Gini index - used as measurement of a nation’s wealth distribution.

Great Gatsby curve - it’s a chart that is used to plot the relationship between inequality
and intergenerational social immobility within several countries across the world

Poverty Gap Index - is the measure of the average pay gap in the population

social class - a division in society based on social and economic status

social mobility - it is a change of one social status relative to their current social
location

dissimilarity - the proper definition means ‘different’ while there the index of
dissimilarity which is a demographic measure between two groups across geographic
components

division of labor - it is a separation of tasks in any system to allow for people to

specialise is their task

just-world fallacy - a cognitive bias that a person's actions will bring equal
consequences

redlining - prevents certain people from getting services

Davis-Moore hypothesis - the greater the work that is done by a person should mean
that they should get a greater reward

homelessness - living in housing that is below minimum standards

slums - closely packed housing units that have very questionable infrastructure

favelas - slums or shanty towns located on the outskirts of Brazil’s cities

shanty towns - a deprived area in the outskirts of towns

skid row - a place in los angeles which the poor and homeless who are forgotten by
society
segregation - separation from social groups
de jure = having a right or existence as stated by law, de facto = existing against the law

self-segregation - removing yourself from a particular society

Ethnocentrism - judging another culture based on preconception of their own culture

tribalism - being organised in small groups called tribes that heavily believe in
supremacy of their own tribe

supremacism - the ideology that a particular class of people are superior to others and
should dominate them

reverse racism - actions that take place to reduce racism. eg . black lives matter

Eugenics - the removing of inferior genetic groups to allow for superior genetic groups
to prosper in a human population. eg . hitler found Jews to be inferior

institutionalized racism - it is a form of racism takes place in workplaces

“race traitor” - a person who is perceived ideologies or people who are against their
own race

“Passing” - a member of a group is accepted by another group other than their own

Reparations - paying back others from a great debt. eg . germany paying back the allied
forces

institutional sexism - workplace sexism

objectification - degrading someone to a mere object
masculinity vs femininity -
mansplaining -
pay gap -
gendercide - the death of one gender for the benefit of the other gender

heteronormativity -
glass ceiling - something that prevents people of a particular gender, race, or ethnicity
to gain a higher social ranking. eg . some people can not get a promotion in the
workplace.

gender identities -

LGBTQ+ - lesbian. Gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, people wo identify as others

toxic masculinity - masculine behaviors that harm society and men themselves

Intersexuality -They are individuals which are born with a defect or mistake in the dna
of the ondivisual .This effects what gender class they fit into .

second-class citizen - a person who is discriminated against even though they are
normal citizens and have a legal residence

dehumanization - It is the process of depriving a person of positive human qualities

vagrant -a person who does not have a home and move from region to region

alien - unfamiliar or foreign

Untouchable - segregating them from mainstream audiences

homo sacer - during the roman period when someone is banished they may be killed by
anyone but cannot be sacrificed for rituals and shit.

lumpenproletariat - ask veer later

 baekjeong - used to be an untouchable minority in Korea during the Goryeo period.
Now a nomadic group due to the mongol invasion.

Burakumin - a social group at the bottom of the traditional japan social order that
oftens faces discrimination.

cagot - lowest caste in France

bui doi - a vietnameese term for a vagrant

Vagrant - the condition of being homeless without regular employment and income.

tanka - a 31 syllable poem, traditionally written in an unbroken line.

osu - a music rhythm game

akhdam - a subgroup in Yemen enough

Bitlaha -

Baptism - in christianity

Sweet sixteen - a party is thrown in honour of a girls 16th birthday

Quinceañera - A rite of passage that celebrates a girls 15 th birthday in spain .

Krypteia -The Crypteia or Krypteia was an ancient Spartan state institution involving young
Spartan men. Its goal and nature are still a matter of discussion and debate among
historians,

Guan li/ji li - The Guan Li is the Confucian coming of age ceremony. The name Guan Li
refers to the ceremony for men, while the Ji Li refers to the one for women. The age of the
person is usually 20 and during the ceremony, the person obtains a style name.
Seijin shiki - japanese coming of age ceremony
Chudakarana - The Chudakarana or the Mundana, is the eighth of the sixteen Hindu
saṃskāras, in which a child receives their first haircut. According to the Grhya Sutras, this
samskara should take place at the end of first year or before the expiry of the third year, but
the later authorities extend the age to the seventh year.

Kidfluencers - a child who is a social media influencer.

Adulting - the practice of behaving in a way characteristic of a responsible adult,

especially the accomplishment of mundane but necessary tasks.

Aristotle - invented the idea of primary secondary and higher forms of education

John locke - born as blank slates who had to learn from outward experience and internal
reflection

Jean-jaqcques rosseau - believed that childhood is sanctuary

Teenagers - brought to existence by compulsory education, post war economic boom

and the invention of the car. Industrialisation led to the need of educated workers
which then led to the invention of highschools

Children in ancient egypt - educated to fulfil social and economic tasks, little contact
between children of different classes

Children in the netherlands lived a happy life with decent state schools, no pressure,
and no homework until 10 years ago

aesop - Aesop was a Greek fabulist and storyteller credited with a number of fables now
collectively known as Aesop's Fables.

Forced labour - work through violence and abuse

Nanny - a person to look after the house

House girl - a young girl

Pawnship - the same as a debt bodage

Mechanisms of marginalisation :
Discrimination : The unjust of preductual treatment of others
especially on the basis of race, gender, cast etc .Eg the caste
system

Colonialism : The policy of gathering political control over a

country , especially with markets, settler etc .Eg . britain taking
over India

Slavery :The process of making someone forcibly work for

you .Eg . Egyptian slaves

Hegemony : leadership of dominance especially over a particular

state .
CT
Nepotism : It is when people in power favor their family relatives ,
especially when offering jobs .

Endomany : It is the custom of only marrying people among their

own tribe or group .

Xenophobia: It is the severe fear of foreigners .

Rankism : It is the abusive , discriminatory behaviour to people

who are lower than other people in the hierarchy .eg. The caste
system of india
Sexism : The discrimination of a particular gender . eg . Sati

Racism : the discrimination of a particular gender , catse , race ,

skin color etc (A broader term ) . eg The fight for the rights of
black people .

Ableism : Discrimination of the people who have disabilities or

have special needs .An office does not have document in braille .

Elitism : The belief that a society or system should be lead by an

“elite” person who has a particular ancestry , high intellect etc .
eg .

Ageism: discrimination against a person of a particular age, mainly

older people but can be used to oppress a younger person. eg .
Many older people think that little children are naive, anti aging
products discriminate against older people, and lying about your
age.

Bullying : Seek to harm or hurt someone who is persevered as

vaunreable .

Victimization : When we target or single anyone out of cruel and

unjust treatment .

Social dominance orientation : A society tends to form with

specific small groups on each step of the social hierarchy .Groups
who have hegemonic people tend to be on top of the hierarchy .

Literary canon - a selection of books, that have been certified by

an authority on a subject, that are well versed in a particular area.
 Who decides literary canons - Could be teachers , historians and
critics.

Does literary canon fair to marginalised groups -

Private gallery - owned by a person or organisation that showcase their

own work and works that they enjoy. They are often sponsored by
companies and certain galleries are opened to the public however
certain galleries are invite only.

Orphans - children who have lost both their parents, no exceptions

Forced labour - labour that has extremely cruel labour, no holidays, no

pay, beyond human work hours

Bonded labour - when you owe someone a debt and so you repay them
with your services

Will - a person writes a will which documents who gets their property
once they die

Nannies : They provide childcare , usually in rich families .

Au pairs - a foreign person who helps with childcare and housework for
food, pocket money, and a room/bed

Amahs/ayahs - a girl or woman who is employed by a family to clean,

take care of children, and other domestic tasks

Butlers - a male domestic worker who works in a large household

Governess : They are women , who are appointed to teach children in a
private house hold .

House girl : A girl who is appointed to do the house work .

House Elves : They are magical creatures in the harry potter series ,
they are forced to work in a perticular household and forced to work
for their master .Eg . dobby