GRADE 11 -

READING AND
WRITING
Quarter 3 Week 5
“Identify claims explicitly or implicitly made in a written text: CLAIMS OF FACT ”

Name: __________________________________________________
Grade level & Section: _____________________________________
Subject Teacher: __________________________________________

As a critical reader, you may encounter texts that exhibit specific claims. Some can be directly stated
while others can be mentioned indirectly. It is important to know how you can identify them and how you can
distinguish the type of claims a written text has. These are the key concepts and skills you have to learn in
this lesson.
After learning about the properties of a well-written text, analyzing the stand or argument of a text
would be your next step. Here, you are encouraged to illustrate a good level of understanding of the written
text through verification, affirmation, and assertion. This undertaking leads to bits of information covering a
discourse called clais.

What are claims?

Claims are synonymous to belief, argument, assertion, or stand. According to (Tiongson 2016, 20-21),
a good claim should be argumentative and debatable, specific and focused, interesting and engaging, and
logical.

This information can be explicit or implicit. An explicit claim is directly and clearly stated in the text.
It is when you can easily point out the information in the passage. Meanwhile, an implicit claim is indirectly
expressed in the text and you need to look for clues or make inferences to understand its meaning.

Whenever you read something, you find yourself looking for the writer’s point or position regarding the
chosen topic. That point is also known as the claim, or the central argument or thesis statement of the
text. This claim is what the writer tries to prove in the text by providing details, explanations, and other
types of evidence. As such, it is usually found in the introduction or in the first few paragraphs of the text.

The claim is the most important part of the text. The quality and complexity of the reading depend on
the claim because the claim defines the paper’s direction and scope. The claim is a sentence that
summarizes the most important thing that the writer wants to say as a result of his/her thinking,
reading, or writing.

Characteristics of a good claim

1. A claim should be argumentative and debatable.

When a writer makes a claim, he/she is making a case for a particular perspective on the
topic. Readers expect to be able to object to your claim, and they can only raise objections if
the claim is something that can be reasonably challenged. Claims that are only factual or
based on opinion, thus, are not debatable.
2. A claim should be specific and focused.
If the claim is unfocused, the paper will be too broad in scope and will lack direction and a clear
connection to the support provided. It may also lead to over generalizations and vague
assertions.
3. A claim should be interesting and engaging.
It should hook the reader, who may or may not agree with you, to encourage them to consider your
perspective and learn something new from you.
4. A claim should be logical.
It should result from a reasonable weighing of support provided.

Here are some questions to help you determine the writer’s claim while you are reading a text:
• What is the author’s main point?
• What is the author’s position regarding it?

TYPES OF CLAIMS

1
 There are three types of claims in written texts. One of which is the claim of fact. Simply, this claim is
a statement that reports, describes predicts, make causal claims, or whether something is a settled fact.

1. A claim of fact makes an assertion about something that can be proved or disproved with factual
evidence. However, keep in mind the basic quality of claims, that they have to be debatable, and offer an
assertion about an issue. So, a claim of fact for a logical argument cannot simply consist of a statistic or
proven fact. It needs, instead, to focus on an assertion which uses facts to back it up, but for which the
evidence might still be debatable. In other words, if you make a claim of fact, you show factual evidence
(examples, data, research reports) that prove your claim.

A claim of fact states a quantifiable assertion or a measurable topic. They assert that
something has existed, exists, or will exist based on data. They rely on reliable sources or
systematic procedures to be validated; this is what makes them different from inferences.

Claims of fact usually answers a “what” question. When determining whether something is a claim of fact, the
following questions are useful:
 Is this issue related to a possible cause or effect?
 Is this statement true or false? How can its truthfulness be verified?
 Is this claim controversial or debatable?

Look at the two examples below. What makes them claims of fact?

1. Smoking causes cancer.

2. People can reduce the severity of depression by increasing their sunlight
exposure each day.

In the first claim, what causes cancer? The answer is smoking. Is it true? Can it be verified?
How? Does it exist? Is this debatable? Is there someone saying otherwise?

If most of your answers to these questions are yes, then it is a claim of fact.

How about the second claim? How will you prove its type? Can you use the same process of
questioning? The answer is yes.

Remember that when you are trying to find factual claims, terms don’t help much, but you
could look for time-related terms such as "in the past," or "in the future" and causal terms such
as "leads to", "improves", "destroys", or "is caused by."
Activity 1: Read the text and write down E if the piece of information is explicit or write down I if it
is implicit.

“Congratulations, Rosie! Your parents must be proud of you.” The teacher greeted her with delight. It
was graduation day and Rosie managed to stand on stage and delivered her speech in front of her fellow
graduates and guests. She ended her speech thanking her Alma mater and her parents and said, “Let us
trust God’s plan.”
Rosie left the stage with tears in her eyes as the clicking of the medals could be heard from afar.
As she approached her parents, they kissed her and gave her a big hug and uttered, “We love you,
dear! Your success is our success. We will surely celebrate at home.

1. The teacher congratulated Rosie.

2. Rosie stood on stage and delivered her speech.
3. Rosie was full of happiness.
4. Rosie was a hard-working and intelligent student.
5. The parents of Rosie promised to celebrate her success.

Activity 2. Put a check mark () if the statement is a claim of fact and put a cross mark (X) if it is not.
1. The Department of Education shows its readiness on the ‘new normal’ in the teaching and learning
process.
2. Curfew must be enforced by parents to their children.
3. Vaping can have same side effects as smoking.
4. The closing of Philippine borders to tourists is one way to slow down the spread of COVID-19.
5. Doing videos in TikTok is more exciting than vlogging.
6. Research says that people can reduce stress by taking a nap.
7. It is more beneficial for a child to grow up speaking more than one language than knowing only his or
her mother tongue.
2
 8. National ID system should now be implemented in the Philippines.
9. Neil Armstrong made a history as the first man to walk on the moon.
10. Watching K-Drama is the best form of entertainment.

Activity 3. Write an essay about “Social Media: Benefits and Drawbacks”. In this essay, you are REQUIRED
to use claims of fact. Underline the claim(s) you used. A rubric is attached for your reference on checking the
essay. The highest point that you can get for each criterion is five (5). This writing activity will have a total score
of 20. Write your essay at the back portion of this paper.

RUBRIC FOR ESSAY

CRITERIA Highest SCORE
Possible Score
Use of Claims 5
Did you use 5 or more arguable claims?
Content 5
Does your paragraph show focus on the central idea?
Did you provide evidences to support your claim?
Structure 5
Did your paragraph show smooth and logical transition?
Is it organized with a good flow of thought?
Conventions 5
Does your paragraph show little or no errors in sentence structure,
spelling, capitalization, and punctuation?
Did you use formal vocabulary with appropriate tone?
TOTAL 20

GRADE 11 -
READING AND
WRITING
Quarter 3 Week 6
“Identify claims explicitly or implicitly made in a written text: CLAIMS OF POLICY ”
Name: __________________________________________________
Grade level & Section: _____________________________________

Claim of policy is the argument where actions should be carried out. Basically, it is perceived as a relatively
direct statement. This claim can also be called claim of solution because it suggests and supports policies and
solutions, and the action to be taken is based on the results. You will know if a statement is a claim of policy
if there is an action to be done or a solution to be taken.

Claims of policy attempt to persuade you or others to take some action or change a behavior
usually to solve a problem. You can easily identify a claim of policy for it uses terms like
"should", "ought" and "must".

The following questions will be used in evaluating a claim of policy.

 Does the claim suggest a specific remedy to solve the problem?

 Is the policy clearly defined?
 Is the need for the policy established?
 Is the policy the best one available? For whom? According to whose standards?
 How does the policy solve the problem?

Activity 1. Analyze each statement below. Then answer the guide questions.
1. Gender equality should be supported by every Filipino.
Is there an action to be done?
If yes, what is that action?
What type of claim is this?
2. The pandemic which the world is experiencing takes away lives; thus, Filipinos
are ought to stay at home.
3
 Is there an action to be done?
If yes, what is that action?
What type of claim is this?
3. The Bayanihan to Heal as One Act is implemented to fight COVID 19 crisis and
therefore should be obeyed.
Is there an action to be done?
If yes, what is that action?
What type of claim is this?
4. Spreading fake news in the midst of pandemic will not help at all; hence, by all
means it should be stopped.
Is there an action to be done?
If yes, what is that action?
What type of claim is this?
5. Frontliners save lives while sacrificing their own; discrimination of these
people should not be tolerated.
Is there an action to be done?
If yes, what is that action?
What type of claim is this?

Activity 2. Complete the sentence by writing down the letter of the correct word.

A. Should E. e. discipline
B. Result F. f. problem
C. Intervention G g. action
D. Comparison h. love
1. Claim of policy is also called claim of solution because it proposes ____________ to solve the existing
problem.
2. ______________ is the main element of claim of policy.
3. The suggested action is based on the identified ______________.
4. “Ought”, “must”, and _____________ can be directly or indirectly stated in the claim.
5. In claim of policy, one can notice the possible solution because there is an existing __________________.
Activity 3. On a separate sheet, write ‘CP’ if the given statement is a claim of policy and ‘NCP’ if
not.
1. Anti-Text Scam Bill should be passed as law to protect the people.
2. Euthanasia also known as mercy killing is against the Law of God.
3. We should not support nor do Euthanasia or mercy killing in the Philippines because it is still an act of
killing.
4. There should be criminal charges brought against people who use social media to bully people.
5. Honesty is the best policy.
Activity 4. Pretend that you are one of the officers of the Supreme Student Government (SSG) in your school
and you are tasked to write a report about your school. The report should contain three current problems or
concerns experienced by students like you. More so, a possible solution for each problem should also be
proposed. Merge your identified problems and solutions to produce three claims of policy. Be guided by the
rubric that follows. Write your report at the back portion of this paper.

Points Descriptions
 All the details that are being asked are included.
 Writing shows high degree of attention to logical content.
3  No spelling or grammatical errors
 Some important details may be missing.
 Some points remain misplaced and stray from the topic.
2  Few mechanical errors
 Many details are missing.
 Most of the points remain misplaced and stray from the topic.
1  Many mechanical errors
4
5