45°, tan(θ)=1

1.9. Design for punching shear (EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, §6.4)

Footing cantilevers in x-x, L1=0.325>d=0.301m, L2=0.325>d=0.301m

Footing cantilevers in y-y, L1=0.325>d=0.301m, L2=0.325>d=0.301m

Control perimeter at 1.0d=0.301m<2.0d (EC2 §6.4.2.2)

We consider rupture surface at angle θ=45°, tan(θ)=1 d
Ucont=(0.350+0.350+0.350+0.350)+3.14x(0.301+0.301)=3.290m
Base area within the control perimeter
Acont=0.350x0.350+0.350x0.602+0.350x0.602+3.14x0.301x0.301=0.83m² A cont
Minimum effective height of footing at control section dm= 301mm U cont

Applied shear force at control perimeter Ved=Ned-σo·Acont, ved=Vedxβ/Ucont

σo=56.98/(1.000x1.000)=56.98 kN/m², β=1.15 (EC2 §6.4.3 Fig.6.21N)
ved=(56.98-56.98x0.83)x1.15/3.290=3.39 kN/m

Tension reinforcement at control section Asxx= 4.11cm²/m, Asyy= 4.11cm²/m

As1²=(Asxx)(Asyy)=4.11x4.11, As1=4.11 cm²

Punching shear capacity without shear reinforcement Vrdc (EC2 §6.4.4)

0.33
Vrdc=[Crdc·k·(100ρ1·fck) ·(2d/a)]·bw·d (EC2 Eq.6.50)
Vrdc>=[vmin·2d/a]·bw·d, d=dm=301mm, a=301mm
Crdc=0.18/γc=0.18/1.50=0.120, fck=25MPa ,bw=1000mm, d=301mm
k=1+  (200/d)<=2, k=1.82 a=d
ρ1=As1/(bw·d)=411/(1000x301)=0.0014
vmin=0.0350·k
1.50
·  fck = 0.43N/mm², (EC2 Eq.6.3N) 45 d dm
Vrd,c(min)=0.001x(0.43x2x301/301)x1000x301=258.86kN/m
0.33
Vrdc=0.001x[0.120x1.82x(0.14x25) x2x301/301]x1000x301=199.62, Vrdc=258.86kN/m
Ved=3.39 kN/m <= Vrdc=258.86 kN/m, shear and punching shear OK

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2. Anchorage of footing reinforcement (EC2 §9.8.2.2, §8.4)

ze NEd
x=h/2=0.175m, R=1000x0.000x0.175x1.000=0.00 kN
e=0.15b=0.052m ze=0.290 m, zi=0.900d=0.271m b
e
Fs=R·ze/zi=0.00x0.290/0.271=0.00 kN Fc
σsd=Fs/As=1000x0.00/616=0 MPa
Fs Fs,maxzi d h
Basic required anchorage length (EC2 Eq.8.3)
lb,rqd=  (σsd/fbd) =(14/4)x(0/2.70)=0mm B
A lb
σsd=435.00x0/616=0MPa fbd=2.25x1.00xfctd=2.70 MPa (EC2 §8.4.2) x
Design anchorage length (EC2 §8.4.4, T.8.2)
R
lbd=1.00x0=0mm, Cnom=25mm<3x14=42mm 
Minimum anchorage length lb,min=max(0.30lbrqd,  ,100mm)=140mm
Necessary anchorage length of longitudinal reinforcement Lbd=140mm =0.140m
lbd=140mm<(x-Cnom)=150.00. Sufficient length is available

3. Reinforcing bar schedule

Num type reinforcing bar [mm] items g/m length weight

[kg/m] [m] [kg]

1 1 940 4 14 1.210 0.940 4.55

2 2 940 4 14 1.210 0.940 4.55

940
3 4 4 14 1.210 0.940 4.55
940
4 5 4 14 1.210 0.940 4.55

Total weight [kg] 18.20

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