TEKTONIK INDONESIA :

Suatu Pendekatan

Oleh:
C.PRASETYADI
Jur. T. Geologi – UPN VY
(email: cprasetyadi@upnyk.ac.id)
Present Day Tectonic
of
Indonesia
 Tectonic setting classification of
sedimentary basins
The movement of tectonic plates results in:
 Mountain belts where two areas of continental crust collide,
 Subduction zones with associated volcanic arcs where oceanic crust is
consumed at plate margins,
 Oceans form at places where plates are moving apart and
 Major fault zones where plates move past each other.
All these different tectonic settings are also areas where sediment can
accumulate.

At a simple level, 3 main settings of basin formation can be recognised:

Basin associated with:
a) regional extension within and between plates;
b) convergent plate boundaries;
c) strike-slip plate boundaries.
(Nichols, 2006)
 Basins in extensional settings

Basin Introduction Nichols, 2008 (RHUL Basin Dynamics Moodle)

Basins in extensional settings
Starting in continental crust

Location:
Within continental crust

Type of basement:
Cont crust

Location:
Within continental crust

Type of basement:
Cont crust

Basin Introduction Nichols, 2008 (RHUL Basin Dynamics Moodle)

Basins in extensional settings

Location:
continental margin

Type of basement:
Cont & oceanic crust

Basin Introduction Nichols, 2008 (RHUL Basin Dynamics Moodle)

Basins in convergent (compressional) settings

Subduction

Collision

Basin Introduction Nichols, 2008 (RHUL Basin Dynamics Moodle)

Basins in strike-slip settings

Basin Introduction Nichols, 2008 (RHUL Basin Dynamics Moodle)

 continental
Tectonic setting of sedimentary basins (3 settings)
margin
Oceanic basin
Intracratonic
Intracratonic
sag basin Terrestrial
sag basin Terrestrial Passive
riftbasin
rift basin Passive
continental
continental
margin
margin
EXTENSIONAL Oceanic
Oceanic basin
basin
SETTINGS
Foreland basin
Backarc basin
Foreland
Forelandbasin
basin
Backarc
Forearc basin
Backarc basin
Forearc Trench
basin
Forearc basin
CONVERGENT Trench
Trench
SETTINGS

Strike-slip basins
Strike-slip basins
Strike-slip basins

STRIKE-SLIP
SETTINGS

Basin Introduction Nichols, 2008 (RHUL Basin Dynamics Moodle)

 DISTRIBUSI JENIS KERAK

MetCalfe 2013
Collision geometry: Depending on the shape and direction of collision

(Van der Puijm & Marshak, 2009)

 PLATE BOUNDARIES
• ACTIVE MARGINS
– SUBDUCTION ZONES
– OBDUCTION ZONES
– TRANSDUCTION
ZONES (Sorong Fault
zone)
• PASSIVE MARGINS
(Eastern Kalimantan)
– Delta Basin
– Carbonate
Platform
• COLLISION ZONES &
OROGENIC BELTS
(Papua & Sulawesi)
Is there any TECTONIC REGION in Indonesia?
 TECTONIC REGION:
principal tectonic domain

• WESTERN
INDONESIA: STABLE
SUNDA CONTINENT
• CENTRAL
INDONESIA: MICRO-
CONTINENTS AND
OCEANIC BASINS
• EAST INDONESIA:
STABLE
SAHUL/AUSTRALIAN
CONTINENT
KERANGKA TEKTONIK

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB (2008)

 POLYHISTORY:
STAGES IN
CONTINENT-CONTINENT COLLISION

(Van der Puijm & Marshak, 2004)

Pre-Collision

Intial stage of Collision

Mature stage of Collision

EXTENSIONAL TO COMPRESSIONAL:
Evolution of Passive Margin

• Drifting passive margin basin

sedimentation
• Subduction  back-arc, intra-arc and fore-
arc basins
• Obduction foreland basins & fore deeps
• Continent to continent collision Suture
related foreland and fore deep basins
 POLYHISTORY

Generalized Stratigraphy : SOUTHERN MOUNTAIN

Prasetyadi & Indranadi (2008)

 Dasar-dasar pendekatan

1. Teori TEKTONIK LEMPENG

2. Basement: Komposisi &
Konfigurasi (‘boundary’)
3. Polyhistory (polyphase)
4. Tektonostratigrafi
 BASIN EVOLUTION
• Sedimentary basins evolved from
one to another type
• Superimposition of various type of
basin
• Sedimentary sequences of various
types of basin can be analyzed in
tectono-stratigraphic sequences
 EVOLUTION OF PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN:
Extensional to compressional
PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN
developing into a
CARBONATE PLATFORM

Contoh: Indonesia Timur –Australian continental margin

• Drifting passive margin basin

sedimentation
• Subduction  back-arc, intra-arc and
fore-arc basins
• Obduction foreland basins & fore deeps
• Continent to continent collision Suture
related foreland and fore deep basins
TECTONIC INVERSION

• During the transition from extensional

to compressional tectonic regime a
tectonic inversion often takes place
• Faults are reactivated with inversion of
direction of movement
• Lower parts of the basin e.g. ‘graben’
are inverted into highs within the
sedimentary basin
• Inversion is a common feature in
Tertiary sedimentary basin on the
Sunda Shelf
TECTONIC INVERSION Hall & Morley, 2004
TECTONIC INVERSION

Meirita 2003
 TECTONO-STRATIGRAPHY
• To arrange sedimentary strata in its tectonic
environment
• Tectono-stratigraphic sequences are separated
by unconformities which reflects a tectonic event
• The tectonics event caused a change in the
tectonic environment are e.g. rifting, sagging,
collision, uplift, dsb.
• Each tectonic environment is characterized by a
certain facies association
 TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHIC TERMS

• Pre-Rift
• Syn-Rift
• Post-Rift, Sag
• Passive Margin Deposition (Syn-drift?)
• Pre-Orogenic (Pre-Collision)
• Syn-Orogenic (Syn-Collision)
• Post Orogenic (Post Collision)
TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHY
Contoh perkembangan tektonostratigrafi
Puncak Jaya Wijaya (Papua)
(Sapiie, 2006)
W Indonesia Paleogene Rift- W Indonesia Neogene Sedimentary
Basins Basins

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
W-Indonesia Tertiary Stratigraphy

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
(Doust & Noble 2008)
(Doust & Noble 2008)
Stages, background tectonics & geodynamic events of Indonesian Basins

(Doust & Noble 2008)

Four stages of tectonostratigraphic evolution

1. Early Synrift (Eocene to Oligocene)—period of rift graben formation and the following period of maximum
subsidence. Deposition is limited to early-formed half-grabens.
2. Late Synrift (Late Oligocene to Early Miocene)—period of waning subsidence in the graben, when individual rift
elements amalgamated to form extensive lowlands that filled with paralic sediments.
3. Early Postrift (Early to Middle Miocene)—period of tectonic quiescence following marine transgression that covered
the existing graben–horst topography.
4. Late Postrift (Middle Miocene to Pliocene)—periods of inversion and folding, during which regressive deltas were
formed.
TECTONIC MODEL
TECTONIC MODEL: Accretionary Orogen/ Accretionary Tectonic

Hall 2009

GEOL.EVENTS OLDER YOUNGER

From where we start to study?

Hall 2009
PRE-TERTIARY TECTONIC EVOLUTION Hall et al., 2009
TERTIARY TECTONIC EVOLUTION Hall et al., 2009
ENERGY RESOURCES MAP OF INDONESIA (IAGI, 1985)
 PETA CEKUNGAN

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB (2008)

• 83 BASINS
• 23 NEWLY RECOGNIZED BASINS
EARTHQUAKE & VOLCANIC COUNTRY !!!
Krakatoa Eruption