Chapter 23 Assessment page: 690

9. d
10. a
11. c
12. c
13. the root hairs are important as they greatly increase the
surface area for absorbing water and minerals.
14. water and inorganic minerals (macronutrients + trace
elements).
15. minerals move into the plant root by active transport,
water follows by osmosis. This generates pressure at the
base of the plant’s body (near the vascular cylinder of the
roots). Root pressure is particularly important to move water
and minerals from the soil into the plant’s roots and up into
the body of the plant.
16. without the Casparian strip, water could flow out of the
xylem and may leak out of the plant’s roots. In addition, the
control over what can enter the plant’s body would be lost.

18. a
19. d
20. from the cork cambium.
21. monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles
throughout the stem; in dicots, the vascular bundles are
arranged in a ring-like pattern.

25. c
26. c
27. the epidermis and cuticle are layers of dermal tissue
which form the outer covering of the plant’s leaves; they
protect the leaf, allow sunlight absorption, and limit water
loss.
28. regulation of stomata allows gas exchange between the
plant and the environment without excessive water loss.
29. a cactus plant has spine-like leaves that are non-
photosynthetic and protect the plant from herbivores; the
stem carries out photosynthesis and stores water.
A conifer has narrow leaves with waxy epidermis and sunken
stomata that reduce water loss.
30. stomata open when the air is cool and moist because the
intensity of sunlight is low, and the transpiration rate is low.
In hot, dry air, stomata close because the intensity of sunlight
is high, to prevent excessive water loss by transpiration.
31. d
32. b
33. a
34. the main function of phloem is to transport sugars
throughout the plant’ from the source cell to the sink cell.
35. source cells are located where photosynthesis takes
place; where the sugars are made.
Sink cells are those cells that either use or store the sugars.
36. Transpirational pull would be stronger on a hot, dry day
because water loss from stomata would be greater (until the
stoma start to close in response).
37. springtime is when maple trees are removing stored
sugars from their roots and transporting sugar-rich fluids to
their stems and leaves.
38. between 12:30 and 3:30 pm
39. About 35-37 grams of water loss/2 hours.
40. as transpiration increases, the water intake also
increases. This is because when the plant loses more water, it
absorbs more water from the soil to replace the loss.
As transpiration decreases, the plant loses less water and it
absorbs less water.
41. c
42. b