Material Testing lab (18ME36B) Mechanical Engineering Department III SEMESTER B. E.

Experiment No. ……….

AIM: To perform bending test on wooden specimen on Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and determine
Modulus of Rupture and Modulus of Elasticity

OBJECT: To determine the values of bending stresses and young’s modulus of the material of a beam
(say a wooden or steel) simply supported at the ends and carrying a concentrated load at the center.

APPARATUS USED:
1) UTM (Beam apparatus)
2) Bending fixture
3) Vernier caliper
4) Specimen/ meter rod
5. test piece

Theory and Principle

If the beam is supports at the two ends, the beam is known simply supported beam. When a
beam is subjected to load the beam goes under deformation. The difference between the elastic
curve to original position of the beam is called deflection. When a simply supported beam
subjected to point load at the midpoint, the beam bends concave upwards.

The modulus of elasticity in bending and bending strength is determined by applying a load to
the center of a test piece supported at two points. The modulus of elasticity is calculated by
using the slope of the linear region of the load-deflection curve.

The bending strength of each test piece is calculated by determining the ratio of the bending
moment M, at the maximum load Fmax, to the moment of its full cross-section.

For a simply supported beam with central loading, deflection under the load is given by :
The deflection at mid-point is given by

From above equation

Where

W = Applied load / Load acting at the center, N

L = Effective span of the beam/Length of the beam between the supports mm
E =Young’s modulus of material of the beam, N/mm2
I = Moment of inertia/ Second moment of area of the cross- section (i.e, moment of Inertia) of the
beam, about the neutral axis, mm4

where
b= width of beam and d= depth of the beam

Dr. S B Mallur, professor, UBDTCE, Davanagere 1

 Material Testing lab (18ME36B) Mechanical Engineering Department III SEMESTER B. E.
BENDING STRESS:
When the stress produced to due to bending moment, the stress is known as bending stress. The
bending stress can be obtained by bending equation

Where
E =Young’s modulus of material of the beam, N/mm2
R= radius of curvature
M=bending moment= ML/4. Nmm
I =Second moment of area of the cross- section, mm4
f= bending stress, N/mm2
y=distance from N.A. ,mm
For simply supported beam bending moment is zero at supports and maximum at mid-point when
the load is symmetrical
DIAGRAM:

Figure 4.1 Simply supported beam with concentrated load at mid

Dr. S B Mallur, professor, UBDTCE, Davanagere 2

 Material Testing lab (18ME36B) Mechanical Engineering Department III SEMESTER B. E.

Dr. S B Mallur, professor, UBDTCE, Davanagere 3

 Material Testing lab (18ME36B) Mechanical Engineering Department III SEMESTER B. E.

PROCEDURE:
1. Measure the length, width and thickness of test piece, by vernier caliper.
2. Adjust the supports alone the UTM bed so that they are symmetrically with respect to the length of
the bed
3. Place the beam on the knife-edges on the blocks so as to project equally beyond each knife-edge.
See that the load is applied at the center of the beam.
4. Place the bending fixture on the lower cross head of the testing m/c.
5. Place the test piece on the rollers of the bending fixture.
6. By loading the dial gauge in a stand, make its spindle knob the test piece.
7. Start the m/c and note down the load and dial gauge readings.
8. Note down the maximum deflection and the maximum load.
9. Draw a graph between load (W) and deflection (δ). On the graph choose any two convenient points
and between these points find the corresponding values of W and (δ).
10. Calculate youngs modulus and bending equaion using relation
11. Plot the graph between load and deflection.

Dr. S B Mallur, professor, UBDTCE, Davanagere 4

 Material Testing lab (18ME36B) Mechanical Engineering Department III SEMESTER B. E.
OBSERVATION:
1) Least count of vernier caliper = …………mm
2) Length of beam (L) = ………………….. mm
3) Width of beam (b) = ………………….…mm

4) Thickness of beam (t) = ……………...… mm

5) Load (W) = …………………………….. N
6) Deflection (δ ) = ………………. mm
7) Young‟s Modulus (E) …………. N/mm2
CALCULATION:

Dr. S B Mallur, professor, UBDTCE, Davanagere 5

 Material Testing lab (18ME36B) Mechanical Engineering Department III SEMESTER B. E.

Sl.No Load (kN) Load (N) Deformation (mm)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

Dr. S B Mallur, professor, UBDTCE, Davanagere 6

 Material Testing lab (18ME36B) Mechanical Engineering Department III SEMESTER B. E.
Graph:

Results:

The young’s modulus for steel beam/wooden beam is found to be----- N/mm2.

The bending stress for steel beam/wooden beam is found to be----- N/mm2

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Test piece should be properly touching the fixture.
2. Test piece should be straight.
3. Take reading carefully.
4. Elastic limit of the beam should not be exceeded.
5. Apply the loads gradually so that we can read the deflection against each reading easily.
6. Stay away from the machine when the load is being applied as the particles may cause an
injury.

Dr. S B Mallur, professor, UBDTCE, Davanagere 7

 Material Testing lab (18ME36B) Mechanical Engineering Department III SEMESTER B. E.

The relations for Moment of Inertia area as follows.

Dr. S B Mallur, professor, UBDTCE, Davanagere 8