Unit 7.

CULTURAL DIVERSITY
PART I. LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Vocabulary
diversity (n): sự đa dạng
cultural (adj): thuộc về văn hóa
wedding (n): lễ cưới
similarity (n): sự tương đồng
ceremony (n): buổi lễ
proposal (n): sự cầu hôn
engagement (n): sự đính hôn
complicated (adj): phức tạp
bride (n): cô dâu
groom (n): chú rể = bridegroom
bridesmaid (n): phù dâu
best man (n): phù rể = groomsman
unnecessary (adj): không cần thiết
expense (n): chi phi
reception (n): tiệc chiêu đãi
big day = wedding day: ngày cưới
honeymoon (n): tuần trăng mật
favourable (adj): thuận lợi
altar (n): bàn thờ
ancestor (n): ông bà, tổ tiên
superstition (n): tín ngưỡng, sự mê tín
superstitious (adj): mê tín
mystery (n): điều huyền bí
mysterious (adj): huyền bí
legend (n): truyền thuyết
ritual (n): lễ nghi
prestigious (adj): có uy tín
soul (n): linh hồn
venture (n): dự án
fork (n) cái dĩa
clover (n): cỏ ba lá
magpie (n): chim chích chòe
samovar (n): ấm đun trà (của Nga)
dumpling (n): bánh bao
beetroot (n): củ cải đường
filling (n): món thịt nhồi
figure skating (n): môn trượt băng nghệ thuật
scatter (v): tung, rải
wrestling (n): môn đấu vật
newly-wed (n): người vừa mới lập gia đình
decent (adj): kha khá
prosperous (adj): thịnh vượng
self-reliance (n): sự tự lực
2. Grammar
2.1. Comparative and superlative adjectives (Tính từ so sánh hơn và so sánh nhât)
2.1.1. Form:
+ Với tính từ gồm 1 âm tiết: hard, cold, short, smart ... 
So sánh hơn: adjective + er e.g. This ruler is shorter than that one.
(Cái thước này ngắn hơn cái thước kia)
So sánh nhất: the + adjective + est e.g. This is the shortest ruler.
(Đây là cái thước ngắn nhất)
+ Với tính từ gồm 1 âm tiết tận cùng là -e: nice, fine, wide ...
So sánh hơn: adjective + -r e.g. Her bag is nicer than yours.
 (Túi của chị ấy đẹp hơn túi của cô)
So sánh nhất: the + adjective + -st e.g. That is the nicest bag.
(Đó là cái túi đẹp nhất)
Với tính từ gồm 1 âm tiết tận cùng là 1 nguyên âm đơn + 1 phụ âm đơn: hot, fat, thin ...

So sánh hơn: adjective(gấp đôi phụ âm cuối) + -er e.g. The black cat is fatter than the white one.
(Con mèo đen béo hơn con mèo trâng)
So sánh nhất: the + adjective(gấp đôi phụ âm cuối) + -est e.g. It is the fattest cat.
(Nó là con mèo béo nhất)
+ Với tính từ gồm 2 âm tiết tận cùng là -y: happy, noisy, busy ..
So sánh hơn: adjective (bỏ -y) + -ier e.g. Linda is happier than Mary.
(Linda hạnh phúc hơn Mary)
So sánh nhất: the + adjective(bỏ -y) + -iest e g. This is the happiest wife.
(Đây là người vợ hạnh phúc nhất)
+ Với tính từ gồm 2 âm tiết trở lên: active, beautiful, expensive, dangerous ....
So sánh hơn: more + adjective
e g. Driving a motorbike is more dangerous than riding a bicycle .
(Đi xe máy thì nguy hiểm hơn đi xe đạp)
So sánh nhất: the + most + adjective
e.g. That is the most dangerous action.
(Đó là hành động nguy hiểm nhát)
: Một số tính từ so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất không theo các quy tắc trên: good, bad, far, many, much, little ....
So sánh hơn: good → better, bad → worse, far → further/ farther, many/much → more, little → less ...
e.g. His speaking is better than his writing .
(Phần nói của anh ấy tốt hơn phần viết)
So sánh nhất: good → the best, bad → the worst, far → the furthest/farthest, many/ much → the most, little → the
least...
e.g. His speaking is the best of the four skills.
(Phần nói của anh ấy là tốt nhất trong bốn kỹ năng)
*) Notes:
- Ta có thể dùng: slightly, far, by far, a lot, much, significantly ... để nhấn mạnh cho so sánh hơn hoặc so sánh
nhất.
e.g. This house is much bigger than that one.
(Ngôi nhà này lớn hơn ngôi nhà kia nhiều)
- Để diễn tả kém ... hơn, kém... nhất ta dùng: less + adjective the least + adjective
e.g. This is the least safe place.
(Đây là nơi kém an toàn nhất)
2.1.2. Use:
*) Tính từ so sánh hơn được dùng để:
+ So sánh 2 đối tượng hoặc nhóm đổi tượng (ngườỉ, vật, nơi chốn) với nhau.
e.g. Peter is stronger than Linda.
(Peter khỏe hơn Linda)
First year students are younger than third year students.
(Các bạn sinh viên năm thứ nhất thì trẻ hơn các bạn sinh viên năm thứ 3)
+ So sánh cùng một người, vật, nơi chốn ở hai thời điểm khác nhau.
e.g. This item is more expensive (this year) than it was last year.
(Mặt hàng này đắt hơn năm ngoái)
*) Note: Chúng ta có thể bỏ mệnh đề “than” nếu ta rõ đối tượng được so sánh.
e.g. There are 20 boys and 20 girls in this class. The boys are more active (than the girls are).
(Có 20 bạn nam và 20 bạn nữ trong lớp này. Các bạn nam thì năng động hơn)
*) Tính từ so sánh nhất được dùng để:
+ So sánh 1 đối tượng trong nhóm (người, vật, nơi chốn, thời điểm) với các đối tượng còn lại.
e.g: Peter is the strongest of the 6 students.
(Trong 6 học sinh, Peter là người khỏe nhất)
This is the cheapest hotel in this area.
(Đây là khách sạn rẻ nhất trong khu vực này)
 Spring is the most pleasant season (of the four).
(Mùa xuân là mùa dễ chịu nhất trong bốn mùa)
*) Note: So sánh nhất còn có thể dùng với số thứ tự, one of the, some of the, tính từ sở hữu ...
e.g. He is my best friend.
(Anh ấy là bạn tốt nhất của tôi)
Tom was the second best in that contest.
(Tom đứng thứ 2 trong cuộc thi đó)
2.2. Articles: mạo từ (a/an/the)
2.2.1. A/an:
+ Chúng ta dùng a/an trước danh từ đếm được số ít, được nhắc đến lần đầu, khi người
nghe, người đọc chưa rõ về nó. Đó là lí do ta gọi a/an là mạo từ bất định (chưa biết rõ).

e.g. She has bought a cat recently.

(Gần đây chị ấy có mua 1 con mèo)
Today I am going to talk about a change in our company.
(Hôm nay tôi sẽ nói về 1 thay đổi trong công ty chúng ta)
+ Chúng ta dùng a/an trước 1 nghề nghiệp của ai đó
e.g. He is an actor.
(Chú ấy là một diễn viên)
2.2.2. The:
+ Chúng ta dùng mạo từ “the” trước danh từ được nhắc lại hoặc danh từ mà người đọc,
người nghe đã hiểu rõ. Đó là lí do ta gọi “the” là mạo từ xác định (đã biết rõ).

e.g. Nam is talking to a teacher from England. The teacher is holding some books.
(Nam đang nói chuyện với một giáo viên đến từ Anh. Vị giáo viên đó cầm trên tay mấy quyển sách).
The singer seemed to be shy.
(Ca sĩ đó có vẻ xấu hổ)
+ Chúng ta dùng mạo từ “the” với so sánh nhất.
e.g. It is the biggest city.
(Nó là thành phố lớn nhất)
+ Chúng ta dùng mạo từ “the” trước những thứ duy nhất: the earth, the moon, the sun, the Government,
the Prime Minister ...
e.g. The sun rises in the east.
(Mặt trời mọc ở phía đông)
*) Note: Chúng ta không dùng mạo từ “the” trước các danh từ riêng: Mary, David, Vietnam, England. New
York ... 
3. Pronunciation
Stress in two-syllable words with the same spelling: trọng âm trong từ gồm 2 âm tiết viết giống nhau
Có một số từ thay đối trọng âm khi trở thành từ loại khác
e g. They present every day. - pre'sent (v): thuyết trình
He received a present. - 'present (n): món quà
I record my voice. - re'cord (v): thu âm
I set a record. - 'record (n): kỉ lục
 Unit 7. CULTURAL DIVERSITY
1. Match each picture with a suitable word/ phrase.
1. a. altar =>2

2. b. fork =>3

3. c. wrestling =>4

4. d. wedding =>1

5. e. magpie =>5

Your answer:
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
2. Give the English word and Vietnamese meaning to each of the following transcription.
1. ______________________ /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n): ______________________
2. ______________________ /prəˈpəʊzl/ (n): ______________________
3. ______________________ /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/ (n): ______________________
4. ______________________ /braɪd/ (n): ______________________
5. ______________________ /ɡruːm/ (n): ______________________
6. ______________________ /rɪˈsepʃn/ (n): ______________________
7. ______________________ /ˈfeɪvərəbl/ (adj): ______________________
8. ______________________ /ˌsuːpəˈstɪʃn/ (n): ______________________
9. ______________________ /ˈrɪtʃuəl/ (n): ______________________
10. ______________________ /ˈprɒspərəs/ (adj): ______________________
3. Complete the sentences by using comparative or superlative adjectives.
1. Antarctica is ___________________________________________ (cold) than Africa.
2. Taman Negara National Park in Malaysia is the ___________________________ (old) rainforest in the world.
3. Germany was ___________________________________________ (successful) in winning medals than Japan.
4. The Atlantic Ocean is _______________________________________________ (wide) than the Mediterranean.
5. Northern provinces are a bit _______________________________________________ (hot) than southern ones.
6. This is the __________________________________________ (funny) actor I have ever had conversation with.
7. Some people think that crocodiles are _____________________________________ (dangerous) than pythons.
8. The little boy was unhappy because his performance was __________________________ (bad) than his friend.
9. Great Britain is one of the _________________________________________ (powerful) countries in the world.
10. Australia is the 6th _____________________________ (large) country in the world, occupying an entire
continent of some 7.6 million square kilometers.
4. Complete the following sentences.
1. I like all kind of sports, but I think football is _____________________________________________________.
2. I think it is __________________________________________________________________ food in the world.
3. Alice is very pleased with her results of this semester. They _________________________________________.
4. He thinks that people from the south of his country are much _________________________________________
than people from the north. In the north, no one ever seems to smile, but it’s opposite in the south.
5. The more hardworking you are, the _____________________________________________________________.
5. Find and correct mistakes in following sentences.
1. This lake is more deep than that one.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Kate’s situation is the most complicated than her cousin’s.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The bride and groom are happiest people on their wedding.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. A doctor and an architect are living in this villa. A doctor is from Germany.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. In England, people drink a lot of tea.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
PART III: TEST YOURSELF
1. Gap-filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences.
similarities properly favorable reception crossing
ancestors grooms scattered sweep souls

1. In order to meet the requirement, you have to point out both ____________________________ and differences
between two cultures.
2. In some cases, brides and _________________ are provided with most of the necessary things for their big day.
3. The board of directors have decided to hold a _________________________________ in a luxurious restaurant.
4. As a rule of thumb, several superstitious people choose a ___________________ date before starting something.
5. My parents lay food on the altar for my ______________________________ on a regular basis because they
perceive that they will enjoy the meal with my family.
6. Traditionally, Vietnamese people do not _________________________________ the floor during the first three
days of Tet (Lunar New Year).
7. Some people try to avoid ___________________ the path of a woman, as this may not bring good luck to them.
8. He holds a belief that the altar is the place where ancestors' ______________________________________ live.
9. Before travelling to England, you have to learn to use knives, forks and spoons __________________________.
10. They leave coins __________________________________________ on the ground as a ritual of their culture.
2. Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right.
1. self-reliance a. a business project or activity, especially one that involves taking risks
2. ancestor b. something that is difficult to understand or to
3. mystery c. the ability to do or decide things by yourself
4. prestigious d. a person in your family who lived a long time ago
5. venture e. respected and admired as very important or of very high quality
Your answer:
1. ___________ 2. ___________ 3. ___________ 4. ___________ 5. ___________
3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. The ____________________ ceremony is one of the three stages of a Vietnamese traditional wedding. (propose)
2. Before a wedding ceremony, there must be an ____________________________________ ceremony. (engage)
3. As a rule of thumb, a number of superstitious people choose a __________________________ date before
starting something. (favor)
4. It is believed that meeting a black cat is lucky, but it is _____________________________ to walk under a
ladder or break a mirror. (luck)
5. Working as a volunteer provides you with opportunities to know more about cultural ______________. (diverse)
6. If you want to get on well with your colleagues, you should pay ___________________________ to some
common features of their cultures. (attend)
7. He is trying to work hard so that he is promoted to a higher and more ___________________ position. (prosper)
8. After he had flirted her for a long time, they _____________________________________ fell in love. (gradual)
9. It cannot be denied that superstitious _____________________________ exist many cultures. (believe)
10. After the wedding day, the _______________ of couples leave on honeymoon in very romantic places. (major)
4. Choose the best answer.
1. The bride is accompanied by the groom during the wedding ceremony. The underlined word has the closest
meaning to ____.
A. bridegroom B. bridesmaid C. broom D. bridge
2. Karen: “What is the similarity between Vietnamese culture and Thai culture?” - Kevin: “____”
A. That sounds interesting.
B. I couldn’t agree more. I like Vietnamese culture and Thai culture.
C. That’s true. They don’t know much about this.
D. I think it is food.
3. It can be seen that these cultures have ____ lot of things in common.
A. a B. an C. the D. no article needed
4. Taking part in social activities and interacting with different cultures widen their knowledge and gradually
__________ them.
A. nature B. mature C. future D. picture
5. “Jim is more popular than any other painter in this district." has the closest meaning to ____.
A. Another painter is more popular than Jim.
B. Jim is more popular than no other painter in this district.
C. Jim is the more popular than any other painter in this district.
D. Jim is the most popular painter in this district.
6. He has worked as ____ coordinator for more than 4 years.
A. a B. an C. the D. no article needed
7. Older athletes are getting faster and ____ than in the past.
A. fitter B. fittest C. fit D. more fit
8. Mount Everest is ____ mountain on Earth.
A. the tallest B. the taller C. tall D. tallest
9. My closest friend is looking forward to receiving a scholarship to study at a university in ____ Italy.
A. a B. an C. the D. no article needed
10. Before the wedding, the groom usually asks his brother, best friend or father to be his best man. The underlined
word has the closest meaning to:
A. bride B. bridegroom C. groomsman D. bridesmaid
11. Today’s top sportspeople receive a lot ____ money than in the past.
A. much B. many C. more D. most
12. Pain killers are much ____ now than in the past.
A. effective B. more effective C. most effective D. the more effective
13. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. increase B. bridesmaid C. wedding D. workforce
14. That was probably ____ enjoyable meal I’ve ever had.
A. least B. less C. the less D. the least
15. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. contrast B. courage C. venture D. legend
16. Our atmosphere is gradually becoming more and ____ polluted.
A. much B. many C. more D. most
17. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
We didn’t realize that it was the most fastest way to cross the country.
A B C D
18. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
In fact, France had a more lower overall medal total than Russia.
A B C D
19. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A bulky B. altar C. employ D. object
20. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. machine B. expense C. import D. alone
5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.
1. most / He / the / polite / is / I / met. / have / man/ ever
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. the / Alan / third / best / is / in / competition. / the
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. active / is / She / less / her / than / classmates.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. considered / Obesity / can / be / be / one / to / of the / serious / health / most / problems.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. achievements / in / information / technology / and will / made / be / scientists./ More / by / and / more
____________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Alcohol And The Devil

Although stereotypes can be harmful, it is true that Russia is one of ____ (1) -ranked countries in the world in
alcohol consumption. The country’s love of vodka is also its leading cause of ____ (2), from liver disease and
alcohol poisoning to fatal accidents and crimes.
Since its such an ____ (3) part of their culture, there are many rules of etiquette surrounding drinking in Russia, for
instance, you can’t place a glass of alcohol back on the table after a toast-it should be bottom’s up and ____ (4).
Arriving late for dinner means that you have to drink a ____ (5) glass of vodka, no questions asked, as you’ll have
to catch ____ (6) with the rest.
Between the first and second shots, there must be no interruptions whatsoever. Lastly, you should never ____ (7)
the mistake of offering a toast with an empty glass. If you do, you’ll have to drink the entire bottle.
Russians also love to swear, but their custom is steeped in ____ (8). It is said that when you curse another persons
health in a manner without malice, you should spit three times over your left shoulder. This ___ (9) spits in the eye
of the devil, preventing ____ (10) omens or a
temptation of fate. If the curse is made in writing, you should write the guttural sound, “Tfu, tfu, tfu!”
1. A. the highest B. the higher C. higher D. highest
2. A. death B. died C. die D. dead
3. A. success B. integral C. federal D. unnecessary
4. A. full B. empty C. locked D. knocked
5. A. knocked B. empty C. locked D. full
6. A. in B. for C. up D. about
7. A. do B. change C. create D. make
8. A. super B. superstitious C. delicious D. superstition
9. A. symbolical B. symbolically C. symbolize D. symbol
10. A. lucky B. good C. worst D. bad

FUN CORNER
1. The gesture “thumb-up” does not mean “Ok” in ____.
A. in US B. In UK C. In Australia D. in Northern Greece
2. Is this true or false?
The border between Mexico and the United States is the second largest border in the world.
3. Is this true or false?
In Bulgaria, people nod to mean “no” and shake their heads to mean “yes”.
4. Where, by whom and when was the boomerang invented?