MC-VPAA-FN-0008-CM012022

December 31, 2021

PA 104: Knowledge
Management and ICT
in PA
Module No. 9: Hand out for Final Exam
Bachelor of Public Administration
Public Administration Course

EDWARD HARRIS B. SARMIENTO, LPT

PARTTIME
Instructional Course Module No. 9
Instructor: Edward Harris B. Sarmiento, LPT

Subject Code : PA104

Descriptive Title : Knowledge Management and ICT in PA

I. Greeting/Salutation
A pleasant day to one and all. I am Mr. Sarmiento your instructor for this subject. The
shift of the educational paradigm from traditional to new normal has impacted both our
personal and professional aspects of our life. Thus, we still strive to survive.

The pandemic has not halted our educational system but has made it into another
mode of learning, the distance learning. On a personal note, I am very much oblige to
serve you with utmost integrity and give you a pleasant learning process along the way
using the present learning modality. I know this is not easy but not impossible as well.
Together with your help I am confident that we can be able to bring out the best of one
another, the greater good. Thank you so much.

II. Course Description

The essential principles of Knowledge Management (KM) and how KM and Customer
Relationship Management (CRM) technology work, and how they give impact the
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure for public
administration. Also shows how to use team-building and goal-setting exercises to create
excellent KM/CRM projects and how to align e-business strategies and technology choices.

III. Objectives
The purpose of the course is to familiarize students with current emerging issues in
the use of computer and information technology in the public sector. By the end of the
semester, students will…
 Develop a basic knowledge on the impact of information technology on public
administration as well as public policy decision-making;
 Identify and perform the ways on knowledge management and apply them as a
public servant;
 Internalize the importance of knowledge management; and
 Synthesize and apply knowledge to discover new opportunities and to manage
and eliminate threats of using advanced computer and information technology
in order to solve public policy and management problems.

IV. General Instructional Guidelines

1. Read the instructions carefully.
2. Answer the modules comprehensively and honestly as possible. Remember that
HE is watching.
3. Always remember to take and break. Please talk to me if you have difficulties in
our subject.
4. Always crave for more learning, do your own research if you must. Do not settle
for less.
5. Always check your respective messenger group chats for any announcements
regarding the subject.
Note: You can contact me via Cellular number or in Facebook Messenger.

Cell Number: 0975-594-4968

FB Account: Edward Harris Sarmiento

Note: If it is not urgent, please message me first via phone or fb messenger before you
make a call.

V. Learning Outcomes
Student will be able to…
1. Formulate Logical – IF Function
2. Formulate Logical – AND Function
3. Formulate Logical – Nested IF Function
4. Formulate Logical – OR Function

VI. Pre-Test Evaluation (Assessment)

Directions: Answer this with all honesty. Answer this without reading first the discussion
part of your module. This will be recorded but not graded. Deadline is on January 12,
2021.

1. What is Logical – IF Function?

2. What is Logical – AND Function?
3. What is Logical – OR Function?
4. What is Logical – Nested IF Function?
VII. Discussions
LOGICAL – IF FUNCTION

IF
What does it do?
It checks whether a condition is true or not and on the basis of that
returns a value
Syntax
=if(Logical_Test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

Logical_Test
This will be the condition which you want to check, so greater than,
less than or equal to signs can be used for numbers. When you want to
evaluate a condition based on text value, then use double quotes ('')
with equal to signs (Row 27 for example)
Value_if_True
If the logical test holds, then excel will return this value

Value_if_False
If the logical test does not hold, then excel will return this value

Example
Using IF formula to identify if a student has passed an exam or not
A B C D
21 Student ID Marks Pass or Fail Formula
22 S001 90 Pass =IF(B22>=40,"Pass","Fail")
23 S002 70 Pass =IF(B23>=40,"Pass","Fail")
24 S003 20 Fail =IF(B24>=40,"Pass","Fail")
25 S004 41 Pass =IF(B25>=40,"Pass","Fail")

Note
If instead of marks, we had Grades A, B, C i.e. text values then the
above formulas would have changed by
IF(B22= 'A',"Pass","Fail")
 LOGICAL – AND FUNCTION

AND
What does it do?
Checks if all arguments are true and returns TRUE value else returns FALSE value. You need to have minimum 2
conditions to check. AND function is used with IF condition a lot

Syntax
=AND(Logical 1, Logical 2, Logical 3, and so on..)

Logical 1
First condition which needs to be checked

Logical 2
Second condition which needs to be checked

Example 1
Testing condition 1 and condition 2 to check the numbers are greater than 0 using AND
A B C D
18 Condition 1 Condition 2 Result Formula
19 1 2 TRUE =AND(A19>0,B19>0)
20 1 -2 FALSE =AND(A20>0,B20>0)

Example 2
Use IF with AND function to check if student has passed or not. If the student has failed in 1 of the 2 subjects, then
the student will be considered as Failed
A B C D E
25 Student ID Subject 1 Subject 2 Overall Result Formula
26 S001 PASS PASS PASS =IF(AND(B26="PASS",C26="PASS"),"PASS","FAIL")
27 S002 PASS FAIL FAIL =IF(AND(B27="PASS",C27="PASS"),"PASS","FAIL")
28 S003 FAIL PASS FAIL =IF(AND(B28="PASS",C28="PASS"),"PASS","FAIL")
29 S004 PASS PASS PASS =IF(AND(B29="PASS",C29="PASS"),"PASS","FAIL")
 LOGICAL – OR FUNCTION

OR
What does it do?
Checks if any of the conditions are true or not. It returns TRUE value even if one of the conditions holds else returns FALSE
value. Basically, for a FALSE to appear, no conditions should hold. You need to have minimum 2 conditions to check. AND
function is used with IF condition a lot

Syntax
=OR(Logical 1, Logical 2, Logical 3, and so on..)

Logical 1
First condition which needs to be checked

Logical 2
Second condition which needs to be checked

Example 1
Testing condition 1 and condition 2 to check the numbers are greater than 0 using OR
A B C D
19 Condition 1 Condition 2 Result Formula
20 1 2 TRUE =OR(A20>0,B20>0)
21 1 -2 TRUE =OR(A21>0,B21>0)
22 -1 -2 FALSE =OR(A22>0,B22>0)

Example 2
Use IF with OR function to check if student has passed or not. If the student has failed in 1 of the 2 subjects, then the student
will be considered as Failed
A B C D E
27 Student ID Subject 1 Subject 2 Overall Result Formula
28 S001 PASS PASS PASS =IF(OR(B28="FAIL",C28="FAIL"),"FAIL","PASS")
29 S002 PASS FAIL FAIL =IF(OR(B29="FAIL",C29="FAIL"),"FAIL","PASS")
30 S003 FAIL PASS FAIL =IF(OR(B30="FAIL",C30="FAIL"),"FAIL","PASS")
31 S004 PASS PASS PASS =IF(OR(B31="FAIL",C31="FAIL"),"FAIL","PASS")
 LOGICAL – NESTED IF FUNCTION

Nested IF's
What does it do?
Nested IF conditions help in checking multiple conditions together by using IF conditions within IF condition.

Syntax
=if(Logical_Test, [value_if_true], if(Logical_Test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false]))

Logical_Test
This will be

Value_if_True
If the logical test holds, then excel will return this value

Value_if_False
If the logical test does not hold, then excel will return this value

Nested IF
From Excel 2007 onwards, we can use 64 IF conditions in one formula whereas Excel 2003 allows for ony 7 IF conditions

Example
Use Nested IF to put the grade a student gets in an exam in Table B. Score Ranges for different grades are given in Table
A.

A B C D E F G
24 TABLE A TABLE B
25 Score Grade Student ID Marks Grade Formula
26 > 70 A S001 90 A =IF(E26< 41,"C",IF(E26< 71,"B","A"))
27 41-70 B S002 70 B =IF(E27< 41,"C",IF(E27< 71,"B","A"))
28 < 40 C S003 20 C =IF(E28< 41,"C",IF(E28< 71,"B","A"))
29 S004 41 B =IF(E29< 41,"C",IF(E29< 71,"B","A"))
 VIII. Post-Test Evaluation Activity (Assessment)
Directions: I will give the post test right after our virtual discussion. Discussion will be
recorded for those who can’t attend. Virtual Discussion is on third week of January 2022,
exact date will be announced soon.

IX. Terminology/Definition of Terms

Logical-IF Function, is one of the most popular functions in Excel, and it allows you to
make logical comparisons between a value and what you expect.

Logical-AND Function, is a logical function used to require more than one condition at
the same time. AND returns either TRUE or FALSE.

Logical-OR Function, returns TRUE if any of the conditions are TRUE and returns FALSE
if all conditions are false.

Logical-Nested IF Function, By using the OR function you can check two or more
different conditions in the logical test of each IF function and return TRUE if any (at least
one) of the OR arguments evaluates to TRUE.

X. Summary
Logical functions are used in spreadsheets to test whether a situation is true or false.
Depending on the result of that test, you can then elect to do one thing or another. These
decisions can be used to display information, perform different calculations, or to perform
further tests.

XI. Rubrics/Criteria for the Assessments Conducted

XII. References (Resources and Media)

https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/excel/

XIII. Attachments (optional)