Arab Academy for Science, Technology &

Maritime Transport Structure

College of Engineering & Technology
Analysis (II)
For 3rd Year of Construction and Building
Department

Lecture 3
Virtual Work Method
(Frames and Trusses LECTURE:
D R : A S M A A YA S S E E N H A M E D
 ➢ Introduction to Methods of Structural Analysis of
Statically indeterminate Structures
➢ Virtual work Method for the analysis of Statically
indeterminate Structures
Course ➢ Method of Consistent Deformations

Content ➢ Method of Three Moment Equation For continuous

beams
➢ Slope- Deflection Method
➢ Moment Distribution Method
➢ Stiffness Method
➢ Computer Validation
2
 Application to Frames
Deflection with Virtual
Work Method

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 3
 Principal of Virtual Work
Work due to Moment (M)
P

M2
dθ2 = dx
EI

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 4
 Work due to Normal Force (N) Work due to Shear Force (Q)
P P
Shear strain γ γ
Vertical
deflection δ
due to
Q
axial load Q

N0 N0

𝑃𝐿 Win = න Q1 dδγ G: Shear Modulus

Win = න N1 dδl2 𝛿=න 𝐸
𝐸𝐴 𝐺=
Q1 Q 0 dx 2(1 + 𝜐)
N1 N0 dx Win = න
Win = න G𝐴𝑟 5
Ar = A Rect Sec
EA 6
Ar: Reduced Area 9
E: Modulus of Elasticity Ar = A Circular Sec
10
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 5
 General Equation
P
Wext=Wint
M1 M0 dx N1 N0 dx Q1 Q 0 dx
Win = න +න +න
𝐸𝐼 EA G𝐴𝑟
E: Modulus of Elasticity N0 N0
𝐸
𝐺=
2(1 + 𝜐)
5
Ar = A Rect Sec
6
9
Ar = A Circular Sec
10
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 6
 Application to Trusses
Deflection with Virtual
Work Method

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 7
 General Equation For Trusses
Wext=Wint

M1 M0 dx N1 N0 dx Q1 Q 0 dx F0
Win = න +න +න
𝐸𝐼 EA G𝐴𝑟

N1 N0 dx F1 F0 dx
Win = න =෍
EA EA

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 8
 Example 1:
For the shown Truss By using the Virtual work Method Calculate
1- The vertical deflection at point H
2- The horizontal deformation at point F
Where: EA=2×10³ t Constant for all members
20t 20t 20t
Solution Steps:
F H G
1- Calculate the Reaction at support
2- Calculate the internal force in all members 2.00m
3- Calculate the internal force and reaction due
to (1t) at the point want to calculate the A 45
XA B
deflection C D E
2.0 2.0
4- Applied the virtual work principal which the 2.0 2.0
Wext=Wint YB
YA
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 9
1- Calculate The Reaction

∑FX=0 XA=0 20t 20t 20t

H G
F
From symmetrical
2.00m
YA=YB=60/2=30
A 45
XA= B
0
C D E
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

YA 30t YB 30t

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 10
1- Calculate The Internal Forces
Member L (m) F0 (t)
20 20
AC 2.0 +20 20
CD 2.0 +20 20t H 20t
F G
DE 2.0 +20
EB 2.0 +20 20t
2.0m
BG 𝟐 𝟐 -28.3
GH 2.0 -20 A
HF 𝟐. 𝟎 -20 20t C 20t D 20t E 20t
FA 𝟐 𝟐 -28.3 2×4=8m
FC 𝟐. 𝟎 0 30t 30t
FD 𝟐 𝟐 0
By using joint method can calculate the internal forces
HD 2.0 -20
for all members
GD 𝟐 𝟐 0
GE 2.0 0

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 11
1- Calculate The Internal Forces due to 1t At Joint (H)
Member L (m) F1 (t)
1t
AC 2.0 +0.5
CD 2.0 +0.5 H
F G
DE 2.0 +0.5
EB 2.0 +0.5 0.5t 1t
0.5t 2.0m
BG 𝟐 𝟐 -0.707
GH 2.0 0 A
HF 𝟐. 𝟎 0 0.5t C 0.5t D 0.5t E 0.5t
FA 𝟐 𝟐 -0.707 2×4=8m
FC 𝟐. 𝟎 0 0.5t 0.5t
FD 𝟐 𝟐 +0.5
By using joint method can calculate the internal forces
HD 2.0 -1
for all members
GD 𝟐 𝟐 +0.5
GE 2.0 0

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 12
1- Calculate The vertical deformation Member L (m) F0 (t) F1 (t) F0 F1 L
At Joint (H)
AC 2.0 +20 +0.5 +20
𝐹0 𝐹1 𝐿 CD 2.0 +20 +0.5 +20
1 × 𝛿𝐻 = ෍ DE 2.0 +20 +0.5 +20
𝐸𝐴
EB 2.0 +20 +0.5 +20
234.53 BG -28.3 -0.707 +56.56
1 × 𝛿𝐻 = 𝟐 𝟐
𝐸𝐴 GH 2.0 -20 0 0

EA=2×10³ t HF 𝟐. 𝟎 -20 0 0

234.53 FA 𝟐 𝟐 -28.3 -0.707 +56.56

1 × 𝛿𝐻 = 3
= 0.117 𝑚 FC 𝟐. 𝟎 0 0 0
2 × 10
FD 𝟐 𝟐 0 +0.5 0
1 × 𝛿𝐻 = 11.7 𝑐𝑚 HD 2.0 -20 -1 +40
GD 𝟐 𝟐 0 +0.5 1.414
GE 2.0 0 0 0
∑F0 F1 L 234.53

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 13
 Example 2:
For the shown Frame By using the Virtual work Method Calculate
20cm
1- The vertical deflection at point D
2- The horizontal deformation at point C
2- The slope deflection at point B, A, C and D 60cm

Where: All members are rectangular sec with dimensions (20×60)cm

E=2100t/cm², G=800t/cm²
4t/m
Solution Steps: B C
D
1- Draw the BMD, NFD and SFD For the Frame with their 2.0m
force 20t
2- Draw the BMD, NFD and SFD For the Frame with force
(1t) at same point which we want to calculate the 2.0m
Deflection or slope A
3- Applied the virtual work principal which the Wext=Wint 10m

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 14
 4t/m
1- Draw BMD, NFD and SFD due to real Load
16
2.0m
24t
20t

N0 2.0m
20t
10.0m
16t

16 40mt

24

20 20
M0
Q0
20
50

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 15
 1t
❑ Vertical Deflection At joint (D)
D
0.5 Pl/4=2.5mt 0.5t

M1
0.5

Q1
0.5t

Wext=Wint
M1 M0 dx N1 N0 dx Q1 Q0 dx
1 × 𝛿𝐷 = න +න +න
𝐸𝐼 EA G𝐴𝑟 N1
0.5

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 16
 16
16 40

24
(N0) M0
20
(Q0)

20 50

0.5 1t
D
D

0.5 Pl/4=2.5mt

Q1 N1
M1
0.5
Q1 Q 0 dx N1 N0 dx M1 M0 dx
න න න
G𝐴𝑟 EA 𝐸𝐼
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 17
❑Vertical Deflection At joint (D) 40

M1 M0 dx
න M0
𝐸𝐼 20

1 2.5 × 10 × 20 2 5
= + ( × 50 × 5 × 2 × × 2.5 50
𝐸𝐼 2 3 8
1t
D
M1 M0 dx 1 770.83 D
න = 250 + 520.83 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 Pl/4=2.5mt

M1

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 18
❑Vertical Deflection At joint (D)
16

N1 N0 dx
න
EA N0
1 0.5 × 4 × 16
=
𝐸𝐴 1

N1 N0 dx 32
න =
EA 𝐸𝐴

N1
0.5

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 19
 4
❑Vertical Deflection
16 20
At joint (D)
24
20
4
(Q0) 4
(Q0)
12
12

Q1 Q 0 dx
න
G𝐴𝑟 0.5
1 20 × 5
= × 0.5 × 2 0.5
𝐺𝐴𝑟 2
Q1 Q 0 dx 50 Q1
න =
G𝐴𝑟 𝐺𝐴𝑟

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 20
❑ Vertical Deflection At joint (D) 0.2m
Properties Of Section
M1 M0 dx N1 N0 dx Q1 Q0 dx A=0.2×0.4=0.12m²
1 × 𝛿𝐷 = න +න +න =1200cm² 0.6m
𝐸𝐼 EA G𝐴𝑟
5 5
770.83 32 50 𝐴𝑟 = 𝐴 = × 1200 = 1000𝑐𝑚2
6 6
𝛿𝐷 = + +
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐴 𝐺𝐴𝑟 0.2 × 0.63
I= = 0.0036𝑚4
12
770.83 32 50 =360000 cm4
𝛿𝐷 = 5
+ 5
+
7560 × 10 2.52 × 10 8 × 105 E=2100 t/cm²
G=800 t/cm²
𝛿𝐷 = 1.02 × 10−6 + 1.26 × 10−4 + 6.25 × 10−5
EA=2100×1200=2.52×105 𝑡
EI=2100×360000=756×106 𝑡. 𝑐𝑚2
𝛿𝐷 = 1.89 × 10−4 𝑐𝑚 GAr=800×1000=8×105 𝑡

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 21
 ❑ Horozontal Deflection At joint (C) 4mt
1t

4mt

4/10t
1.0

M2
4/10
1t

Q2
4/10t
1

M2 M0 dx N2 N0 dx Q2 Q0 dx N2
1 × 𝛿𝐶 = න +න +න
𝐸𝐼 EA G𝐴𝑟
4/10

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 22
 16 C
16 40

24
M0
N0 20
Q0
20 50

1.0 C
1.0 1t
4mt
4mt
4/10
4/10t
Q2
N2 M2
Q 2 Q 0 dx N2 N0 dx 1t M2 M0 dx
න 4/10
න න
G𝐴𝑟 EA 𝐸𝐼
4/10t
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 23
❑ Horozontal Deflection At joint (C) 40 C

M2 M0 dx
න M0
𝐸𝐼 20

40 × 4 × 10 2 40 × 4 × 4
1 + × 50 × 10 × 2 + 50
3 3 3
=
𝐸𝐼 20 × 4
+ ×2 4mt C 1t
2 4mt

M2 M0 dx 1
න = 533.33 + 666.67 + 213.33 + 80
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
M2
1493.33
=
𝐸𝐼

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 24
 16
❑ Horozontal Deflection At joint (C)

N2 N0 dx
න (N0)
EA

4
1 × 4 × 16
= − 10
𝐸𝐴 1
1
N2 N0 dx −25.6
න =
EA 𝐸𝐴

N2

4/10

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 25
❑ Horozontal Deflection 16 20
At joint (C)
24
20
4
Q 2 Q 0 dx (Q0) 4
න
G𝐴𝑟 (Q0)
20
20
1 4 × 10 4
= × + 20 × 2 × 1
𝐺𝐴𝑟 1 10
1.0

Q 2 Q 0 dx 56 4/10
න =
G𝐴𝑟 𝐺𝐴𝑟
Q2

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 26
❑ Horozontal Deflection At joint (C) Properties Of Section 0.2m

M2 M0 dx N2 N0 dx Q2 Q0 dx A=0.2×0.6=0.12m²
1 × 𝛿𝐶 = න +න +න =1200cm² 0.6m
𝐸𝐼 EA G𝐴𝑟
5 5
1493.33 25.6 56 𝐴𝑟 = 𝐴 = × 1200 = 1000𝑐𝑚2
6 6
𝛿𝐶 = − +
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐴 𝐺𝐴𝑟 0.2 × 0.63
I= = 0.0036𝑚4
12
1493.33 25.6 56 =360000 cm4
𝛿𝐶 = 6
− 5
+
756 × 10 2.52 × 10 8 × 105 E=2100 t/cm²
G=800 t/cm²

𝛿𝐶 = 2.96 × 10−5 𝑐𝑚 EA=2100×1200=2.52×105 𝑡

EI=2100×360000=756×106 𝑡. 𝑐𝑚2
GAr=800×1000=8×105 𝑡

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 27
 1mt
1m.t
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (C)

1/10t

1/10
M3

Q3
1/10t

1/10

M3 M0 dx N3 N0 dx Q3 Q0 dx N3
1 × 𝜃𝐶 = න +න +න
𝐸𝐼 EA G𝐴𝑟

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 28
 16 C
16 40

24
M0
N0 20
Q0
20 50 1mt
1m.t
C
1/10
1/10
1/10t

Q3 M3
N3
Q 3 Q 0 dx N3 N0 dx M3 M0 dx
න න 1/10t න
G𝐴𝑟 EA 𝐸𝐼
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 29
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (C) 40 C

M3 M0 dx
න
𝐸𝐼 M0
20
1 40 × 1 × 10 2
= − − ( × 50 × 10 × 0.5)
𝐸𝐼 6 3 50 1mt
1m.t
C
M3 M0 dx 1 233.34
න = −66.67 − 166.67 = −
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
1/10t

M3

1/10t

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 30
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (C) 16

N3 N0 dx
න
EA N0

1
1 × 4 × 16
= − 10
𝐸𝐴 1
1/10
N3 N0 dx −6.4
න =
EA 𝐸𝐴

N3

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 31
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (C) 16 20

24
Q 3 Q 0 dx 20
න 4
G𝐴𝑟 (Q0) 4
(Q0)
20
20
1 1
= 4 × 10 ×
𝐺𝐴𝑟 10
1/10
Q 3 Q 0 dx 4
න =
G𝐴𝑟 𝐺𝐴𝑟
Q3

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 32
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (C) 0.2m
Properties Of Section
M3 M0 dx N3 N0 dx Q3 Q0 dx A=0.2×0.6=0.12m²
1 × 𝜃𝐶 = න +න +න =1200cm² 0.6m
𝐸𝐼 EA G𝐴𝑟
5 5
233.34 6.4 4 𝐴𝑟 = 𝐴 = × 1200 = 1000𝑐𝑚2
6 6
𝜃𝐶 = − − +
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐴 𝐺𝐴𝑟 0.2 × 0.63
I= = 0.0036𝑚4
12
233.34 13.33 4 =360000 cm4
𝜃𝐶 = − 6
− 5
+
756 × 10 2.52 × 10 8 × 105 E=2100 t/cm²
G=800 t/cm²

𝜃𝐶 = −4.82 × 10−5 𝑟𝑎𝑑 EA=2100×1200=2.52×105 𝑡

EI=2100×360000=756×106 𝑡. 𝑐𝑚2
GAr=800×1000=8×105 𝑡

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 33
 1m.t
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (B) B

1mt 1/10t

1/10 M4

Q4
1/10t
1/10

M4 M0 dx N4 N0 dx Q4 Q0 dx N4
1 × 𝜃𝐵 = න +න +න
𝐸𝐼 EA G𝐴𝑟

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 34
 16 C
16 40

24
M0
N0 20
Q0
20 50
1m.t
B C
1/10 1/10

1mt 1/10t

Q4 M4
N4
Q 4 Q 0 dx M4 M0 dx
න N4 N0 dx න
G𝐴𝑟 න 1/10t 𝐸𝐼
EA
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 35
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (B) 40 C

M4 M0 dx
න M0
𝐸𝐼 20
1 40 × 1 × 10 2
= + ( × 50 × 10 × 0.5)
𝐸𝐼 3 3 50
1m.t
B C
M4 M0 dx 1 300
න = 133.33 + 166.67 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
1mt 1/10t

M4

1/10t

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 36
 16
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (B)

N4 N0 dx
න N0
EA

1
1 × 4 × 16
= − 10
𝐸𝐴 1
1/10

N4 N0 dx 6.4
න =−
EA 𝐸𝐴
N4

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 37
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (B) 16 20

24
Q 4 Q 0 dx 20
න 4
G𝐴𝑟 (Q0) 4
(Q0)
20
20
1 1
= 4 × 10 ×
𝐺𝐴𝑟 10
1/10

Q 4 Q 0 dx 4
න =
G𝐴𝑟 𝐺𝐴𝑟
Q4

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 38
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (B) 0.2m
Properties Of Section
M4 M0 dx N4 N0 dx Q 4 Q0 dx A=0.2×0.6=0.12m²
1 × 𝜃𝐵 = න +න +න =1200cm² 0.6m
𝐸𝐼 EA G𝐴𝑟
5 5
120 13.33 4 𝐴𝑟 = 𝐴 = × 1200 = 1000𝑐𝑚2
6 6
𝜃𝐵 = − +
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐴 𝐺𝐴𝑟 0.2 × 0.63
I= = 0.0036𝑚4
12
300 6.4 4 =360000 cm4
𝜃𝐵 = 6
− 5
+
756 × 10 2.52 × 10 8 × 105 E=2100 t/cm²
G=800 t/cm²

𝜃𝐵 = −2.0 × 10−5 𝑟𝑎𝑑 EA=2100×1200=2.52×105 𝑡

EI=2100×360000=756×106 𝑡. 𝑐𝑚2
GAr=800×1000=8×105 𝑡

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 39
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (D) 1m.t
B D C
0.5mt
1mt 1/10t
0.5mt
M5
M5

1/10t

1/10
1/10

Q5
N5

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 40
 16 C
16 40

24
M0
N0 20
Q0
20 50

0.5mt C
1/10 1/10

0.5mt

Q5 M5
N5
Q 5 Q 0 dx M5 M0 dx
න N5 N0 dx න
G𝐴𝑟 න 𝐸𝐼
EA
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 41
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (D)
40 C

M5 M0 dx 20
න
𝐸𝐼 M0
20
20 × 0.5 × 5 5
− [ 20 × 0.5 + 40 × 0.5 × 0.5 ]
3 3 50
1 2 5
= +( × 50 × 5 × × 0.5)
𝐸𝐼 3 8 0.5mt C
2 5
−( × 50 × 5 × × 0.5)
3 8
0.5mt

M5 M0 dx 1 16.67 M5
න = 16.67 − 33.33 = −
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 42
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (D) 16

N5 N0 dx
න
EA N0
1
1 × 4 × 16
= − 10
𝐸𝐴 1
1/10
N5 N0 dx 6.4
න =−
EA 𝐸𝐴

N5

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 43
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (D) 16 20

24
Q 5 Q 0 dx 20
න 4
G𝐴𝑟 (Q0) 4
(Q0)
20
20
1 1
= 4 × 10 ×
𝐺𝐴𝑟 10

1/10
Q 5 Q 0 dx 4
න =
G𝐴𝑟 𝐺𝐴𝑟
Q5

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 44
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (D) 0.2m
Properties Of Section
M5 M0 dx N5 N0 dx Q 5 Q0 dx A=0.2×0.6=0.12m²
1 × 𝜃𝐷 = න +න +න =1200cm² 0.6m
𝐸𝐼 EA G𝐴𝑟
5 5
−16.67 6.4 4 𝐴𝑟 = 𝐴 = × 1200 = 1000𝑐𝑚2
6 6
𝜃𝐷 = − +
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐴 𝐺𝐴𝑟 0.2 × 0.63
I= = 0.0036𝑚4
12
−16.67 6.4 4 =360000 cm4
𝜃𝐷 = 6
− 5
+
756 × 10 2.52 × 10 8 × 105 E=2100 t/cm²
G=800 t/cm²

𝜃𝐷 = −2.04 × 10−5 𝑟𝑎𝑑 EA=2100×1200=2.52×105 𝑡

EI=2100×360000=756×106 𝑡. 𝑐𝑚2
GAr=800×1000=8×105 𝑡

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 45
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (A)
B D C

1.0mt
1/10t
1.0mt

M6
M6 1m.t
A

1mt 1/10t

1/10
1/10

Q6
N6

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 46
 16 C
16 40

24
M0
N0 20
Q0
20 50

C
1/10 1/10
1.0mt

1.0mt

Q6
N6 M6
Q 6 Q 0 dx M6 M0 dx
න N6 N0 dx 1mt න
G𝐴𝑟 න 𝐸𝐼
EA
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 47
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (A) 40 C

M6 M0 dx
න
𝐸𝐼 M0
20
40 × 1.0 × 10 2
+ ( × 50 × 10 × 0.5)
3 3 50
1 40 × 1 × 4
=
𝐸𝐼 2 C
1
+( × 20 × 4 × 1.0) 1.0mt
2
1.0mt

M6 M0 dx 1 420
න = 133.33 + 166.67 + 80 + 40 = M6
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
1mt

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 48
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (A) 16

N6 N0 dx
න
EA N0
1
1 × 4 × 16
= − 10
𝐸𝐴 1
1/10
N6 N0 dx 6.4
න =−
EA 𝐸𝐴

N6

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 49
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (A) 16 20

24
Q 6 Q 0 dx 20
න 4
G𝐴𝑟 (Q0) 4
(Q0)
20
20
1 1
= 4 × 10 ×
𝐺𝐴𝑟 10

1/10
Q 6 Q 0 dx 4
න =
G𝐴𝑟 𝐺𝐴𝑟
Q6

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 50
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (A) 0.2m
Properties Of Section
M6 M0 dx N6 N0 dx Q6 Q0 dx A=0.2×0.6=0.12m²
1 × 𝜃𝐴 = න +න +න =1200cm² 0.6m
𝐸𝐼 EA G𝐴𝑟
5 5
420 6.4 4 𝐴𝑟 = 𝐴 = × 1200 = 1000𝑐𝑚2
6 6
𝜃𝐴 = − +
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐴 𝐺𝐴𝑟 0.2 × 0.63
I= = 0.0036𝑚4
12
420 6.4 4 =360000 cm4
𝜃𝐴 = 6
− 5
+
756 × 10 2.52 × 10 8 × 105 E=2100 t/cm²
G=800 t/cm²

𝜃𝐴 = −1.98 × 10−5 𝑟𝑎𝑑 EA=2100×1200=2.52×105 𝑡

EI=2100×360000=756×106 𝑡. 𝑐𝑚2
GAr=800×1000=8×105 𝑡

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 51
 ANY QUESTIONS

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 52