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AIM: To conduct trial on heat exchanger test rig for parallel and counter flow heat exchanger.
OBJECTIVES:
THEORY:
Heat exchanger is a device which provides transfer of heat between two or more fluids at
different temperatures. Heat exchangers are used in process industries, automobile, refrigeration,
air-conditioning etc.
2. Constructional Features
a) Tube in TubeHeat Exchanger
b) Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
c) Finned Heat Exchanger
d) Compact Heat Exchanger
SPECIFICATIONS:
1. Shell Specification
a. Inner Diameter, di : 40 mm
b. Outer Diameter, do : 47.805 mm
c. Material : Mild Steel
2. Tube Specifications
a. Inner Diameter, Di : 10 mm
b. Outer Diameter, Do : 12.7 mm
c. Material : Copper
PROCEDURE:
1. Ensure the water tank is full of water; if not then fill it.
2. Connect the system to the power supply by means of a plug connection provided.
3. Switch on the pump and then the heater. Wait for about 5 minutes before proceeding for the
first reading. In the meanwhile connect the valve V1 to cold water supply and open the air
vent to allow the air to escape, if any.
4. Measure the mass flow rate of both hot and cold water with the help of a measuring flask and
a stopwatch.
5. Now run the heat exchanger as parallel flow according to the valve arrangements as indicated
on the control panel.
6. Wait for about 2-3 minutes till a stable condition is reached.
7. Note down the different temperatures with help of the digital temperature indicator provided.
8. For the same excited flow rate of hot and cold water, run the heat exchanger as counter flow.
9. Wait till a stable condition is reached
10. Note down the different temperatures with help of the digital temperature indicator provided
11. After conducting the experiment, switch off the heater first followed by the pump.
12. Stop the cold water supply and drain the water from the shell from the drain plug provided.
13. Finally switch off the system from the main power supply.
ASSUMPTIONS:
1. Flow is laminar.
2. Heat loss to the surrounding is negligible.
3. Heat transfer through convection and radiation is neglected.
4. Overall heat transfer coefficient is uniform throughout heat exchanger.
5. The potential and kinetic energy changes are negligible.
6. The thermo physical properties of fluid are constant.
7. Heat exchanger is non-finned type.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Type of Hot Water temp (°C) Cold Water Temp (°C) Mass flow rate (kg/s)
flow Thi Tho Tci Tco Hot Water (mh) Cold water (mc)
Parallel 45.7 40.2 27.2 38.8 0.0357 0.0624
Counter 54.5 43.8 28.3 34.5 0.0357 0.0624
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:
RESULT TABLE:
Type of Flow Log Mean Temperature Overall Heat Transfer Effectiveness of Heat
Difference Coefficient (W/m2 °C) Exchanger
GRAPH:
Parallel Flow
50 45.7
45 40
40 38.8
35
Temperature
30
25 27.2
20 Series1
15
Series2
10
5
0
1 2
Length
Counter Flow
60 54.5
50 43.8
Temperature
40
30 34.5
28.3 Series1
20
Series2
10
0
1 2
Length
CONCLUSION:
For Parallel Flow LMDT=6.62457,q=1209.905936 W/m2 °C & E=0.29729
For Counter Flow LMDT=17.65451, q=379.34071 & E=0.40839