Design of an AC to DC Converter on Electric

Vehicle
Ahmad Munzir Hakim B Huzili
Universiti Malaysia Perlis
Perlis, Malaysia
ahmadmunzir93@gmail.com

Abstract—Global warming has become major problem in

our life. One of the counter measures taken is by reduce the
emittance of carbon dioxide from the vehicle and improve the
fuel efficiency has become most important things in the electric
vehicle (EV). In such circumstances, many automakers have
concentrated in the development of electric vehicle. In this
paper, a simple control logic design of Controlled Single-phase
Full-Wave Rectifier with RL Load as a AC -DC converter is
propose to achieve top level performance and suitable electronic
for a charger circuits of a new electric vehicle model. To have a
flexible value of output voltage, controlled switch such as Figure 1
thyristors are used by altering the delay or firing angle α of the
thyristor. The main objective of this paper is to design a suitable
AC-DC converter that can vary the value of the input voltage to
be use within the specified values in Malaysia with high current
charging applications.

I. INTRODUCTION
Controlled rectifiers are commonly used in a Electric
Vehicle industry. They can be used in closed-loop control
systems as best performance operational amplifiers, with the
angle at which the thyristors are capable to change to have
different value of output[2]. Because of its simple form and
low manufacturing cost, an SCR rectifier is frequently
employed as a front-end converter in medium voltage ac
drives [1]. Depending on the value of, the polarity of its
output voltage can be positive or negative. The load current Figure 2
might be continuous or discontinuous
From the Figure 2, when 𝛽 < 𝛼 + 𝜋 , this mode of
II. METHODOLOGY operation is called discontinuous current.
A. Principle of operations

Figure 1 shows the circuit Full Wave Controlled Rectifier for

RL Load. Full-wave AC to DC Controlled rectifier is used for
conversion of AC to DC during both positive and negative
half-cycles. Full-wave AC to DC Controlled rectifier B. Design Calculation
employs four thyristors. The thyristor T1 and T2 are triggered Controlled Full-Wave Rectifier, Discontinuous Current
during the positive half cycle. In the negative half cycle, the
thyristor T3 and T4 are triggered and T1 and T2 are turned
off due to natural commutation by the supply. However, due
to the presence of an inductor, the voltage appears in the From the parameters,
230
negative direction. Since the current flows continuously to 𝑉𝑚 = = 162.6V
the load the corresponding mode of operation is called √2
Continuous conduction mode. A 230V with frequency 50Hz 𝑍 = √𝑅2 + (𝜔𝐿)2 = √102 + [(314)(0.01)]2 = 10.48Ω
AC supply with a firing angle of 30 degrees is considered in
𝜔𝐿 (314)(0.01)
this design. The output voltage will appear during both half 𝜃 = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 [ ] = 0.304rad
cycles hence the name Full-wave AC to DC controlled 𝑅 10
rectifier. The resistance of R=10 ohm and inductor of 10mH 𝜔𝐿 (314)(0.01)
𝜔𝜏 = = = 0.314rad
is chosen in this design. 𝑅 10
∘
𝛼 = 50 = 0.873rad

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE

Substituting into Eq,
𝑉𝑚
𝑖𝑜 (𝜔𝑡) = [sin (𝜔𝑡 − 𝜃) − sin (𝛼 − 𝜃)𝑒 −(𝜔𝑡−𝛼)/𝜔𝜏 ]
𝑍
𝑖𝑜 (𝜔𝑡) = 15.52sin (𝜔𝑡 − 0.304) − 0.534𝑒 −𝜔𝑡−0.873/0.304 A
𝛽 = 3.446

Figure 5
Average load current is determined from the numerical
integration of,
1 𝛽
𝐼𝑜 = ∫   𝑖𝑜 (𝜔𝑡)𝑑(𝜔𝑡) = 9.05A
𝜋 𝛼

Power absorbed by the load occurs in the resistor, Figure 6

1 𝛽
𝐼rms = √ ∫   𝑖𝑜 (𝜔𝑡)𝑑(𝜔𝑡) = 3.001A
𝜋 𝛼
𝑃 = (3.001)2 (10) = 90.5W

III. DATA AND SIMULATIONS RESULT Figure 7

The circuit for AC/DC converter for EV charger has been
simulated using PSIM. Fig 3 shows the simulation circuit
consists of voltage source for AC, Thyristor and resistance
and inductor will be the load.

Figure 8

IV. DISCUSSION
The calculation design for this paper got a same value with
the circuit in the PSIM for the average average value of Vrms
and Current. The purity level of the output voltage for the DC
current can be improve if capacitance filter added in the
circuit. In the future project capacitance filter will be added
to analyze the difference of the circuit between filtered and
Figure 3 unfiltered.

Figure 5 below is the graph of comparison of Vin and Vout. V. CONCLUSION

Figure 6 shows the input voltage graph. Input voltage is set at
230V at 50Hz. Figure 7 is the output voltage for this
simulation and Figure 8 is the output current.
The software results are simulated successfully and the
results shows the output voltage (DC voltage) has been
successfully converted with step/down Controlled Single-
phase Full-Wave Rectifier with RL Load. Discontinuous-
current modes been used in this paper because β< α+ π
parameter is used. As a rectifier, the circuit enables power to
flow fromthe source to the load by successfully converting
AC-DC.
 REFERENCES
[1] M. L. Zhang, B. Wu, Y. Xiao, and F. A. Dewinter, “A
Multilevel Buck Converter Based Rectifier with
Sinusoidal Inputs and Unity Power Factor for Medium
Voltage (4160-7200V) Applications,”IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 17, no. 6,
December 2002, pp. 853-863
[2] S. B. Dewan, A. Straughen, Power Semiconductor
Circuits, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1975, pp.
214-230.
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 Assignment 1.1
by AHMAD MUNZIR HAKIM HUZILI

Submission date: 30-Nov-2021 11:36AM (UTC+0800)

Submission ID: 1715922184
File name: Assignment_1.pdf (290.58K)
Word count: 828
Character count: 3991
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Assignment 1.1
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