M.E.S.

College of Engineering, Pune-411001

NAME OF STUDENT: Raj Shailesh Mhaske CLASS: MECH 1

SEMESTER/YEAR: ME53 ROLL NO: 68
DATE OF PERFORMANCE: DATE OF SUBMISSION:
EXAMINED BY:H.S.SALVE EXPERIMENT NO:7

TITLE: Trial on Heat Exchanger Test Rig

AIM: To conduct trial on heat exchanger test rig for parallel and counter flow heat exchanger.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To determine LMTD, Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient and Effectiveness of heat

exchanger.
2. To study the temperature distribution of hot fluid and cold fluid along the length of heat
exchanger.
3. To compare effectiveness of parallel and counter flow heat exchanger.

THEORY:

Heat exchanger is a device which provides transfer of heat between two or more fluids at
different temperatures. Heat exchangers are used in process industries, automobile, refrigeration,
air-conditioning etc.

Classification of heat exchangers based on:

1. Heat Transfer Process

a) Direct Heat Transfer Heat Exchanger or Recuperative Heat Exchanger
b) Direct Contact Heat Exchanger
c) Storage Type Heat Exchanger or Regenerative Heat Exchanger

2. Constructional Features
a) Tube in Tube Heat Exchanger
b) Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
c) Finned Heat Exchanger
d) Compact Heat Exchanger

3. Fluid Flow Direction

a) Parallel Flow Heat Exchanger
b) Counter Flow Heat Exchanger
c) Cross Flow Heat Exchanger

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 M.E.S. College of Engineering, Pune-411001

SCHEMATIC SKETCH OF EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP

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 M.E.S. College of Engineering, Pune-411001

EXPERIMENTAL SET UP:

A typical set of concentric tube (Double Pipe/Tube in tube) heat exchanger is provided. The
inner tube is made up of copper and the outer tube is made up of mild steel. The outer tube is
insulated by an asbestos rope to minimize the heat loss to the surrounding. Water is stored in a
tank and is supplied to a geyser using a small pump. The electric geyser supplies hot water to the
inner tube which acts as the hot fluid here. Entry of hot water is fixed and is via valve 6. The
cold fluid here is the cold water which is directly taken from the tap. Entry of cold water is
flexible using various valves provided in the water line, hence enabling the same heat exchanger
to run in both parallel and counter flow arrangement. Four thermocouples are used to measure
the inlet and outlet temperatures of both the hot and cold water which are connected to a digital
temperature indicator. The flow rate of the two fluids is measured by a measuring flask. Also two
vents – air vent and drain plug are provided on the heat exchanger to remove the unwanted air,
water, scale and corrosion present in the heat exchanger.

SPECIFICATIONS:
1. Shell Specification
a. Inner Diameter, di : 40 mm
b. Outer Diameter, do : 47.805 mm
c. Material : Mild Steel

2. Tube Specifications
a. Inner Diameter, Di : 10 mm
b. Outer Diameter, Do : 12.7 mm
c. Material : Copper

3. Overall Length, L : 1600 mm

PROCEDURE:
1. Ensure the water tank is full of water; if not then fill it.
2. Connect the system to the power supply by means of a plug connection provided.
3. Switch on the pump and then the heater. Wait for about 5 minutes before proceeding for the
first reading. In the meanwhile connect the valve V1 to cold water supply and open the air
vent to allow the air to escape, if any.
4. Measure the mass flow rate of both hot and cold water with the help of a measuring flask and
a stopwatch.
5. Now run the heat exchanger as parallel flow according to the valve arrangements as indicated
on the control panel.
6. Wait for about 2-3 minutes till a stable condition is reached.
7. Note down the different temperatures with help of the digital temperature indicator provided.
8. For the same excited flow rate of hot and cold water, run the heat exchanger as counter flow.
9. Wait till a stable condition is reached
10. Note down the different temperatures with help of the digital temperature indicator provided
11. After conducting the experiment, switch off the heater first followed by the pump.
12. Stop the cold water supply and drain the water from the shell from the drain plug provided.
13. Finally switch off the system from the main power supply.

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ASSUMPTIONS:

1. Flow is laminar.
2. Heat loss to the surrounding is negligible.
3. Heat transfer through convection and radiation is neglected.
4. Overall heat transfer coefficient is uniform throughout heat exchanger.
5. The potential and kinetic energy changes are negligible.
6. The thermo physical properties of fluid are constant.
7. Heat exchanger is non-finned type.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

To fill 200 ml of hot water in measuring flask time required = 20 seconds

To fill 200 ml of cold water in measuring flask time required= 22 seconds

Type of Hot Water temp (°C) Cold Water Temp (°C) Mass flow rate (kg/s)
flow Thi Tho Tci Tco Hot Water (mh) Cold water (mc)
Parallel 45.7 40.2 27.2 38.8 0.0357 0.0624
Counter 54.5 43.8 28.3 34.5 0.0357 0.0624

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

I. FOR PARALLEL FLOW

1. Heat transfer rate from cold water

𝑄𝑐 = 𝑚𝑐 × 𝐶𝑃𝑐 × (𝑇𝑐𝑜 − 𝑇𝑐𝑖 )

𝑄𝑐 = 0.0624𝑋4186𝑋(38.8 − 27.2)

𝑄𝑐 = 3.02999 𝐾𝑊

2. Heat transfer rate from hot water

𝑄ℎ = 𝑚ℎ × 𝐶𝑃ℎ × (𝑇ℎ𝑖 − 𝑇ℎ𝑜 )

𝑄ℎ = 0.0357𝑋4186𝑋(45.7 − 40.2)

𝑄ℎ = 821.9211 𝑊

3. Average Heat Transfer Rate

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𝑄𝑐 + 𝑄ℎ
𝑄𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
2
3.02999𝑋10^3 + 821.9211
𝑄𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
2

𝑄𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 1.92595 𝐾𝑊

4. Log Mean Temperature Difference

(𝑇ℎ𝑖 − 𝑇𝑐𝑖 ) − (𝑇ℎ𝑜 − 𝑇𝑐𝑜 )

𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 =
𝑇 −𝑇
ln (𝑇 ℎ𝑖 − 𝑇𝑐𝑖 )
ℎ𝑜 𝑐𝑜

(45.7 − 27.2) − (400 − 38.8)

𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 =
45.7 − 27.2
ln (40.2 − 38.8)

𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 = 6.62457°𝐶

5. Area of Outer Tube

𝐴𝑜 = 𝜋𝐷𝑜 𝐿

𝐴𝑜 = 𝜋𝑋0.047805𝑋1.6

𝐴𝑜 = 0.24029𝑚^2

6. The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

𝑄𝑎𝑣𝑔
𝑈=
𝐴𝑜 × 𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷
1.92595𝑋10^3
𝑈=
0.04009𝑋6.62457

𝑈 = 1209.905963 𝑊/𝑚^2

7. (mCp)h = 0.0357X4186 = 149.44

(mCp)c = 0.0624X4186 = 261.2064

Thus, (mCp)min = 149.4402

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8. Effectiveness of Heat Exchanger

𝑚𝑥 𝐶𝑝 𝑥 (𝑇𝑥𝑖 − 𝑇𝑥𝑜 )
𝜖=
(𝑚𝐶𝑝 )𝑚𝑖𝑛 (𝑇ℎ𝑖 − 𝑇𝑐𝑖 )

Where x is either hot or cold depending on the (mCp)min value.

(45.7 − 40.2)
𝜖=
(45.7 − 27.2)

𝜖 = 0.29729

II. FOR COUNTER FLOW

1. Heat transfer rate from cold water

𝑄𝑐 = 𝑚𝑐 × 𝐶𝑃𝑐 × (𝑇𝑐𝑜 − 𝑇𝑐𝑖 )

𝑄𝑐 = 0.0624𝑋4186𝑋(34.5 − 28.3)

𝑄𝑐 = 1.61947𝐾𝑊

2. Heat transfer rate from hot water

𝑄ℎ = 𝑚ℎ × 𝐶𝑃ℎ × (𝑇ℎ𝑖 − 𝑇ℎ𝑜 )

𝑄ℎ = 0.0357𝑋4186𝑋(54.5 − 43.8)

𝑄ℎ = 1.59901 𝐾𝑊

3. Average Heat Transfer Rate

𝑄𝑐 + 𝑄ℎ
𝑄𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
2

1.6747𝑋10^3 + 1.59901𝑋10^
𝑄𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
2

𝑄𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 1.60924 𝐾

4. Log Mean Temperature Difference

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(𝑇ℎ𝑖 − 𝑇𝑐𝑜 ) − (𝑇ℎ𝑜 − 𝑇𝑐𝑖 )

𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 =
𝑇 −𝑇
ln (𝑇ℎ𝑖 − 𝑇𝑐𝑜 )
ℎ𝑜 𝑐𝑖

(54.5 − 34.5) − (43.8 − 28.3)

𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 =
54.5 − 34.5
ln (43.8 − 28.3)

𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 = 17.65451°𝐶

5. Area of Outer Tube

𝐴𝑜 = 0.24029

6. The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

𝑄𝑎𝑣𝑔
𝑈=
𝐴𝑜 × 𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷

1.60924𝑋10^3
𝑈=
0.24029 × 17.65451
𝑈 = 379.34071 𝑊/𝑚2

7. (mCp)h = 0.0357X4186=149.4402

(mCp)c = 0.0624X4186=261.2064

Thus, (mCp)min = 149.4402

8. Effectiveness of Heat Exchanger

𝑚𝑥 𝐶𝑝 𝑥 (𝑇𝑥𝑖 − 𝑇𝑥𝑜 )
𝜖=
(𝑚𝐶𝑝 ) (𝑇ℎ𝑖 − 𝑇𝑐𝑖 )
𝑚𝑖𝑛

Where x is either hot or cold depending on the (mCp)min value.

(54.5 − 43.8)
𝜖=
(54.5 − 28.3)

𝜖 = 0.40839

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RESULT TABLE:

Type of Flow Log Mean Overall Heat Transfer Effectiveness of Heat

Temperature Coefficient (W/m2 °C) Exchanger
Difference
Parallel 6.62457 1209.905963 0.29729
Counter 17.65451 379.34071 0.40839

GRAPH:
Parallel Flow
50 45.7
45 40
40 38.8
35
Temperature

30
27.2
25
20 Series1
15 Series2
10
5
0
1 2
Length

Counter Flow
60 54.5
50 43.8
Temperature

40

30 34.5
Series1
28.3
20
Series2
10

0
1 2
Length

CONCLUSION:
For Parallel Flow LMDT=6.62457, q=1209.905936 W/m2 °C & E=0.29729
For Counter Flow LMDT=17.65451, q=379.34071 & E=0.40839

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