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69-343-137 S12-1b FS1000 SC-Series Design Manual
69-343-137 S12-1b FS1000 SC-Series Design Manual
DESIGN MANUAL
SC-SERIES
AS5062-2006
FS1000 PRE-ENGINEERED
FLUORINE FREE FOAM
FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
FOR MOBILE EQUIPMENT
SCOPE
This document provides design rules and information for system selection
for the Sandvik SC-Series pre-engineered foam fire suppression system
for mobile and transportable plant and equipment in accordance with
system capabilities and limitations.
INDEX
Informative note: 4.1ltr/min/m² is a generally recommended foam application rate to effectively suppress a
fire, however this proved to be far too low to pass the indirect fire test as specified in AS5062-2006. Although
the minimum discharge time is 33 seconds, all Sandvik systems are designed for 50 to 60 seconds minimum.
Section 5 contains area coverage limitation tables based on above figures. The tables
show the maximum area coverage of single and multiple tank systems at the required
application rate. Maximum coverage figures in these tables were derived from discharge
time and amount of product discharged during testing. These limitation tables make
system selection and verification relatively simple once the required number of nozzles and
surface area coverage are established.
Each of these steps is important and must be completed to provide the client with the best
possible protection for their particular equipment.
This information is recorded for reference in case any of these factors change in the future
operation of the equipment. Should any of these adverse risk factors change at any time
after installation of the fire suppression system, the fire risk must be re-assessed to
confirm that the fire suppression system installed still provides adequate protection.
This information is recorded for reference in case any of these safeguards are removed or
modified. Should any of these preventive measures change at any time after installation
of the fire suppression system, the fire risk must be re-assessed to confirm that the fire
suppression system installed still provides adequate protection
Determine the probability and enter the respective code into the worksheet (P1 to P5).
Example: For an incident that may occur occasionally, enter P3 in the worksheet.
Please note that the probability can vary from one application to another. Refer back to the
tables you completed earlier in your assessment and consider all adverse factors and
existing preventive measures that you have previously recorded there.
Informative note: A fuel source is only a fire risk if it is near an ignition source - with no
ignition source, a fuel source will just be a leak.
Environmental impact of fire and resultant (potentially toxic) smoke and effluent.
What would be the impact of fire effects (propagation, heat radiation, smoke, etc)?
Could the fire spread to the surrounding area (forest, crops, etc)?
The following table shows the four levels of consequence used for completing this column:
Determine what the consequence is, then enter the code into the worksheet (C1 to C4).
Example: For an incident with critical consequences, enter C2 in the worksheet.
Informative notes: When the consequence is entered into the electronic worksheet (not a
photo copy), the Sandvik form will automatically calculate the inherent risk and complete
Column 4 for you. It will further colour the cell in the respective risk colour for instant
recognition and easier identification of the level risk(s). It uses the same colours as are
shown in the risk assessment matrix in section 3.2.5 overleaf.
The electronic form also copies the probability entry from column 2 to column 6
automatically. These two columns will always be identical. The probability or likelihood of a
fire occurring does not change when a fire system (control) is fitted. Installing a fire system
or providing other means of fire fighting only reduces the consequences, not the probability.
The probability may be reduced by implementing measures such as listed in the preventive
measures table and must be recommended to the equipment owner if they are identified as
potentially beneficial during the course of the assessment (note in Column 9).
The risk factor is determined by reading the established probability down the left side of the
risk assessment matrix, the established consequence across the top of the matrix and
entering the intersecting cell’s risk code into the worksheet (1.1 to 4.3).
Example: An incident with occasional probability (P3) and critical consequence (C2)
intersects at cell 2.2, making this a significant risk. Enter code 2.2 in the worksheet.
This established level of risk determines the level of fire protection that should be
implemented as shown in table below:
The next part is the preliminary fire system design. The system design must be carried out
by the qualified and Sandvik accredited technician (gold card holder) in accordance with
the latest version of this design manual.
Determine the minimum number of nozzles required to protect the identified risk areas.
Important note: This must be based on Sandvik FS1000 pre-engineered fire
suppression system design and limitations (flow rates, maximum spray distance, hose
limitations, etc).
Make a simple plan view sketch of the proposed system layout. This sketch becomes part
of your assessment and should remain included for future reference (later replaced by as-
built drawing once system is installed and commissioned). Mark all nozzle locations in your
sketch and use sequential numbering of nozzles to enable identification of each individual
nozzle. Transfer these same nozzle numbers from your sketch into column 5 of the
respective risk in the worksheet. Nominate how much of the respective risk is covered by
the nozzles as a % figure in brackets after the nozzle numbers.
Note: Take into consideration that the same nozzle may cover multiple identified risks, or
multiple nozzles may cover the one risk.
Example 1: Nozzle number 10 may be directed at the starter motor (full coverage) but
at the same time provide protection for the alternator (also full coverage). Therefore nozzle
10 should be shown in both rows (starter motor & alternator), with the relevant % of the risk
covered, ie in starter motor row enter 10 (100%), and in alternator row enter 10 (100%).
Example 2: Nozzles number 2 and 3 may be directed at the exhaust pipe, with a
combined coverage of 100% of the risk. Therefore nozzles 2 and 3 should be shown in the
exhaust pipe row with the relevant total % of the risk covered, ie enter 2, 3 (100%).
Step 3
Select the appropriate system size based on number of nozzles and area covered.
The relevant reference tables can be found in Section 5 of this manual.
Using table 5.6.1 for a system with a single tank, find your established number of nozzles
down the left side of the table, and then across to the area coverage for that number of
nozzles. You have sufficient nozzles if the area specified in that cell is equal or larger than
your estimate from step 2. If the area specified in that cell is smaller than the estimate from
step 2, then the number of nozzles does not provide enough area coverage. And you need
to increase the number of nozzles until it complies.
Read the size of the tank at the top of that corresponding column. You now have a tank
with a number of nozzles that will cover the given area at the required application rate to
effectively suppress a fire and provide sufficient cooling for post fire protection.
Example: Using table 5.6.1 and the area calculated in example of above step 2, eight (8)
nozzles cover a maximum area of 5.44m² at the required rate. This is larger than the
estimated area (which was 4.88m²), therefore moving up the column from the coverage cell
gives you a 45 litre tank. So the requirement would be a 45 Litre system with 8 nozzles.
For larger systems with more than one tank, the design principle is the same.
Maximum permitted nozzles and area coverage limitations of the various configurations of
multiple tank systems can be found in table 5.7.2.
All the tables are based on standard design and operating parameters.
If there are special conditions that would adversely affect the fire fighting efficiency of a
system (forced ventilation, large openings, long shutdown delay, etc), then the system size
should be adjusted accordingly to compensate. Agent quantity can be increased or
number of nozzles reduced to extend discharge time providing application rate remains
higher than or equal to 7.2 ltr/min/m² (such as 90 second discharge, section 5.9).
Larger equipment leads to larger amounts of oil and fuel required for operation and as a
result has considerably increased fire risk. Whereas in the past most systems installed
were single tank arrangements, we now experience more and more situations where we
need to fit multiple tanks to cover the identified risk areas. As the equipment size grows, so
does the liability should something go wrong. It is therefore very important that these types
of systems are designed according to risk and with all the system limitations in mind.
The FS1000 system has certain limitations that must be taken into consideration when
designing a system with multiple tanks. For starters, same as for a single tank system, we
need to follow a basic set of steps to produce a professional system installation:
Aesthetics
All these factors are the same as they would be for a single tank system. There are
however specific limitations when we look at multiple tanks and large risk areas that need
to be protected.
Same as a single tank system, all of the extremely high and significant risks (as per risk
assessment) must be covered by the spray of the nozzles.
You will have a large number of nozzles for these big systems and connecting them all up
is not always easy. We still need to work on the principle of a ring main to ensure that a
single accidentally crushed hose does not render the system ineffective.
Best system performance is achieved if you have a separate ring main for each of the
tanks and just hook all the heads up to a connecting activation circuit, i.e. activation of any
device triggers discharge of all tanks. This is the best option as we effectively have
individual single systems combined that are to cover a large area without the limitations
posed by having multiple tanks feeding into the one ring main. This should always be
your first choice. If this is not practical, then there are some design limitations and factors
you must take into consideration in your system design and certain rules must be followed.
3.4.1 RULE 1
The activation line connecting to the tanks must not terminate at the last tank. The
line must continue and connect back into the activation circuit to form a loop.
Explanation: With a system that has multiple tanks hooked up in series, a blockage in the
activation line between tanks would result in the tank(s) after the blockage not discharging
when the system is activated. If this was to occur during operation after the system was
recharged, that blockage would prevent the gas from being vented to activate the
discharge, or if the blockage was present at the time of charging, it would not be possible to
pressurise the end tank(s).
We therefore provide a backup line so the gas can vent from the tanks in either direction.
3.4.2 RULE 2
If you have two tanks feeding into the same ring main, you cannot have double the
number of nozzles that you could fit to a single tank.
Explanation: When multiple tanks feed into same ring main, they tend to fight each other
during the discharge as the rate of flow and drop of pressure varies from one head to the
next. The “faster” unit is effectively being re-pressurised by the other, which results in a
loss of effectiveness and needlessly extends the discharge time.
What if you DO have two tanks into one ring main?
If this is how the system has to be installed, then refer to table 5.2.1 in Section 5.2 of this
manual for the system size limits for multiple tank systems.
Example: A single 110 litre system can have 14 nozzles fitted.
A twin 110 litre system with a ring main for each tank (not connected in any way) can have
a maximum of 28 nozzles fitted (2 x 14).
A twin 110 litre system with a common ring main can only have 27 nozzles.
3.4.3 RULE 3
Multiple tanks connected to a common ring main must all be the same size.
Explanation: If you have multiple tanks into one ring main, they must all be the same
size, otherwise you will have even worse system performance than if they were the same
size as already mentioned in the explanation of Rule 2.
The pressure in all the tanks is the same, so the rate of discharge is similar, but the smaller
tank(s) will be the first to be empty. Once empty, the larger tank(s) will try to push product
back into the empty smaller tank(s).
What if I need to fit different size tanks?
This can be done, but only if each of the tanks has its own independent ring main.
This way there is no physical connection between the discharge lines and it does not
matter if the smaller tank(s) are fully discharged a little earlier. You can also size the ring
mains and numbers of nozzles for the given tank sizes in such a way that the discharge
time of the two different size tanks is very similar.
Example: You have a 45 litre tank with a ring main around the engine and a 25 litre tank to
cover the hydraulics area. Each tank has to have a ring main of its own.
If you have 8 nozzles on the 45 litre tank and 4 nozzles on the 25 litre tank, both systems
would finish discharging around the same time. Even if they do not, it would not matter
because they act as independent systems as far as the discharge is concerned.
3.4.4 RULE 4
Multiple tanks must operate as one complete fire suppression system.
Explanation: When you do have multiple tanks, these must be connected to one common
activation line and discharge as one system. Separate activation points for independent
sections of a fire system are dangerous. You never know where the fire will start, or if the
operator will activate the correct part of the system.
No diversion valves are to be fitted to give selected area discharge.
What if the customer insists on having a split system?
The customer is asking you to have a valve installed that will allow him to divert the flow of
the system either to the engine bay or the rear brakes, which ever may be on fire.
This is one of those situations where you will have to refuse politely. This type of
arrangement poses an unacceptable risk. The same applies to having a separate
activation module for each of the tanks in a multiple tank system.
In an emergency, when the operator is most concerned in getting off the burning vehicle
alive, you can almost bet on the fact that it will be spraying foam into the wrong section of
the machine, potentially resulting in a total loss of the equipment.
In cases like this, exactly the same as if your customer was asking you to install a 45 litre
system despite the fact that your fire risk assessment determined that the minimum
required tank size was 110 litres, you have to refuse!
If the purchaser or end user insists that you to proceed regardless, then you need to
get a client representative (in authority position) to sign a disclaimer to that effect.
3.4.5 RULE 5
Each tank on a common ring main must connect directly into the ring main.
Explanation: In our pre-engineered system design, each tank on its own is capable of
driving a certain number of nozzles over a given period of time and area, which gives us
our required application rate.
To maintain the design criteria, two tanks into one ring main must connect to opposite
sides of the ring main so that they effectively each feed their own half of the nozzles. In
this way, there is little difference in the discharge time or application rate and the
extinguishing agent is distributed evenly to all the nozzles.
What if I connect 2 tank outlets together and just run one hose (-12) to the ring main?
This would be much simpler to install and definitely be a more visually pleasing way of
hosing, however this can create dangerously low application rates.
The system design is such that the cross sectional area of the main delivery line (-12 hose)
is twice that of our ring main lines (-8 hose), which gives us minimal pressure loss when we
feed into the ring main. When we connect multiple lines together, we do not get the foam
into the ring main much faster than we would with a single tank, so what we are effectively
doing is extending the discharge time as if we had a twice as larger tank. Pressure is
not doubled and flow rate into the ring main does not increase through only a single hose.
But a longer discharge time is always appreciated by the customer!
A longer discharge time is only good to a certain point. Once you go past this “point”, the
system performance declines rapidly and eventually becomes totally ineffective.
This may not be visually evident and discharge still “looks” good, but only a verification of
the application rate can prove that the system applies sufficient foam to effectively
suppress and ultimately extinguish a fire.
How do I verify that application rate?
The basic procedure is shown further on in this manual. It explains how you can calculate
the application rate for any system with a simple formula.
All you need for this calculation are the following:
Total amount of foam discharged (in litres)
Effective system discharge time (in seconds)
Total system area coverage (in square metres)
This applies to any fire system, regardless of size, number of nozzles or tanks.
For details refer to section 4.0 Verification of system application rate in this manual.
Final confirmation of system design is actual system application rate.
System performance cannot be compromised by installation practices, visually
pleasing layout or client requests that unnecessarily extend the discharge time at the
cost of the application rate or contradict the pre-engineered principles of the FS1000
fire suppression system in any way.
The plastic activation module part number 69-344-700 is only suitable for closed
cabins. For open cabins and external mounting locations, only metal activation
modules part number 69-344-650 shall be used.
Remove the base of the module box by taking out the retaining screws, then bolt the
module frame in place. Orientation and location of the module assemblies should be in
such a way that there is unrestricted access to the retaining screws for servicing of
the valve.
Fit vent line extension to the outlet side of the valve on the activation module in
cabin. External activation modules generally do not require a vent line extension.
Re-assemble activation modules.
Do not fit the anti-tamper ties to the module handles at this stage. They are put in
place once the system has been fully commissioned and charged.
AUTO DETECTION
The auto-detect installation pack is supplied with 5 metres (16.4 feet) of detection tube.
The tube is to be fitted in fire risk area in accordance with findings of fire risk assessment.
The detection tube length used in the activation circuit must be in accordance with the
limits specified in section 5.3 of this manual. Multiple detection tubes can be fitted,
providing total length of tube does not exceed the limits specified in Section 5.3.
Fit tee into activation line and run normal -4 hose to the edge of the fire risk area. From
this point onward, fit the detection tube.
The detection tube can be fitted in line with the activation circuit or be terminated with a
cap at the end of the tube (as supplied with standard installation pack).
Detection tube must be installed fixed so that it does not move during normal operation
of the equipment. Loops required across hinge or articulation points must be run with
hose. Continued flexing of the detection tube can weaken the tube and will cause
inadvertent system activation if it fails.
Activation temperature of the detection tube is approximately 150°C (302°F) at system
operating pressure. Therefore you need to keep the detection tube away from hot
areas such as turbo, exhaust manifold etc. Remember that it is designed to melt in a
fire to activate the system. Fitting it too close to areas that radiate heat during normal
operation of the equipment may cause inadvertent activation of the system (you will
be called back to fix it). A minimum distance of approximately 300mm (12”) is
recommended for these areas. The distance should be such that you could hold your
hand in the tube location without getting burnt from the radiating heat.
As with any other part of the activation circuit, select the shortest practical route
possible and avoid kinking, loops, tight bends, sharp edges, etc.
Secure the detection tube at regular intervals with the hose saddles and grommets
supplied with the installation package.
The tube must be secured at intervals of no more than 400mm (16”).
Bends in the detection tube must have a minimum bend radius 75mm (3”).
PRESSURE SWITCHES
The twin pressure switch assembly is supplied as an installation pack, including all
mechanical parts required. Locate the switch assembly as close as practical to the
electrical equipment it will be wired into.
Cut the activation line, fit the twin pressure switch tee in line and secure the tee with the
bracket provided.
Consider accessibility for later inspection or switch replacement. A good place would
be in the equipment cabin, where the switch is not continually exposed to the elements.
Fit the operator notice label in a clearly visible location in the operator’s cabin.
Electrical work (wiring) MUST be carried out by qualified electrician (switch may
be wired into alarm, timer, engine shutdown as required). Standard switch can be wired
to 12 or 24 Volt DC system.
SOLENOID VALVE
The solenoid valve is supplied as an installation pack and includes all mechanical parts
required for installation.
Locate the solenoid valve as close as practical to electrical equipment it will be wired
into, and accessible for future servicing.
Cut the activation line and fit as shown in technical manual 69-343-136.
Electrical work (wiring) MUST be carried out by qualified electrician. The standard
pack No. 69-344-320 is suitable for 24V only. A 12V coils is available on special
request, but must be ordered prior to installation.
The hose length used in the discharge circuit must be in accordance with the limits
specified in Section 5.3 of this manual.
As little as possible Loctite 569 should be used in the discharge side of the system.
Only use it to secure the nozzle position, and only apply a single small drop to the
male thread on the nozzle (none on female thread). Excess Loctite tends to collect in
fittings or nozzles and cause blockages.
All areas identified as a risk in your fire risk assessment must be covered. This
generally will include electrical ignition points such as starter motor, alternator, battery;
other ignition points such as turbo, exhaust manifolds and other areas of high heat
generation; fuel sources such as fuel lines, hydraulic lines and pumps, as well as areas
where fuel may accumulate, and any other risk areas identified by your assessment.
Aim the nozzles to cover the potential risk areas. Allow for the nozzle spray cones to
overlap so you have full area coverage.
Secure all ring main hosing at regular maximum 1 metre (39”) intervals with hose
saddles provided in the installation package (nozzle mounting brackets are also
considered a secure attachment point).
Now that installation is complete, the system must be tested & commissioned.
It is imperative that all system functions and optional extras fitted are tested on completion
of your installation. This is as much a verification of your installation as it is part of your
system commissioning.
If you are not the person that has installed the system, then you will need to carry out all of
the testing as part of your commissioning, unless you can verify with the installer that he
has already done so.
Once you sign the bottom of the certificate, you certify that the system is fully functional and
ready to go into service. You can only do so confidently if you have tested all of the system
functions, including operation of such options as pressure switches, alarm, engine
shutdown, etc.
In order to do so, ALL ELECTRICAL WORK NEEDS TO BE COMPLETED by the
electrician, BEFORE YOU CAN COMMISSION THE SYSTEM.
Follow the check list below and record the relevant checks and information on your
commissioning certificate as you complete them:
Check that the tank is mounted securely, accessible for servicing and the bracket is
bolted or welded in place. Tank orientation preferably vertical.
Check that all hoses installed are the correct size and within length limitations.
Check that all hoses are secured and clamped in place leaving no loose loops.
Check that none of the hoses run over sharp edges or corners.
Check the tank and head assembly serial numbers and record them on the
commissioning sheet.
Check the tank size and number of nozzles – as per risk assessment and system
limitations stated in Section 5 of this manual.
Check that the nozzles are installed in the form of a ring main.
Check that there are no spur lines off the ring main and that any loop connects back
into the ring main.
Check that all the nozzle mounting brackets are secured and that the nozzles are
aimed at the intended target.
Check that the activation modules are strategically located and accessible for easy
operation and servicing (with sufficient clearance for operating the handle).
Check that the activation module mounting frames are secure.
Check that all pressure indicators fitted are clearly visible.
Check that all safety valves and charging connections have caps fitted.
Check that all notices and instruction labels are in place and clearly legible.
Check that all options are fitted as specified in the system documentation, ie risk
assessment, customer order, quotation, shipping dockets, etc.
Check that auto-detect tube is installed correctly and located at least 300mm (12”)
away from any hot surfaces.
Check that the check valve of the flushing line (if fitted) is facing the correct way with
the cast arrow on the valve pointing toward the ring main (free flow into ring main).
Charge the system with foam concentrate and water, in accordance with the
recharging instructions in the Service manual number 69-343-136.
Fit the plastic caps to all the nozzles.
Fit anti-tamper seals to the valve handles on the activation modules.
Punch hole in service tag to mark date of commissioning and attach tag to tank handle.
Explain system operation to the client. Give the client the laminated system operation
card and tell him that this card should be left in the cabin for the equipment operator.
Explain the parts and service manual and ensure that it is left with the client.
Explain the service and maintenance requirements of the system to the client.
Explain the warranty conditions to the client.
Fill out the remainder of the commissioning sheet. Please complete all sections.
Please advise client that date of commissioning is the start of the warranty period.
This example system complies as the discharge rate is higher than the required minimum.
Note: The rule for number of nozzles is simple. Multiple tanks with individual ring mains
each are multiple single system quantities. Multiple tanks into same ring main is single
system quantity for first tank plus single quantity less 1 nozzle for each additional tank (say
3 x 110L into one ring main = 14+13+13 = 40 total).
From a system performance point of view, the preference is always for multiple tank
systems where each tank has a separate ring main and the only physical connection
between the tanks is the activation line. Effectively it is multiple single systems combined
into one large system via the common activation circuit.
NOTE: If you do not need the maximum number of nozzles to cover the risks that you have identified in your
fire risk assessment, then only fit the number you actually need. Fewer nozzles on the same size system
over the same surface area will extend your cooling period and therefore improve your post fire protection.
The figures in the table above are maximum limits and preference would be not to design every installation to
the limit, ie leave yourself a safety margin to play with in case your commissioning test shows insufficient
coverage of your hazards and a requirement for additional nozzle(s) to be fitted.
5.6.2 NOTES (MAXIMUM AREA COVERAGE OF SINGLE TANK SYSTEMS TABLE 5.6.1)
System sizes with red shaded cells in table 5.6.1 do not meet minimum system
application rate requirement of 7.2 ltr/min/m² (or 50 second minimum discharge time).
The top row of the table shows the minimum area a single nozzle can cover at the required
application rate based on the maximum size system with maximum number of nozzles.
Fitting fewer nozzles than the maximum permitted increases the application rate and
discharge time, but reduces your maximum system area coverage. However, for the
purpose of this table and to make calculation of other size systems easier, the figure
specified for the single nozzle is a fixed area that will guarantee you a minimum system
application rate of 7.2 ltr/min/m² (all limitations considered).
For systems that require a discharge time in excess of 90 seconds see section 5.9.
Each nozzle
can cover 0.71 m² 0.68 m² 0.68 m² 0.68 m² 0.70 m² 0.71 m²
Maximum area a single nozzle can cover at a minimum application rate of 7.2 ltr/min/m².
Table 5.7.2 for multiple tank systems is based on these individual nozzle capabilities.
It shows area coverage limits for the largest permitted system sizes only. The intersecting
cells show the maximum area that can be covered by the respective size system and the
given maximum number of nozzles of that system (nozzles in brackets).
Table 5.7.2 shows all variations, including large systems with multiple small tanks. In
reality, it is very unlikely that you will ever design a system that contains more than two 25
or 35 litre tanks. In most cases it is only the 65 litre, 80 litre and 110 litre tanks that are
used in systems with more than 3 tanks combined.
THE PREFERENCE IS ALWAYS TO HAVE AS FEW TANKS AS POSSIBLE.
Rather than fitting a twin system with say 45 litre tanks for example, fit the next larger single
tank if it is capable of protecting the given area with the number of permitted nozzles.
Each nozzle
can cover 0.71 m² 0.68 m² 0.68 m² 0.68 m² 0.70 m² 0.71 m²
Maximum area a single nozzle can cover at a minimum application rate of 7.2 ltr/min/m².
Example :
A twin system with two 110 litre tanks feeding into one ring main only requires 20 nozzles
(instead of the maximum 27 permitted according to table 5.7.2) to effectively protect the
identified risks on the equipment. The assessed estimated area coverage is 13.5 m².
The maximum area this 20 nozzle twin 110L system can protect is:
20 (nozzles) multiplied by 0.71m² (from above table) = 14.20 m²
As the assessed estimated risk area does not exceed the calculated limit, the 110L x 20
nozzle system is adequate for protection of this risk.
As mentioned previously, fitting fewer nozzles than the pre-engineered maximum will
increase the system discharge time and application rate, but will reduce the area that the
system can cover. If the estimated number of nozzles can not cover the estimated area,
then the number of nozzles must be increased. If in doubt, please ask.
Maximum nozzles for 2 tanks (twin system) with single common ring main 11 13 17
Maximum nozzles for 2 tanks (twin system) each tank with independent ring main 12 14 18
Maximum nozzles for 3 tank system with single common ring main 16 19 25
Maximum nozzles for 3 tank system each tank with independent ring main 18 21 27
Maximum nozzles for 4 tank system with two common ring mains (2 tanks each) 22 26 34
Maximum nozzles for 4 tank system each tank with independent ring main 24 28 36
Maximum nozzles for 6 tank system with 2 common ring mains (3 tanks each) 32 38 50
Maximum nozzles for 6 tank system with 3 common ring mains (2 tanks each) 33 39 51
Maximum nozzles for 6 tank system each tank with independent ring main 36 42 54
Maximum nozzles for 8 tank system with 3 common ring mains (2+3+3 tanks) 43 51 67
Maximum nozzles for 8 tank system with 4 common ring mains (2 tanks each) 44 52 68
Maximum nozzles for 8 tank system each tank with independent ring main 48 56 72
Same as the normal system design, the 90 second discharge system preference is
always to have multiple tank systems where each tank has a separate ring main.
NOTE: You don’t have to fit the maximum number of nozzles on every installation. Only fit the number you
need to cover the risks that you have identified in your fire risk assessment. Fewer nozzles on the same size
system over the same surface area will extend your cooling period and therefore improve your post fire
protection. The figures in the table above are maximum limits and preference would be not to design every
installation to the absolute limit. If you leave yourself a safety margin to play with and your commissioning test
shows insufficient coverage of your hazards, you have that spare additional nozzle(s) you can fit.
Just a reminder: When you commission a system using water only, don’t panic if you do not achieve the 90
seconds. Foam discharges at a slower rate and 84 seconds with water is equivalent to 90 seconds with foam.
* Length of auto detect and activation line : Figures in above table are average lengths
in relation to the system size. The total combined length of the activation circuit shall
not exceed 70 metres, but should be kept as short as practical regardless of this large
limit. Exceedingly long activation hosing will give you a delay in system activation.
Distance from the tank(s) to the furthest activation point shall not exceed 50 metres.
Informative note: FS1000 system activation was successfully tested with a length of 70m hose between the
tank and activation module (2 second activation delay).
Note: For systems with multiple tanks that have an independent ring main each, limits are
multiples of the single tank figures in the first 3 rows of the above table.
Example: Twin 80L system with independent ring mains for each tank can have 8m of ring
main hose per tank, therefore 16m in total (versus 15m for common single ring main).
Elbows create a pressure drop equivalent to a 1 metre length of hose, so if you fit additional
elbows (69-335-537) into the ring main, you must reduce the length of hose given it the
table above by 1 metre for each elbow. Alternatively, fewer elbows will permit more hose.
Example: A single 110L system that uses 5 instead of the permitted 3 elbows must have a
2m shorter ring main, therefore 8m instead of 10m of hose (1m less per extra elbow).
8 nozzles 5.20 m²
9 nozzles 5.85 m²
10 nozzles RED CELLS ARE SYSTEMS WITH LESS THAN 90 SECONDS DISCHARGE TIME
Note : The largest system for each tank in above table (yellow cells) is designed to give a minimum discharge time of 90 seconds.
System sizes with red shaded cells in the above table have the required application rate
but will not give you 90 seconds minimum discharge time.
5.9.10 SYSTEM AREA COVERAGE FOR MULTIPLE TANK SYSTEMS (90 seconds)
To simplify area coverage calculation for multiple tank systems, the coverage capability per
nozzle was established. Individual nozzle figures as per table below can be used to
determine the maximum area any given size system can cover at a minimum system
application rate of 7.2 ltr/min/m² as per our system Active Fire listing.
Maximum area per nozzle at minimum application rate of 7.2 ltr/min/m² (for 90 second systems).
Due to small variations in the hydraulic characteristics of the different size tanks, this area
is not exactly the same for every size tank. The total area a system can cover is the
number of nozzles multiplied by the minimum area that a single nozzle can protect at the
required application rate.
Example : A system with two 110 litre tanks and 14 nozzles covers an estimated area
of 8.5 m². The maximum area this 14 nozzle twin 110L system can protect is:
14 (nozzles) multiplied by 0.65 m² (from above table) = 9.10 m²
As the calculated limit exceeds the estimate, the 110L x 14 nozzle system is
adequate for protection of the risk in this example.
Remember: Fitting fewer nozzles will increase the system discharge time and application
rate, but also reduces the area that the system can cover. If the estimated number of
nozzles cannot cover the estimated area, then the number of nozzles must be increased.
IF IN DOUBT ... PLEASE ASK
5.9.12 AREA COVERAGE LIMITS FOR MULTIPLE TANK SYSTEMS (90 seconds)
Table below is based on individual nozzle capabilities and shows area coverage limits for
the largest permitted system sizes. The intersecting cells show the maximum area that can
be covered by the respective system based on using the maximum number of nozzles
permitted (maximum nozzle quantity given in brackets).
See section 5.9.10 for area coverage calculation of smaller system sizes that are not listed in this table.
Note: If you do not fit the maximum number of nozzles (system limits in table above), then the area coverage
given in the table above is also reduced.
Complete assembly
(tank, head, bracket) 41 63 74 96 121.5 142
charged mass in kilograms
The yellow cells in above table 5.10.3 show the mass of a fully charged assembly that
must be considered in the structural design of any intended tank mounting location on the
equipment. The mass shown includes the complete tank assembly with all components,
tank mounting bracket and contents as per above table 5.10.2.
The tank ullage space (blue cells of above table 5.10.4) is filled with compressed Nitrogen
as a discharge propellant. When the Nitrogen is released to atmosphere (system is
activated), it expands back to its original uncompressed volume. At the lowest system
operating pressure of 1400 kPa (203 PSI), this expanded volume is equivalent to the
figures given in the yellow cells above. When compared to the tank volume (table 5.10.1),
the available volume of compressed gas is considerably larger. Although this may seem
excessive, it ensures good discharge pressure right up to end of effective discharge period.
6.1 GENERAL
Having a fixed fire suppression system fitted does not cancel the requirements of having
portable (hand held) fire extinguishers fitted to mobile equipment.
Portable extinguishers are essential to the operator in case he needs to clear a path to get
off the equipment, to combat potential spot fires outside the protected envelope of the fixed
fire system and to assist with post fire protection in case of re-ignition.
Equipment controlled by an operator – MUST have portable extinguishers fitted.
Equipment NOT controlled by an operator must be assessed on an individual basis.
Consider fitting portable extinguishers. Mobile equipment without an operator is generally
unattended and by the time a fire is evident, any extinguishers mounted to the equipment
itself may not be accessible. Recommend to client for portable extinguishers to be fitted in
the vicinity of the equipment, away from the immediate fire risk area.
6.3 SELECTION
Recommended minimum requirements shall be recorded in the system design specification
(Sandvik document 69 343 138 - page 2 of the system design section).
Most regulatory requirements are based on the kW rating of the equipment engine as this
generally relates to the size of the equipment and the potential fire risk. As mentioned in the
introduction to this section, whatever is recommended shall not be less than the
requirements of the regulatory authority having jurisdiction.
Note:
Number and recommended location of portable extinguishers for larger equipment should
be determined according to the requirements in section 6.4 of this manual and the risk that
was established in the equipment fire risk assessment. Large and complex equipment may
require installation of additional portable extinguishers.
6.4 LOCATION
It is important that no extinguisher is located in a position where access could be a hazard
to the potential user. Do not locate units near the immediate fire risk area.
All requirements listed in section 6.5 of this manual must be taken into consideration when
selecting a suitable location for any portable extinguishers.
Preferred location is along normal paths of travel on the equipment (walkways, platforms,
stairways) and at every normal and alternate exit point.
One DCP extinguisher must be located within reach of the equipment operator. Preference
is for this medium size extinguisher to be in the cabin of the equipment and readily
available to the operator in the event of an emergency. If mounting in the cabin is not
practical (space constraints or obstruction), then it should be located in close proximity, no
further than 1 metre (40”) from the driver seat, along the exit path of the operator. This
applies to all installations, regardless of the size of the equipment.
One DCP extinguisher must be located at the normal exit point of the operator, generally
where the equipment isolation switch is located. It must be accessible from ground level,
without the need to climb up onto the equipment. The top of the extinguisher should be no
more than 1.2 metres (4 feet) above ground level for ergonomic access.
For larger equipment with multiple exit points, there should be a DCP or Foam extinguisher
at each of the exit points from the equipment. If at all possible, these should be accessible
from ground level. On very large equipment they should be mounted at the lowest fixed
point of any exit path.
There should be additional extinguishers available along the normal travel or exit path(s).
The maximum travel distance from any point on the equipment to the nearest available
portable extinguisher shall not exceed 5 metres (16.4 feet). On very large equipment, these
additional extinguishers are generally located at the top of ladders or stairs along the exit
path.
As most of the large mobile equipment has extensive amounts of flammable liquids on
board, it is recommended that at least one Foam extinguisher is available, accessible from
ground level. On large equipment, additional foam extinguishers may be beneficial, located
at a safe distance from the engine bay where a fuel fire is most likely to occur.
6.5 INSTALLATION
The following installation requirements apply to all portable extinguishers:
All extinguishers shall be conspicuous and readily accessible.
No extinguisher shall obstruct the view or exit path of the equipment operator.
All extinguishers shall be installed using a heavy duty vehicle mounting bracket.
All extinguishers shall have a discharge hose fitted.
No extinguisher shall restrict or obstruct servicing access to the equipment.
All extinguishers shall be in protected locations to minimise physical damage.
All extinguisher pressure indicators shall be clearly visible for pressure checks.
6.6 MAINTENANCE
All future maintenance shall be in accordance with Australian Standard AS1851.
LATEST REVISION:
4th Edition - 2014 release of manual:
Cover page, Copyright (page 2) and footers on all pages updated to 4th Edition, 2014 release.
Cover page – Manual title (new foam) and SAI Global QA logo updated.
Page 5 – Paragraph 5, sentence 2 – Sandvik FRA facilitation changed from <should> to <must>.
Pages 5 to 13 – Sections 3.1 and 3.2 Complete Fire Risk Assessment sections updated to
correspond with latest Sandvik electronic FRA form and terminology. Pictures updated accordingly.
Page 13 onward - Revision of FRA has added one additional page. Page numbers updated.
Page 30 – Terminology change - Schematic changed to interface diagram. Clarification added.
Final documentation package text reviewed and updated.
Pages 32, 38, 43 and 44 – FireAde and AFFF references removed or changed to “approved foam”.
Page 42 – Text correction of bullet point 6 in design rules reminder. Word <not> added.
Personal Notes Page - Page moved to end of manual. Extra page added.
Back page – Updated with latest Sandvik Authorised Service Centres relating to Fire Protection.
PRIOR REVISIONS:
Refer to next pages for previous revisions.
PRIOR REVISIONS:
3rd Edition - 2012 release of manual:
Review of complete manual (consistency, spelling, grammar and formatting – some minor changes).
Cover page, Manual Index (page 2) and Copyright (page 3) updated to 3rd Edition, 2012 release.
Cover page and page header - Emphasis on SC-Series (not FS1000), clear identification of AS5062
compliant systems and related documentation.
Complete manual – Alternative units (PSI, Degrees Fahrenheit) added for international markets.
Complete manual - 20 Litre systems discontinued - All references removed from this manual.
Section 5.1, Page 31 – ANFO system requirements added (plated brass).
Page 24 and Table 5.4.1 – Hose bend radius updated for -8 and -12 hoses as per supplier advice.
Table 5.6.1 - 90 second discharge time cross reference to new section 5.9 added.
Pages 35 and 36 – Error correction tables 5.7.1 and 5.8.1. “Minimum” changed to “Maximum”.
Page 37 onward – New section (5.9) inserted with regards to systems that have a 90 second
discharge time requirement. Existing section 5.9 is now section 5.10.
Back pages – Updated with latest Sandvik Authorised Service Centres relating to Fire Protection.
Full manual - All company references changed from SMC Adelaide Ltd to SMC Australia Pty Ltd.
Cover page - Updated to 2nd Edition, May 2010 release.
Page 2 - Copyright updated to “2010 Sandvik”.
Page 3 - Index updated (page references updated according to changes).
Page 31 – Section 5.1, first bullet point - Sub-zero reference changed to freezing conditions.
Page 32 - Table 5.2.1 updated - 35L and 80L system limits added.
Page 33 - Table 5.3.1 updated - 35L and 80L system limits added. Text and formatting updated
Page 33 - Row reference in note text updated (first 5 rows changed to first 7 rows).
Page 34 - Table 5.6.1 updated - 35L and 80L system limits added. Table title updated.
Page 35 - Table 5.7.1 updated - 35L and 80L system limits added.
Page 35 & 36 - Table 5.7.2 updated - 35L and 80L system limits added. Table title updated.
Page 36 - Table 5.8.1 updated - 35L and 80L system limits added.
Page 36 – Example relating to Table 5.8.1 updated – Estimated area added. Additional comments.
Page 37 - Tables 5.9.1 to 5.9.4 updated - 35L and 80L system limits added.
Page 37 – Table 5.9.4 – Nitrogen reserve row of table removed for clarity. Was misleading.
Text below table updated accordingly.
Page 43 – Page added to revisions section 7 for 2nd Edition changes.
Back page – Changed from single page to 2 pages with international as a separate page.
Sections 3.1 to 3.3 expanded – additional info and details (FRA form 69 343 138).
Sections 3.5.1, 3.5.2 and 3.5.3 expanded – additional references and details.
Page 32 – Nozzle elbow qty in table 5.3.1 updated – tested to allow 1 per nozzle.
Page 33 - Table 5.6.1 “DO NOT USE” and 90 second discharge time notes added.
Page 34 – Notes regarding Table 5.6.1 updated with reference to shaded cells.
Back cover – Mt Isa phone and fax numbers updated, Singleton address updated.
For advice, service inquiries and locations of approved dealers contact any of the
Sandvik Mining and Construction Australia Pty Ltd service workshops below.
PERTH
15 Magnet Road
CANNING VALE WA 6155
Phone: (08) 9334 4100
Fax: (08) 9455 6800
AUTHORISED DEALER