Theory of equation

Aims Tutorial MATHEMATICS-IIA

Equations with roots are in A.P, G.P, H.P 2. Solve the equation roots being in G.P

1. Solve the equation roots being in A.P 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎

𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟎

Sol: Given
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎
Sol: Given
𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 − 24𝑥 2 + 23𝑥 + 18 = 0

{𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = −24, 𝑐 = 23, 𝑑 = 18} {𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = −26, 𝑐 = 52, 𝑑 = −24}

Given that roots are in A.P Given that roots are in G.P
𝑎
Let the roots 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑 in A.P Let the roots , 𝑎, 𝑎𝑟 in G.P
𝑟

𝑏 𝑑
𝑆1 = 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = − 𝑆3 = 𝛼𝛽𝛾 = − 𝑎
𝑎

−24 𝑎 24
⇨(𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 ) = − 𝑟
. 𝑎. 𝑎𝑟 = −(− 3 )
4

⇨ 3𝑎 = 6 ⇨a=2 ⇨𝑎3 = 8 = 23

∴(x-2) is a factor of 𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟎 a=2

2 4 -24 23 18 ∴(x-2) is a factor of 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎

0 8 -32 -18 1 3 -26 52 -24

4 -16 -9 0 0 6 -40 24
Aims

⇨4𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 − 9 = 0 3 -20 12 0

⇨4𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 9 = 0 ⇨3𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 12 = 0

⇨2𝑥(2𝑥 − 9) + 1(2𝑥 − 9) = 0 ⇨3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 12 = 0

⇨(2𝑥 − 9)(2𝑥 + 1) = 0 ⇨3𝑥(𝑥 − 6) − 2(𝑥 − 6) = 0

⇨(2𝑥 − 9) = 0, (2𝑥 + 1) = 0 ⇨(𝑥 − 6)(3𝑥 − 2) = 0

9 1 ⇨(𝑥 − 6) = 0, (3𝑥 − 2) = 0
⇨𝑥 = 2 , 𝑥 = − 2
2
1 9 ⇨𝑥 = 6, 𝑥 = 3
∴ The roots are − , 2,
2 2
∴The roots are 2/3, 2, 6.
(H/W)

𝟖𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟖𝒙 + 𝟖𝟏 = 𝟎

(H/W)
𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖 = 𝟎
𝟓𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎

Laq Q No.19 Theory of equation

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Aims Tutorial MATHEMATICS-IIA

3. Solve the equation, given that roots are in H.P 4. Solve the equation

𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖𝟏𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝒙 + 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟎 Given that one root is

equal to half the sum of the remaining roots.
Sol: Given
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎 … (𝟏) Sol: Given
1 15 23 9
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖𝟏𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝒙 + 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟎
Put 𝑦 = so that − + −1=0
𝑥 𝒚𝟑 𝒚𝟐 𝑦
{𝑎 = 18, 𝑏 = 81, 𝑐 = 121, 𝑑 = 60}
𝟑 𝟐
⇨ 𝒚 − 𝟗 𝒚 + 𝟐𝟑𝒚 − 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎… (2)
Let the roots 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾
Given that roots of (1) are in H.P, so the roots of (2) are 𝛼+𝛾
Given that 𝛽 = ⇨ 2𝛽 = 𝛼 + 𝛾 … (1)
in A.P 2

Let the roots 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑 in A.P

{𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −9, 𝑐 = 23, 𝑑 = −15} 𝑏

𝑆1 = 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = −
𝑎
𝑏
𝑆1 = 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = − 𝑎 81
⇨(𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 ) = −( )
18
9 9
⇨(𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 ) = −(− 1) ⇨ 3𝑎 = − ⇨a=-3/2
2

⇨ 3𝑎 = 9 ⇨a=3 ∴(𝑥 + 3/2 ) is a factor of 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖𝟏𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝒙 + 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟎

∴(y-3) is a factor of 𝒚𝟑 − 𝟗 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝟑𝒚 − 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎 3
−2 18 81 121 60
3 1 -9 23 -15
0 -27 -81 -60
Aims
0 3 -18 15
18 -54 40 0
1 -6 5 0

⇨𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 5 = 0
(÷ 𝑏𝑦 2)
2
⇨𝑦 − 5𝑦 − 1𝑦 + 5 = 0
⇨9𝑥 2 − 27𝑥 − 20 = 0
⇨𝑦(𝑦 − 5) − 1(𝑦 − 5) = 0
⇨9𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 − 12𝑥 − 20 = 0
⇨(𝑦 − 5)(𝑦 − 11) = 0
⇨3𝑥(3𝑥 − 5) + 4(3𝑥 − 5) = 0
⇨(𝑦 − 5) = 0, (𝑦 − 1) = 0
⇨(3𝑥 − 5)(3𝑥 + 4) = 0
⇨𝑦 = 5, 𝑦 = 1
⇨(3𝑥 − 5) = 0, (3𝑥 + 4) = 0
∴ The roots are 1, 3, 5 𝑖𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃 5 4
⇨𝑥 = 3 , 𝑥 = − 3
1 1
∴ The roots are1, , 𝑖𝑛 𝐻. 𝑃
3 5 3 4 5
∴ The roots are − , − , −
2 3 3
(H/W)

𝟔𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎

Laq Q No.19 Theory of equation

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Aims Tutorial MATHEMATICS-IIA

Reciprocal Equations 6. Solve

𝟐𝒙𝟓 + 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎.
5. Solve the eq’’n 𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given eq’’n is a reciprocal eq’’n of first class
𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎. and add degree. So -1 is a root of it.
𝑆𝑜𝑙: Given eq’’n 𝑩𝒚 𝒔𝒚𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 3 + 26𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 1 = 0…. (1)
𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞 ′′ 𝑛𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 − 𝐼 2 1 -12 -12 1 2
Dividing both sides by ‘’ 𝑥 2 " 0 -2 1 11 1 -2
𝑥4 10𝑥 3 26𝑥 2 10𝑥 1
⇨𝑥 2 − 𝑥2
+ 𝑥2
− 𝑥2 + 𝑥2 = 0
10 1 2 -1 -11 -1 2 0
⇨𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 26 − + =0
𝑥 𝑥2
1 1
⇨(𝑥 2 + ) − 10 (𝑥 + ) + 26 = 0
𝑥2 𝑥 Now the given eq’’n can be written as
(x+1)( 𝟐𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝒙 + 𝟐) = 𝟎.
1 1
Let 𝑥 + = 𝑝 ⇨ 𝑥 2 + = 𝑝2 − 2 Consider 2𝑥 4 − 1𝑥 3 − 11𝑥 2 − 1𝑥 + 2 = 0.
𝑥 𝑥2 ÷ 𝑥2
2𝑥 4 𝑥3 𝑥2 𝑥 2
⇨ − − 11 − + =0
⇨𝑝2 − 2 − 10𝑝 + 26 = 0 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2
1
𝑥2
2
𝑥2
⇨2𝑥 2 − 1𝑥 − 11 − + =0
⇨𝑝2 − 10𝑝 + 24 = 0 1
𝑥 𝑥2
1
⇨𝑝2 − 4𝑝 − 6𝑝 + 24 = 0 ⇨2 (𝑥 2 + ) − 1 (𝑥 + ) − 11 = 0
𝑥2 𝑥

⇨(𝑝 − 4) − 6(𝑝 − 4) = 0 1 1
Let 𝑥 + = 𝑝 ⇨ 𝑥 2 + = 𝑝2 − 2
⇨(𝑝 − 4)(𝑝 − 6) = 0 𝑥 𝑥2

⇨(𝑝 − 4) = 0 , (𝑝 − 6) = 0
⇨2(𝑝2 − 2) − 1𝑝 − 11 = 0
⇨2𝑝2 − 4 − 𝑝 − 11 = 0
⇨ 𝑝 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝=6 ⇨2𝑝2 − 𝑝 − 15 = 0
⇨2𝑝2 − 6𝑝 + 5𝑝 − 15 = 0
⇨2𝑝(𝑝 − 3) + 5(𝑝 − 3) = 0
Case (1) case (2)
Aims ⇨(𝑝 − 3)(2𝑝 + 5) = 0
⇨(𝑝 − 3) = 0 , (2𝑝 + 5) = 0
1 1
𝑥+𝑥 =4 𝑥+𝑥 =6
5
𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 +1 ⇨ 𝑝 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝 = −2
⇨ =4 =6
𝑥 𝑥2
⇨ 𝑥 2 + 1 = 4𝑥 𝑥 2 + 1 = 6𝑥
⇨ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0 2
𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 1 = 0 Case (1) case (2)

1 1 −5
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑥+𝑥 =3 𝑥+𝑥 = 2
𝑥=
2𝑎 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 +1 5
⇨ 𝑥
=3 𝑥2
= −2
4±√4 2 −4.1.1 6±√62 −4.1.1 ⇨ 𝑥 2 + 1 = 3𝑥 2𝑥 2 + 2 = −5𝑥
= =
2.1 2.1 ⇨ 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 = 0 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 2 = 0

4±√16−4 6±√36−4
= = −𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
2 2 𝑥= 2𝑎

4±√12 6±√32
= = 3±√32 −4.1.1 −5±√52 −4.2.2
2 2 = =
2.1 2.2

4±2√3 6±4√2
= = 3±√9−4 −5±√25−16
2 2 = =
(2±√3) 2(3±2√2) 2 4
=2 2
= 2
3±√5 −5±√9
= 2
= 4
= (2 ± √3) = (3 ± 2√2)
−5±3
=
(H/W) 4
−5+3 −5−3 1
𝟐𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎. = 4
𝑜𝑟 4
= − 2 𝑜𝑟 − 2
1 −3 ± √5 𝑯
( ) 𝒙𝟓 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟗𝒙𝟑 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎.
𝟒
𝐴𝑛𝑠 = 2, , 𝑾
2 2 3±√5 1±𝑖√3
𝐴𝑛𝑠 = 1, 2
, 2
Laq Q No.19 Theory of equation
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Aims Tutorial MATHEMATICS-IIA

7. Solve =
5±𝑖√11
=
5±3
6 4
𝟔𝒙𝟔 − 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟓 + 𝟑𝟏𝒙𝟒 − 𝟑𝟏𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓𝒙 − 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟎.
𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given eq’’n is a reciprocal eq’’n of 2nd class 5+3 5−3
and even degree. So 1, -1 are the root of it. = 4
𝑜𝑟 4
𝑩𝒚 𝒔𝒚𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏
1
= 2 𝑜𝑟
6 -25 31 0 -31 25 -6 2
0 6 -19 12 12 -19 6
1 5±√11𝑖
∴ 𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 − 1, 1, 2, , =
2 6
6 -19 12 12 -19 6 0
0 -6 25 -37 25 -6
6 -25 37 -25 6 0

Consider 6𝑥 4 − 25𝑥 3 + 37𝑥 2 − 25𝑥 + 6 = 0.

÷ 𝑥2
6𝑥 4 𝑥3 𝑥2 25𝑥 6
⇨𝑥 2 − 25 𝑥 2 + 37 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 = 0
25 6
⇨6𝑥 2 − 25𝑥 + 37 − 𝑥
+ 𝑥2 = 0
1 1
⇨6 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 ) − 25 (𝑥 + 𝑥) + 37 = 0

1 1
Let 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 𝑝 ⇨ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑝2 − 2

⇨6(𝑝2 − 2) − 25𝑝 + 37 = 0 Aims

⇨6𝑝2 − 12 − 25𝑝 + 37 = 0
⇨6𝑝2 − 25𝑝 + 25 = 0
⇨6𝑝2 − 15𝑝 − 10𝑝 + 25 = 0
⇨3𝑝(2𝑝 − 5) − 5(2𝑝 − 5) = 0
⇨(2𝑝 − 5)(3𝑝 − 5) = 0
⇨(2𝑝 − 5) = 0 , (3𝑝 − 5) = 0

5
⇨ 2𝑝 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝=3

Case (1) case (2)

1 5 1 5
𝑥+𝑥 =3 𝑥+𝑥 =2
𝑥 2 +1 5 𝑥 2 +1 5
⇨ = =
𝑥 3 𝑥2 2
2 2
⇨ 3𝑥 + 3 = 5𝑥 2𝑥 + 2 = 5𝑥
2𝑥 2 + 2 = 5𝑥
⇨ 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 = 0 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0

−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎

5±√52 −4.3.3 5±√52 −4.2.2

= 2.3
= 2.2

5±√25−36 5±√25−16
= =
6 4

5±√11𝑖 2 5±√9
= 6
= 4

Laq Q No.19 Theory of equation

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Aims Tutorial MATHEMATICS-IIA

When condition is given 10. Solve 𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝟖 = 𝟎, given that the

product of two of the roots is 6.
8. Solve the eq’n𝒙𝟒 + 𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟗 = 𝟎, Sol:
Given that it has two pairs of equal roots. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝟖 = 𝟎 … . (𝟏)
Sol: f(x) =𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9 = 0 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾, 𝛿 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 (1)
Given that above eq’’n has two pairs of equal
Given 𝛼𝛽 = 6, 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 𝑝
roots. 𝒆
𝑺𝟒 = 𝒂 = 𝛼 𝛽 𝛾 𝛿 = 48
let the roots 𝛼, 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛽
𝑺𝟏 = −
𝒃
𝑺𝟒 =
𝒆 ⇨ (6)𝛾𝛿 =48 ⇨ 𝛾𝛿=8, 𝑙𝑒𝑡 (𝛾 + 𝛿) = 𝑞
𝒂 𝒂
4 9
𝛼+ 𝛼+ 𝛽+ 𝛽=− 𝛼. 𝛼. 𝛽. 𝛽 =
1 1
⇨ 2(𝛼 + 𝛽) =-4 ⇨ (𝛼 𝛽)2 =9 𝑛𝑜𝑤, 𝑄. 𝐸 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝛼, 𝛽 𝑖𝑠 𝑄. 𝐸 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝛾, 𝛿 𝑖𝑠
⇨ (𝛼 + 𝛽) = -2….. (1) ⇨ (𝛼 𝛽) =± 3….(2) 𝑥 2 − (𝛼 + 𝛽)𝑥 + 𝛼𝛽 = 0 𝑥 2 − ( 𝛾 + 𝛿)𝑥 + 𝛾𝛿 = 0
𝑥 2 − 𝑝𝑥 + 6 = 0 … … (2) 𝑥 2 − 𝑞𝑥 + 8 = 0 … … (3)
Quadratic eq’’n with roots 𝛼, 𝛽 𝑖𝑠
𝒙𝟐 − (𝜶 + 𝜷)𝒙 + (𝜶 𝜷) =0
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 =0
From (1), (2), (3)
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1𝑥 − 3 =0
⇨ 𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝟖
𝑥(𝑥 + 3) − 1(𝑥 + 3) =0 = (𝑥 2 − 𝑝𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 2 − 𝑞𝑥 + 8)
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1) =0
(𝑥 + 3) = 0, (𝑥 − 1) =0 ⇨ 𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝟖
⇨𝒙 = −𝟑, 𝒙 = 𝟏 𝑥 4 − 𝑞𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 𝑝𝑥 3
Hence the required roots of the given =[ ]
+𝑝𝑞𝑥 2 − 8𝑝𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 − 6𝑞𝑥 + 48
biquadratic eq’’n are -3, -3, 1, 1.
9. Solve 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎, given that two Aims
⇨ 𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝟖
of the roots are in the ratio 3:2.
=[𝑥 4 − (𝑝 + 𝑞)𝑥 3 + (𝑝𝑞 + 14)𝑥 2 − (8𝑝 + 6𝑞)𝑥 + 48]
Sol:f(x) =𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 24 = 0
Given that above eq’’n has two of the roots are in
the ratio 3:2 Comparing the coefficient of 𝑥 3 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
let the roots 2𝛼, 3𝛼, 𝛽 𝑃 + 𝑞 + 1 = 0 … (𝑎)
𝑺𝟏 = − 𝒂
𝒃
𝑺𝟑 = − 𝒂
𝒅 Comparing the coefficient of 𝑥, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
9 8𝑝 + 6𝑞 − 4 = 0
2𝛼 + 3𝛼 + 𝛽 = −(− 1) 2𝛼. 3𝛼. 𝛽. = −24
4𝑝 + 3𝑞 − 2 = 0 … (𝑏)
⇨ (5𝛼 + 𝛽) =9 ⇨ α2 (β)=-4…(2)
β = 9 -5α ….. (1)
Solving (a), (b)
𝒄 1 1 1 1
𝑺𝟐 =
𝒂 4 3 -2 4
= (2𝛼)(3𝛼) + (3𝛼)(β) + (2𝛼)(β) = 𝟏𝟒 −2−3 4+2
𝟔𝜶𝟐 + 𝟓𝜶𝜷 = 𝟏𝟒 … (𝟑)
(𝑝, 𝑞) = [ , ] = (5, −6)
3−4 3−4

Solving 𝑒𝑞 ′′ 𝑛(1)𝑖𝑛 (2)

𝑥 2 − 𝑝𝑥 + 6 = 0 𝑥 2 − 𝑞𝑥 + 8 = 0
2
⇨ α (β)=-4 ⇨ 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0 2
⇨ 𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 8 = 0
⇨ α2 (9 - 5α)=-4 ⇨ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 6 = 0 ⇨ 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 8 = 0
⇨ 5𝛼 3 − 9𝛼 2 − 4 = 0 … (4) ⇨ 𝑥(𝑥 − 2) − 3(𝑥 − 2) = 0 ⇨ 𝑥(𝑥 + 4) + 2(𝑥 + 4) = 0
𝑏𝑦 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ⇨ (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3) = 0 ⇨ (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
𝑖𝑓 α = 1 ⇨ 5 − 9 − 4 ≠ 0 𝑥 = 2, 3 𝑥 = −4, −2
𝑖𝑓 α = −1 ⇨ −5 − 9 − 4 ≠ 0
𝑖𝑓 α = 2 ⇨ 5(8) − 9(4) − 4 = 40 − 40 = 0
∴ 𝛼 = 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡
Sub 𝛼 = 2 𝑖𝑛 (1) ⇨ 𝛽 = 9 − 5(2) = 1 ∴ the roots are 2, 3, -2, -4
𝛼 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 = −1 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 (3) 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 Solve 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟓𝒙𝟑 + 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟔 = 𝟎, given that the
∴roots are 2𝛼 = 4, 3𝛼 = 6, 𝛽=-1{−1, 4, 6} product of two of the roots is 3.(H\W :Ans: 1, 3, -1, 2)

Laq Q No.19 Theory of equation

5
 Aims Tutorial MATHEMATICS-IIA

11. Solve 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟎, given that 2 + 𝑖√3 is a

root of the equation.
Sol: 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 35 = 0 … (1) 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 35 = 0
Given 2 + 𝑖√3 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡, 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 7𝑥 + 35 = 0
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 2 − 𝑖√3 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑎 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 (1) 𝑥 (𝑥 − 5) − 7(𝑥 − 5) = 0
𝑄. 𝐸 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝛼 = 2 + 𝑖√3, 𝛽 = 2 − 𝑖√3 𝑖𝑠 (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 7) = 0
𝑥 2 − (𝛼 + 𝛽)𝑥 + 𝛼𝛽 = 0 𝒙 = 𝟓, 𝟕
𝑥 2 − (2 + 𝑖√3 + 2 − 𝑖√3)𝑥 + (2 + 𝑖√3 )(2 + 𝑖√3) = 0 ∴ 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 1, 3, 5, 7
⇨𝑥 2 − (4)𝑥 + (4 − 3𝑖2 ) = 0 [𝑖 2 = −1]
⇨𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + (4 + 3) = 0
12. find the polynomial equation whose roots are the
⇨𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 7 = 0 is a factor of (1) translates of those of the equation
1 0 -4 8 35 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟓𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 𝒃𝒚 − 𝟐.
- 4 16 20 0 𝑺𝒐𝒍:
- - -7 -28 -35 𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒔
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟓𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎
1 4 5 0 0
2 1 -5 7 -17 11

𝑛𝑜𝑤, 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 5 = 0 0 2 -6 2 -30
−𝑏±√𝑏 2−4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 2𝑎 2 1 -3 1 -15 -19𝐴4
−4±√42 −4(1)(5) −4±√−4 −4±√𝑖 24
X= = =
2(1) 2 2
−4±2𝑖 0 2 -2 -2
= 2
= −2 ± 𝑖 Aims

The roots are 𝟐 ± 𝒊√𝟑, −𝟐 ± 𝒊 2 0 1 -1 −17𝐴3

0 2 2

Solve 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎, given that 1 + 𝑖 is a 2 1 1 1𝐴2

root of the equation.(H\W [𝑨𝒏𝒔: 1 ± 𝑖, −2 ± √3 ]) 0 2
11 Find the root of
𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟕𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝟓 = 𝟎. 2 1𝐴0 3𝐴1
𝑺𝑶𝒍: 0 𝐴0
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟕𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝟓 = 𝟎.
𝒏𝒐𝒘 𝑓(1) = 1 − 16 + 86 − 176 + 105 = 0
∴ 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑞 ′′ 𝑛 𝑖𝑠
𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝟏 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒇(𝒙)
𝑓 (2) ≠ 0 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 17𝑥 − 19 = 0
𝑓 (3) = 0, 3 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)

𝐵𝑦 𝑆. 𝐷

1 -16 86 -176 105

1 0 1 -15 71 -105

1 -15 71 -105 0
3 0 3 -36 105

1 -12 35 0

Laq Q No.19 Theory of equation

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 Aims Tutorial MATHEMATICS-IIA

13 find the polynomial equation whose roots are the

translates of those of the equation

𝒙𝟓 + 𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 𝒃𝒚 − 𝟑.
𝑺𝒐𝒍:𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒔
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝒙𝟓 + 𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎

3 1 0 4 -1 0 11

0 3 9 39 114 342

3 1 3 13 38 114 353𝐴5

0 3 18 93 393

3 1 6 31 131 507𝐴4

0 3 27 174

3 1 9 58 305𝐴3

0 3 36

3 1 12 94𝐴2
Aims
0 3

1𝐴0 15𝐴1

0 𝐴0

∴ 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑞 ′′ 𝑛 𝑖𝑠

𝑥 5 + 15𝑥 4 + 94𝑥 3 + 305𝑥 2 + 507𝑥 + 353 = 0.

Laq Q No.19 Theory of equation

7