REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign Literature

An essay is a piece of writing that expresses the author's thoughts, feelings, or

arguments (Bhasin, 2019).

In addition, the essay is a brief piece of nonfiction, and an essayist is someone

who writes essays. An essay is frequently used as a synonym for composition in writing

training (Nordquist, 2019).

Recent literature has indicated that the essay is a typical sort of academic writing

that certainly be assigned in several classes. Students must grasp the basics of the

project before they begin writing their essay so they know how to approach it and where

their focus should be (Taylor, and Lorenz 2022).

According to Beare (2018), making a hamburger is similar to writing an essay.

Consider the introduction and conclusion to be the buns, with the argument's "meat"

sandwiched in between. The thesis will be stated in the introduction, and the case will

be summarized in the conclusion. Both should be only a few sentences long.

An essay might be as brief as 500 words or as long as 5000 words. Most essays,

on the other hand, are between 1000 and 3000 words long (White, 2020).

Moreover, the essay is a short piece of writing that is intended to inform or

persuade the reader. Although there are many distinct forms of essays, they are

typically divided into four categories: argumentative, expository, narrative, and

descriptive essays (Caulfield, 2021).

 The previous literature has shown that argumentative and expository essays are

concerned with delivering facts and making clear points, but narrative and descriptive

essays are concerned with expressing oneself creatively and writing in an engaging

manner. Argumentative essays are the most prevalent sort of essay at the university

level (Caulfield, 2021).

An argumentative essay makes a claim and backs it up with evidence and facts.

Its goal is to persuade the reader to agree with the point of view presented. Rather than

merely the author's thoughts and beliefs, a strong argumentative essay will employ facts

and evidence to support the argument (Sarikas, 2019).

Expository essays use a variety of structures to interact with their points of view,

including compare and contrast, process essays, and cause and effect analysis

(Kramer, 2021).

A narrative essay is a type of essay that tells a story. Writers of this genre, also

known as personal essays, are entrusted with conveying honest stories about their lived

experiences and, as a result, arriving at specific life realizations (Glatch, 2021).

A descriptive essay is a piece of writing that provides a vivid, thorough account of

anything usually, a place or item, although it could also be something more abstract,

such as an emotion. Like the narrative essay, this sort of essay is more imaginative than

conventional academic writing (Caulfield, 2020).

Furthermore, the term "essay" refers to any piece of writing that expresses the

author's point of view on a subject, whether academic, editorial or even amusing (Ellis,

2021).
 The academic writing process is like sketching a portrait. You need preparation

and planning for what you will draw. You sketch, and then erase and change what

you’ve drawn, and then show it to others. The academic writing process is the same.

You prewrite, write, revise, edit, and create a final draft for others to read (Davis, 2020).

In addition, after students have decided to work on improving their writing, they

will need to figure out what they are focusing on. In other words, they must examine

how to handle the many stages of the writing process, from brainstorming topic ideas to

consecutive versions to final revisions and editing (Nordquist, 2019).

Recent literature has shown that essays can be written in a variety of styles, but

the standard five-paragraph essay has basic features that apply to all types of essays.

When writing an essay, proper planning and structure are necessary, especially when

drafting a thesis statement, which establishes the essay's focus and tone. An essay's

other main components are the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Before

you start writing, you should outline to give your essay shape and flow (Southern,

2022).

With the correct tools and preparation, writing the perfect essay doesn't have to

be difficult. Knowing what has to happen before, during, and after writing, on the other

hand, is critical to producing a high-quality final result that impresses your readers

(Palmer, 2021).

Beare (2018) suggested that students must first choose a topic for their essay,

preferably one that they are already interested in before they can begin writing. Nothing

is more difficult than attempting to write about something you are uninterested in.
 Essay writing improves a student's ability in a variety of areas, allowing them to

become confident writers who can express themselves without restraint (Omar, 2021).

According to Battaglia (2021), students must be able to compose essays as part

of their applications even before they are accepted to universities. They continue to

produce essays in classes spanning the humanities once accepted. Instructors assign

essays as a way to assess critical thinking skills, knowledge of the course subject, and

writing abilities.

Furthermore, writing essays allows students to learn all of the norms of their

language as well as how to organize their thoughts more clearly utilizing the language.

When we learn to use writing essays as a tool of conveying our ideas and messages

clearly and directly to our listeners, we can improve on grammar, spelling, punctuation,

gestures, paralinguistics, and other aspects of communication (Rae, 2020).

As students go through high school and into college, the ability to write

successful essays will become increasingly vital. They will develop the capacity to

create clear and compelling essays if they comprehend the variety of essays (Loveless,

2021).

Moreover, writing in English not only improves your capacity to communicate and

express yourself in today's globalized society but also boosts your confidence (Belin,

2019).

On the other hand, writing an essay appears to be a dreadful activity for many

students. Whether writing an essay for a scholarship, a class, or even a competition,

many students find the assignment overwhelming (Randolph, 2021)

 While writing is crucial for college and professional life, students face a variety of

obstacles. Even though writing skills are important in every student's life and after

school, the majority of them are unable to fully develop their writing skills (Kasen, 2020).

In addition, it's also crucial to look at the lower-level skills of students to make

sure they have developed their writing abilities. When students are upset with specific

aspects of the writing work and struggle to get started or keep track of their thoughts,

the writing process is no longer enjoyable. No matter how interesting the topic is, writing

remains a drudgery, and students may feel scared by the writing process (Richards,

2022).

According to Anderson (2022), it's simple to assume that ESL students' biggest

issue in academic writing is their "weak English skills." The truth, on the other hand, is

significantly more complicated. While a lack of accuracy in the language is undoubtedly

a role, students also confront a variety of additional challenges, ranging from the

inability to apply knowledge in the appropriate context to a lack of awareness of the

fundamentals of academic writing.

Furthermore, lack of vocabulary, bad grammar, poor spelling, students'

preparedness, and limited exposure to books and reading materials are some of the

problems that ESL students encounter (Davis, 2021). 

Many people are intimidated by writing, especially those who do not write for a

living or on a daily basis. The good news is that writing doesn't have to be difficult, and

almost everybody with some discipline and a willingness to study can enhance their

writing skills (Shewan, 2021).