NPTEL Assignments For GATE 2022 - Heat Transfer Questions

NPTEL Assignments
For GATE 2022

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1. A flat plate of width 1 m is maintained at a uniform surface temperature of TS = 150°C by using
independently controlled, heat-generating rectangular modules of thickness a = 10 mm and length b =
50 mm. Each module is insulated from its neighbors, as well as on its back side. Atmospheric air at
25°C flows over the plate at a velocity of 30m/s. What is the required power generation, (W/m3), in a
module positioned at a distance 700 mm from the leading edge? Also, what is the maximum
temperature (Tmax) in the heat generating module.
hx x
Given : Nu x   0.0296 Re 4/5
x Pr
1/3
k
Properties : Module material (given) : k = 5.2 W/mK, Cp = 320 J/kgK, ρ = 2300 kg/m3 ; Air
 Ts  T 
T
 f   360 K ,1atm  : k = 0.0308W/mK, v = 22.02×10-6 m2/s; Pr = 0.698
 2 
W
a) q  2.18  102 , Tmax  2527.4 K
m3
W
b) q  8.0  105 , Tmax  158.4 K
m3
W
c) q  8.3  105 , Tmax  1237.4 K
m3
W
d) q  8.7  105 , Tmax  431.4 K
m3
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2. Air at 27°C and a velocity of 5m/s passes over the small region AS (20mm×20mm) on a large surface,
which is maintained at TS = 127°C. For these conditions, 0.5W is removed from the surface AS. To
increase the heat removal rate, a stainless steel (AISI 304) pin fin of diameter 5mm is affixed to AS,
which is assumed to remain at TS = 127°C. What is the maximum possible heat removal rate through
the fin?
k
Given : h  0.683Re0.466
x Pr1/ 3
D
 TS  T 
Properties : Air T
 f   350 K ,1atm  : k = 0.03W/mK, v = 20.92×10-6m2/s, Pr = 0.7;
 2 
AISI 304 T  T f  350K  : k = 15.8W/mK
a) qf = 2.2W b) qf = 1.6W c) qf = 0.01W d) qf = 4.4W
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3. Engine oil at 100°C and a velocity of 0.1 m/s flows over both surfaces of a 1 m long flat plate
maintained at 20°C. Determine : The local heat transfer coefficient and the heat flux.
Properties : Engine oil : ρ = 864 Kg/m3, v = 86.1 × 10-6 m2/s, k = 0.140W/mK, Pr = 1081.
Hint :NuL = 0.332 Re1/2

L Pr
1/3
16.25W
a) hL  2
, q "  1300.5W / m 2
m K
827.50W
b) hL  2
, q "  6.6  104W / m 2
m K
16.025W
c) hL  2
, q "  1282W / m 2
m K
800W
d) hL  2
, q "  6.4  104W / m 2
m K
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4. Water enters inside a circular duct of 10 cm diameter and 5 m (L) length at a temperature of 20 °C.
The duct is wrapped with and electric resistance heater which maintains the duct surface at constant
temperature of 60°C. Flow is assumed to be hydrodynamically fully developed before it enters the
heated section of the duct. Determine following, neglecting the axial conduction between heated and
unheated portion of the tube if mass flow rate of water is 0.1 kg/s. Use Edwards et al. (1979)
correlation to calculate the heat transfer coefficient:
D
0.065   Re Pr
Nu  3.66  L
2/3
 D  
1  0.04   Re Pr 
 L  
Use following properties of water: ρ = 997 kg/m3, μ = 855×10-6 N-s/m2, k = 0.613 W/m-K, Pr = 5.83.
What will be the nature of the velocity profile?
(a) Linear velocity (b) Uniform velocity
(c) Parabolic velocity (d) Power law velocity
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5. Calculate the Nusselt number for Question no. 4 up to 2nd decimal place _____________.
6. What will be the exit tempura of water in degree 0C for the same data given in question no. 4.
----------(correct to second decimal place)
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7. Inside a tube of 1cm and 130 °C constant wall temperature tube, air is flowing at a mean velocity of
1.5 m/s. At fully developed region mean temperature is measured as 35 °C. Determine the following, if
the exit temperature of the air is 105 °C. Take properties of air at bulk mean temperature as, Tm=
(35+105)/2 = 70 °C as, ρ =1.0287 kg/m3, v=19.9 ×10-6 m2/s, k = 0.02922 W/(mK) and Cp= 1008.7
J/Kg-K, Pr = 0.707.
Evaluate the Reynold’s number
(a) 254.84 (b) 1423.1 (c) 602.51 (d) 753.77
8. Determine the convective heat transfer coefficient in W/m2 K. for Question no. 11 up to 2nd decimal
place _______________.
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9. Calculate the length of the tube in cm for Question no. 11 up to 1st decimal place.
10. For Prandtl number less than unity, which is correct?

a) The momentum boundary layer remains within the thermal boundary layer.
b) The thermal boundary layer remains within the momentum boundary layer.
c) The thermal boundary layer is equal to the momentum boundary layer.
d) None of the above
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11. The following number describes the extent to which viscous heating is important relative to the heat
flow from the imposed temperature difference.
a) Brinkman number b) Nusselt number
c) Biot number d) Prandtl number
12. When the hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness (δ), which is the distance from the surface at which
the local velocity (u) reaches 99% of the free-stream velocity, which of the following equations is valid
for laminar flow:
a) (δ / x) = 5 / (Rex)(1/2) b) (δ / x) = 5 (Rex)(2)
c) (δ / x) = 10 / (Rex)(1/2) d) (δ / x) = 10 / (Rex)(2)
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13. The layer above the laminar sublayer, which experiences the effect of both viscous forces and
turbulence, is called:
a) laminar-sublayer b) turbulent layer
c) buffer layer d) none of the above
14. For the case of fluid flowing inside a cylindrical pipe, the term - "Hydro-dynamically developed
region", refers to?
a) a region where velocity profile of the fluid is partially developed
b) a region where velocity profile of the fluid is folly developed
c) a region where velocity profile of the fluid changes according to the distance
d) none of the above
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The following information is for question 15 - 18
A boundary layer exists over an isothermal flat plate at Tx. Assume constant physical properties. The
1/ 7 1/ 7
u  y T  T  y
temperature and the velocity profiles are give as   and  1   . Additionally,
u    Tx  T  t 

the hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness is given as  0.376 Rex 1/ 5 . Consider pr ≈ 1.
x
15. Beginning with the energy integral equation, local Nusselt number Nux is given as
(a) Nux = 0.0292 Rex1/5 Pr2/3 (b) Nu x  0.0292 Re1/x 5 Pr
c. Nu x  0.0292 Re 4x / 5 Pr d. Nu x  0.0292 Re4x / 5 Pr 2 / 3
16. Local heat transfer coefficient hx is given as
a. hx  0.0292 c p u Rex 1/ 5 b. hx  0.0292 c p u Rex 1/ 5 Pr
c. hx  0.0292 c p u Re1/ 5
x d. hx  0.0292 c pu Re1/
x
5
Pr
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17. Average Nusselt number Nux is given as
(a) Nu x  0.037 Re 4x / 5 Pr (b) Nu x  0.037 Re1/x 5 Pr
(c) Nu x  0.0292 Re1/x 5 Pr (d) Nu x  0.0292 Re4x / 5 Pr
18. For Pr = 1.3, ρ=1000 kg/m3, u∞ = 1 m/s, μ=0.001 Pa-s, k = 3.23 W/m-K, cp = 4200 J/kg-K the local
Nusselt number (Nux) at a distance of 1 cm from the leading edge of the plate will be equal to
a. 60.16 b. 113.7 c. 41.8 d. 10.61
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19. In a flow of a fluid through a tube if the velocity is doubled, what will be the effect on the average
value of heat transfer coefficient? It may be presumed that there is no change in the temperature of the
liquid and the tube wall, and that the flow through the tube is turbulent in nature.
a. 64.1% decrease b. 64.1% increase
c. 74.1%decrease d. 74.1% increases
20. Boundary layer flow is characterised by:

a. Re >> 1, decelerating flow b. Re << 1, accelerating flow
c. Re << 1, decelerating flow d. Re >> 1, accelerating flow
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The following data is for Questions 21-23
Flat plate boundary layer equations for forced convection are given as follows:
u v
Mass:  0
x y
T T  2T
Energy: u v  2
x y y
where ‘x’ is the axial direction and ‘y’ is the transverse direction and other symbols have their usual
meanings.
The dependence of Nusselt number on Reynolds number and Prandtl number can be determined by
order of magnitude analysis. For a low Prandtl number fluid, answer the following questions
21. If the fluid viscosity is doubled, keeping all the other parameters the same, the value of Nusselt number
is
(a) Halved (b) Doubled
(c) Remains the same (d) Cannot be determined from the given information
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22. If the fluid density and thermal conductivity, both are doubled, keeping all the other parameters the
same, the value of Nusselt number is
23. If the fluid density and specific heat capacity, both are doubled, keeping all the other parameters the
same, the value of Nusselt number is
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The following data is for questions 24-26
Flat plate boundary layer equations for natural convection are given as follows:
u v v v   2 v
Mass:  0 Momentum: u v   g  T  T 
x y x y  x 2
T T  2T
Energy: u v  2
x y x
The dependence of Nusselt number on various fluid and flow parameters (as a function of Rayleigh
number and Prandtl number) can be determined by order of magnitude analysis. For a high Prandtl
number fluid, answer the following questions
24. The dependence of Nusselt number on Rayleigh number is given as
(a) Nu~Ra-0.25 (b) Nu~Ra0.25
(c)Does not depend on Rayleigh Number (d) Nu ~ Ra
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25. If the length scale is increased by a factor of 2 and the thermal diffusivity is halved, keeping all the
other parameters the same, the value of Nusselt number is
(c) Remains the same (d) None of the above
26. If the length scale is increased by a factor of 2, the kinematic viscosity is increased by a factor of 4,and
thermal diffusivity is doubled, keeping all the other parameters the same, the value of Nusselt number
is
(a) Halved (b) Doubled (c) Remains the same (d) None of the above
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27. Air at 27 °C with a free stream velocity of 10 m/s is used to cool electronic devices mounted on a
printed circuit board. Each device, 4 mm by 4 mm, dissipates 40 mW which is removed from the top
surface. Estimate the Nusselt number at a location of 15 mm from leading edge for the cooling process.
Take k-0.0274 W/mK, Pr = 0.705, a = 24.7xl0-6 m2 /s
Nux=0.886 Rex(1/2) Pr(1/2)
a. 111.7 b. 13.43 c. 57.6 d. 69.05
28. For the above problem estimate the surface temperature of the electronic device at a location of 15 mm
from leading edge of the board.
a. 64.3 °C b. 46.8 °C c. 30.7 °C d. 23.4 °C
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29. For cooling an electrical pane, air at 25 °C flows over a 0.6 m long panel at 2 m/s. Panel is releases
heat of 500 W/m2 to the air. What can be the maximum temperature of the panel? Use correlation
Nux=0.453 Rex1/2 Pr1/3 Properties of air are given as: Pr = 0.709, v=1.784 x l0-5 m2/s, k = 0.0278
W/mK.
a. 0150 °C b. 25 °C c. 128 °C d. 87.3 °C
30. Kinematic viscosity and thermal diffusivity of engine oil can be taken as 200 mm2/s and 0.0738 mm2/s,
respectively. If engine oil is allowed to flow over a heated flat plate. Comment out of two boundary
layers, which will be thicker.
a. Thermal boundary layer b. Cannot be decided
c. Hydrodynamic boundary layer d. Both will have same thickness
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31. Choose the most correct option
(a) If the Grashoff number is equal to 1, forced convection and natural convection effects will be
comparable
(b) If the Reynolds number is equal to 1, forced convection and natural convection effects will be
comparable
(c) If the Richadson number is equal to 1, forced convection and natural convection effects will be
comparable
(d) None of the above statements is correct
32. Water is heated by a 200 mmx200 mm vertical flat plate which is maintained at 60 °C. Find the
following quantities when the water is at 60 °C. Find the average heat transfer coefficient in W/m2 K,
when the water is at 20 °C. At mean film temperature of Tf = (60+20)/2 = 40 °C, the relevant physical
parameters can be taken as k = 0.628 W/mK, Pr = 4.34, ρ= 994.59 kg/m3, v = 0.658 x 10-6 m2/s, β =
3x10-4 K-1. Use NuL=0.1(GrL Pr)1/3 if the flow is turbulent.
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33. Estimate the rate of heat transfer in W for the previous problem.
34. A 0.2 m × 0.2 m vertical plate has a constant surface temperature that is maintained at 40°C. Air at
20°C is flowing in parallel over the plate with a velocity of 0.4 m/s. The Nusselt number of the flow
shown in the figure will be _______________.
Assume steady operating conditions and constant properties. Given the properties of air, thermal
conductivity (k = 0.02588 W/m.K), kinematic viscosity (v = 1.608 × 10-5 m2/s). Take Prandtl number
(Pr = 0.7282) and β = 0.0033K-1. Solve by calculating upto two decimal places. Arrow indicates the
direction of the air flow.
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35. A metal plate 0.609 m in height forms the vertical wall of an oven and is at a temperature of 171°C.
Within the oven is air at a temperature of 93.4°C and at atmospheric pressure. Assuming the natural
1
convection conditions hold near the plate and that for this case, Nu  0.548 GrH Pr  4 , the average heat
transfer coefficient is ____________ (W/m2.K).

Given the properties of air, thermal conductivity (k = 0.0332W/m.K), kinematic viscosity (v =
2.663×10-5 m2/s). Take Prandtl number (Pr = 0.72) and β = 0.00247 K-1. Solve by calculating upto two
places of decimal.
36. For heat exchanger design by LMTD method correction factor is needed because
(a) LMTD is an approximate expression for mean temperature difference
(b) actual behavior of the streams for fluid flow and heat transfer is neglected in LMTD analysis;
correction factor takes care of that
(c) LMTD can be derived only for limited number of cases; correction factor is needed for the
other cases
(d) it assures the compliance with Second law of thermodynamics
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37. When tc1 and tc2 are the temperatures of cold fluid at entry and exit respectively and th1 and th2 are the
temperatures of hot fluid at entry and exit points respectively, and cold fluid has lower heat capacity
rate as compared to hot fluid, then effectiveness of the heat exchanger is given by
a)  t c1  t c 2  /  t h 1  t c1  b)  th 2  tc 2  /  th1  tc1 
c)  th1  th 2  /  th1  tc1  d)  tc 2  tc1  /  th1  tc1 
38. In a heat exchanger if one of the fluids undergoes a change of phase,

a) performance of it is independent of the orientation of flow.
b) performance of it is best for the counter flow arrangement.
c) performance of it is best for the cross flow arrangement.
d) performance of it is best for the parallel flow arrangement.
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39. A condenser is required for an organic vapor having a latent heat (hGL) of 250 kJ/kg flowing at 6
kg/s. The vapor is pure and may be assumed to condense at its saturation temperature, 60°C. The
condenser is cooling by site cooling water [specific heat capacity 4.2 kJ/(kg.K)] with an inlet
temperature of 15°C and outlet temperature of 35°C. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 760
W/m2.K). Calculate the cooling water flow rate.
a) 10 kg/s b) 19.84 kg/s c) 12.85 kg/s d) 17.85 kg/s
40. Calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the above problem:
a) 52.1°C b) 22.8°C c) 70°C d) 34°C
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41. A shell-and-tube exchanger (two shells, four tube passes) is used to heat 10.000 kg/h of pressurized
water from 35 to 120°c with 5000 kg/h water entering the exchanger at 300°C. If the overall heat
transfer coefficient is 1500 W/m2.K, determine the required heat exchanger area.
For cold stream, specific heat is 4195 J/kg.K and for hot steam, specific heat is 4660 J/kg.K. Use F =
0.97
a) 23.8 kW b) 11.8 kW c) 42.6 kW d) 37.5 kW
(MSQ TYPE Q.42)

42. Identify the incorrect statement(s) regarding fouling and corrosion,
a) Fouling and corrosion are two unrelated phenomenon.
b) Corrosion occurs only on liquid side.
c) Though operating temperature influences fouling, fluid velocity does not have any effect on
fouling.
d) Chemical cleaning of fouling deposit are avoided as it weakens the heat exchanger.
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43. Oil at 120°C is used to heat water at 30°C in a 1-1 co-current shell and tube heat exchanger. The
available area for heat exchange is S1. The exit temperatures of the oil and the water streams are
90°C and 60°C respectively. The co-current heat exchanger is replaced by a 1-1 countercurrent heat
exchanger having S2 as the available area for heat exchange. If the exit temperatures, the net heat
transfer, and the overall heat transfer coefficients are same, the ratio of S1 to S2 is [Choose the
closest option]
a) Infinite b) 1.1 c) 0.91 d) Zero
44. A counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger is used to heat water with hot exhaust gases. The water
(specific heat, (Cc) = 4180 J/kg°C) flows at a rate of 2 kg/s while the exhaust gas (specific heat, (Ch)
= 1030 J/kg°C) flows at the rate of 5.25 kg/s. If the heat transfer surface area is 32.5 m2 and the
overall heat transfer coefficient is 200 W (m2 °C), what is the NTU for the heat exchanger? [Choose
the closest option]
a) 1.2 b) 2.4 c) 4.5 d) 8.6
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Accepted Answers :
a) 1.2
45. In a certain heat exchanger, both the fluids have identical mass flow rate-specific heat capacity
 Cph= m Cpc) [where,Cph and Cpc are the specific heat capacities of the hot-side and
product (i.e. m
cold-side fluids respectively, and m  is the mass flow-rate of the flowing streams]. The hot fluid
enters at 76°C and leaves at 47 °C and the cold fluid enters at 26°C and leaves at 55°C. The
effectiveness of the heat exchanger is? (Choose the closest option)
a) 0.16 b) 0.58 c) 0.72 d) 1.0
46. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct regarding NTU?

a) It determines the size of heat exchanger
b) It depends on the surface area of heat exchanger
c) It is a dimensionless quantity
d) All in the above
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47. Which of the following is correct with reference to the effectiveness (  ) of heat exchanger subjected
to identical operating conditions
a)  counter flow   cross flow   parallel flow
b)  parallel flow   cross flow   counter flow
c)  counter flow   parallel flow   cross flow
d) None of these
48. Match the following :

List A List B
(p) Parallel flow heat exchanger and CR = 0 (x)   NTU / 1  NTU 
(q) Counter flow heat exchanger and CR = 0 (y)
  1  e  NTU
(r) Parallel flow heat exchanger and CR = 1
(z)   0.5 1  e  (2 NTU ) 
(s) Counter flow heat exchanger and CR = 1
Where CR is the heat capacity rate ratio.

a) p-z, q-x, r-y, s-z b) p-y, q-y, r-z, s-x
c) p-z, q-y, r-x, s-z d) p-x, q-x, r-y, s-z
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49. Match the following :
List A List B
(p) Capacity Ratio
1  exp   NTU 1  CR  
(w)

1  CR .exp   NTU 1  CR   
(q) Effectiveness of parallel flow
1  exp   NTU 1  CR  
(x)
1  CR
(r) Number of transfer unit (NTU) UA
(y)
Cmin
(s) Effectiveness of counter flow Cmin
(z)
Cmax
a) p-z, q-x, r-w, s-y b) p-z, q-x, r-y, s-w

c) p-w, q-y, r-x, s-z d) p-x, q-w, r-y, s-z
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50. In certain heat exchanger the heat capacity of both the fluids are equal. The hot fluid enters at 76°C
and leaves at 47°C, and the cold fluid entering at 26°C leaves at 55°C, the effectiveness of the heat
exchanger is
a) 0.60 b) 0.75 c) 0.50 d) 0.58
51. Water [Cp = 4.2 kJ/(kg.K] at 70°C enters a counter flow heat exchanger with a mass flow rate of 0.5
kg/s. Air having Cp = 1 kJ/(kg.K) enters at 30°C with a mass flow rate of 4 kg/s. If the effectiveness
of the heat exchanger is 0.8 the LMTD (in °C) is
a) 10.00 b) 14.27 c) 12.00 d) 20.00
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52. A double pipe parallel flow H.E. use oil (Cp = 1.88 kJ/kg.K) at an initial temperature of 205°C to
heat water (Cp = 4.178 kJ/kg.K) from 16°C to 44°C, flowing at 225 kg/hr. The oil flow rate is 270
kg/hr. What is the heat transfer area required for an overall heat transfer coefficient of 340 W/m2 K.
Also determine the number of transfer unit NTU and effectiveness of the H.E.
a) 0.1478 m2, 0.3563, 0.2742 respectively
b) 0.1012 m2, 0.4877, 0.1063 respectively
c) 0.1862 m2, 0.3887, 0.1548 respectively
d) 0.1612 m2, 0.5577, 0.1245 respectively
53. In counter flow heat exchanger operating under steady state, the heat capacity rates of the hot and
cold fluid are equal. The hot fluid, flowing at l kg/s with cp = 4 kJ/(kg.K), enters the heat exchanger
at 102°C while the cold fluid has an inlet temperature of 15°C . The overall heat transfer coefficient
for the heat exchanger is estimated to be 1 kW/ (m2.K) and the corresponding heat transfer surface
area is 5 m2. Neglect heat transfer between the heat exchanger and the ambient. The heat exchanger
is characterized by the following relation:
NTU

1  NTU
Where  is the effectiveness of heat exchanger and NTU is the number of transfer unit. Find the exit
temperature of the cold fluid in(°C).
a) 54.25°C b) 75.55°C c) 50.60°C d) 62.85°C
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54. In concentric counter flow heat exchanger, water flow through the inner tube at 30°C and leaves at
45°C. The engine oil enters at 120°C and flows in the annular flow passage. The exit temperature of
the engine oil is 60°C. Mass flow rate of water and the engine oil are 2 kg/s and 1kg/s respectively.
The specific heat of water and oil are 4.178 kJ/kg.K and 2.130 kJ/kg.K, respectively. The
effectiveness of the heat exchanger is
a) 0.75 b) 0.80 c) 0.65 d) 0.90
55. Choose the most correct option

(a) Specific heat capacity of the cold fluid is large in comparison to the hot fluid for the
condensation process
(b) Specific heat capacity of the cold fluid is small in comparison to the hot fluid for the
condensation process
(c) Specific heat capacity of the cold fluid and the hot fluid are comparable for the condensation
process
(d) There is no particular constraint on the specific heat capacities of the cold and the hot fluids
for the condensation process
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56. Water flowing at the rate of 78 kg/min is heated from 35°C to 75°C by an oil having Cp= l.9 kJ/kg-K.
The fluids are used in a counter-flow concentric tube heat exchanger where the oil enters at 110°C
and leaves at 75°C.
W
Assume U = 320 and Cp of water = 4.18 kJ/kg-K. Calculate heat exchanger area.
m2  K
(a) 18.14 m2 (b) 10.54 cm2 (c) 13.83 cm2 (d)15.84 m2
57. A heat exchanger is used to heat an oil (Cp=1.9 kJ/kg-K) flowing through tubes from 15°C to 85°C.
Steam is flowing in a parallel flow arrangement at 4.8 kg/s with inlet and exit temperature of 130°C
and 110°C respectively. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 275 W/m2-K and Cp for steam is 1.86
kJ kg-K. Calculate the required heat exchanger area.
(a) 19.61 m2 (b) 15.02 m2 (c) 14.92 m2 (d) 11.01 m2
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HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
58. A hot water stream of flow rate 1 kg/s is to be cooled from 95°C to 60°C in a heat exchanger, by
contact with a large stream of cold water flowing at 2 kg/s and at an inlet temperature of 40°C.
Calculate heat transfer area needed for this configuration for counter-flow arrangement. Cp ofwater =
4.18 kJ/kg-K.
W
Take U = 1000
m2  K
(a) 15.8 m2 (b) 10.46 m2 (c) 21.8 m2 (d)5.26 m2
59. A counter-flow heat exchanger has heat transfer area A=10 m2 and overall heat transfer coefficient
U=500 W/m2-K. It is used to cool 1.5 kg/s of oil initially at 115°C by 0.5 kg/s stream of water with
inlet temperature of 15°C. Cp values for oil and water are 2.25 kJ/kg-K and 4.18 kJ/kg-K
respectively. Calculate the outlet temperature (in °C ) of the two streams and total heat transfer rate.
(a) Hot fluid outlet at 78.17, cold fluid outlet at 94.62, heat transfer rate is 158.046 W
(b) Hot fluid outlet at 65.71, cold fluid outlet at 94.62, heat transfer rate is 166.364 kW
(c) Hot fluid outlet at 110.17, cold fluid outlet at 94.62, heat transfer rate is 158.046 kW
(d) Hot fluid outlet at 90.62, cold fluid outlet at 63.17, heat transfer rate is 166.364 W
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 33
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
60. In a tube pass, one-shell pass heat exchanger, hot fluid enters at 310 °C and leaves at 190 °C, while
the cold fluid enters at 50 °C and leaves at 180 °C. Which of the two arrangements: parallel flow or
counter flow will transfer more heat?
(a) Parallel flow arrangement
(b) Counter flow arrangement
(c) Both the arrangements transfer an equal amount of heat
(d) None of the above
 Csingle phase 
61. For a phase change heat exchanger, the heat capacity rate ration  R   is equal to
 C phase change 
a) <1 b) 0 c) Infinite d) Indeterminate
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 34
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
62. According to surface compactness (β),liquid to liquid compact heat exchangers are classified when
a) β< 700 m2/m3 b) β< 400 m2/m3
c) β> 400 m2/m3 d) β> 700 m2/m3
63. In a heat exchanger hot liquid enters with a temperature of 200°C and leaves at 170°C. The cooling
 Cmin 
fluid enters at 50°C and leaves at 120°C, the capacity rate ratio  R   of the heat
 Cmax 
exchanger is
a) 0.4285 b) 0.6285 c) 0.4550 d) 0.75
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 35
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
64. In a counter flow heat exchanger 1000 Kg/hr of oil having specific heat 20 J/Kg-K is cooled from
150°C to 125°C by means of 1250 kg/hr of fluid of specific heat 16 J/Kg-K. The fluid leaves the heat
exchanger at 75°C. In such case the temperature at which the cooling fluid is entering the heat
exchanger and the LMTD will be respectively
a) 75°C, 50°C b) 50°C, 75°C c) 25°C, 50°C d) 75°C, 25°C
65. In a condenser water enters at 32°C and flow at a rate 14 Kg/hour, the condensing steam is at a
temperature 120°C and cooling water leaves the condenser at 90°C. The specific heat of water is 4.2
KJ/Kg-K. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 2000 W/m2-K. The heat transfer area is
a) 0.00565 m2 b) 0.0767 m2 c) 0.00878 m2 d) 0.757m2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 36
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
66. Hot oil is cooled from 80°C to 50°C in an oil cooler which uses ah as the coolant. The air
temperature rises from 30°C to 40°C. The designer uses the LMTD value of 26°C. The type of heat
exchanger is
a) Parallel flow heat exchanger
b) Counter flow heat exchanger
c) Cross flow heat exchanger
d) Data insufficient
Based on the information provided, answer the following questions (67-69)

A condenser is required for an organic vapor having a latent heat of vaporization of hfg = 300kJ/Kg.
The condenser is cooled by site cooling water with an inlet temperature of 30°C and outlet
temperature of 50°C. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 790W/m2 K
67. Determine the ratio of mass flow rate of organic vapor (mv) to the mass flow rate of cooling water
(mc) if the saturation temperature of organic vapor is 100°C. Also determine the value logarithmic
mean temperature difference (in °C) respectively.
Take: Specific heat capacity of cooling water is Cpc = 4.178 KJ/KgK
a) 0.3554 and 80.5545b) 0.4385 and 75.5456
c) 0.2554 and 64.5246d) 0.2785 and 59.4402
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 37
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
68. Find the value of heat transfer surface area (in m2) and length (in m) of the condenser tube
respectively, if the organic vapor flow rate is 7 kg/s and diameter of the condenser tube is 50mm
a) 58.5565 and 250 b) 44.7210 and 284.7027
c) 50.5545 and 301.5545 d) 60.5578 and 275.7898
69. If minimum heat capacity that is (mass flow rate multiply by specific heat) is equal to 1.50 KJ/Kgs,
determine the value of Number of transfer unit.
a) 21.5522 b) 29.2256 c) 23.5530 d) 18.5545
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 38
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
70. Determine the overall heat transfer coefficient U for liquid-to-liquid heat transfer through a 0.003 m
thick steel plate [k = 50 W/m.K] for the following heat transfer coefficients and fouling factor on one
side: hi = 2,500W/m2.K, h0 = l,800W/m2 .K, Rfi = 0.0002 m2.K/W. (Note that conductive resistance is
also considered)
a) 700 W/m2.K b) 820 W/m2.K
c) 980 W/m2.K d) 570 W/m2.K
71. For an opaque surface, the absorptivity (α), transmissivity (τ),and reflectivity(ρ) are related by the
equation :
a. ρ +a+τ=1 b. ρ+a=1 c. αa+τ=1 d. ρ+τ=1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 39
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
72. A large spherical enclosure has a small opening. The rate of emission of radiative flux through this
opening is 5.67 kW/m2. The temperature (in °C, up to 1 decimal place) at the inner surface of the
sphere will be about.
73. For a larger isothermal enclosure maintained at a uniform temperature of 4000K. The maximum
spectral emissive power (in MW/m2.μm) for the radiation emerging out of a tiny aperture at the surface
is. (Consider the standard value of the constants from the reference books as well as from lectures)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 40
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
74. Consider a black spherical ball, with a diameter of 30 cm, is being suspended in air. The surface
temperature (in K) of the ball that should be maintained in order to heat 10 kg of air from 20 to 30°C in
the duration of 5 minutes is_______. (Consider the standard value of the constants from the reference
books as well as from lectures)
75. A newly built microfluidic optical sensor for droplet sorting, responded differently to light sources
with different spectral distributions, during the device characterization protocol. Assuming the source
of daylight as a blackbody at the effective surface temperatures of 5800 K, the calculated fraction of
radiation (in %) emitted within the visible spectrum wavelengths from 0.40 mm (violet) to 0.76 mm
(red), is_________.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 41
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
76. Consider the long concentric cylinders with diameters D1 and D2 and surface areas A2 and A2 .
Express the view factors F22 in terms of the cylinder diameters.
D2 D2
a. F22  b. F22  1 
D1 D1
D1
c. F22  1  d. None of the above
D2
77. Consider an enclosure consisting of two large, parallel, opaque plates. The plate surfaces are gray and
are kept at uniform temperatures T1 and T2 and have emissivities ε1 and ε2. Calculate the net radiation
flux q1-2 leaving surface 1 (in W/m2) for T1 = 800 K, T2 = 600 K and ε1 = ε2 = 0.8. The value of the
Stefan-Boltzmann constant is σ = 5.67 x10-8 W/(m2.K4). Choose the option closest to the answer.
a. 9000 b. 12000 c. 10500 d. 13590
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 42
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
78. Consider two black bodies with surface S1 (area 1m2) and S2 (area 5m2). They exchange heat only by
radiation. 50% of the energy emitted by S1 is received by S2. The fraction of energy emitted by S2 that
is received by S1 is
a. 0.05 b. 0.1 c. 0.4 d. 0.6
79. Determine the view factor (F31) for the following geometry – form the base (area 1) of a circular
cylinder of radius r and height L to its top surface (area 2) and the cylindrical surface (area 3) for the
case r = L. Given: F12 = 0.4
a. 0.2 b. 0.4 c. 0.3 d. 0.8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 43
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Linked Answer Question (80 and 81)
80. Consider an opaque horizontal plate that is well insulated on its back side. The irradiation on the plate
is 2500 W hr, of which 500 W/m2 is reflected. The plate is at 227 °C and has an emissive power of
1200 W/m2. Given: a = 5.67x10"8 W (m2. K4).
Determine the total hemispherical emissivity of the plate. [Choose the option closest to the answer]
a. 0.34 b. 0.89 c. 0.61 d. 0.25
81. Determine the hemispherical absorptivity: [Choose the option closest to the answer]
a. 0.2 b. 0.8 c. 0.6 d. 0.9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 44
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
82. Consider two infinitely long concentric cylinder. Assume both the cylinders are isothermal and black
with temperature T1 and T2, respectively. Assume cylinder 2 is insulated from outside. If T2 = 500 K
and q2 =200 W/m2 , then T1 is approximately:
a. 492.76 K b. 513.55 K c. 485.27 K d. 506.91 K
83. Consider a small cubical black-walled enclosure with side 10 cm. The bottom surface is electrically
heated to 1500 K, while the side walls are insulated. The top side is exposed to the environment, such
that its temperature is 500 K. The heating requirements for the bottom wall is
a. 17000 W b. 15000 W c. 1500 W d. 1700 W
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 45
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
84. An isothermal plate (gray surface) at T=300 K with emissivity 0.5 is exposed to normal solar radiation
of 1000 W/m2. The radiosity of the plate surface is
a. 629.63 W/m2 b. 729.63 W/m2
c. 640.45 W/m2 d. 780.43 W/m2
85. A spherical aluminum shell of inside diameter D = 2 m is evacuated and is used as a radiation test
chamber. If the inner surface is coated with carbon black and maintained at 600 K, what is the
irradiation on a small test surface placed in the chamber?
a. 6.87 kW/mm2 b. 7348.32 W/mm2
c. 3568.54 W/mm2 d. 5.46 kW/m2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 46
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
86. Consider a cubical enclosure of side 1.0 cm.The radiative space resistance between parallel faces of the
cube is
a. 1 cm-2 b. 5 cm-2 c. 3 cm-2 d. 10 cm-2
87. If the plates in the above problem have temperature T1 =1000 K and T2=2000 K, respectively,
calculate the heat transfer on the cold plate is:
a. 14,330 W/m2 b. -14,330 W/m2
c. -7,165 W/m2 d. 7,165 W/m2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 47
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
88. A thermocouple with a 0.5 mm diameter spherical bead is used to measure the local temperature of a
hot, radiatively nonparticipating gas flowing through an isothermal, gray-diffuse tube ( w = 800 K, w
= 1). The thermocouple is a diffuse emitter and reflector with b = 0.5, and the heat transfer coefficient
between bead and gas is 30 W/m2 K. If the real temperature of the gas is 1000 K, the actual
temperature measured by the thermocouple would be
a. 753 K b. 863 K c. 950 K d. 647 K
89. The Sun emits maximum radiation at 0.50 μm. If the temperature of the surface of the Sun is 6000 K
and the temperature of the Earth’s surface is 300 K, the wavelength at which the Earth’s maximum
radiation is emitted is
a. 10.0 μm b. 1.00 μm c. 0.250 μm d. 0.025 μm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 48
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
90. An electric flat-plate square heater of side 10 cm provides 100 W power from each side. If the heater is
assumed black, its temperature is Approximately
a. 6480 K b. 648 K c. 100 K d. 1000 K
91. A blackbody has a surface temperature of 600 K. Find the (i) Total emissive power and (ii) fraction of
the total emission that occurs between the wavelengths of 2.0 and 6.0 microns.(Choose the option
closest to the answer)
Data: σ = 5.67 x 10-8 W/m2.K4,= 0.00213, F0.6micron = 0.40360
Correlations:
From Wein’s law
(T)max = 2897.8
a. (i) 7100 W/m2, (ii) 50% b. (i) 6235 W/m2, (ii) 40%
c. (i) 7350 W/m2, (11) 40% d. (i) 6348W/m2 , (ii) 60%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 49
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
92. The spectral emissive power, E, for a diffusely emitting surface is
E = 0 for < 3 iim E= 150 W/m2m for 3 << 12m
E= 300 W/m2m for 12 << 25m E=0 for > 25 m
Total emissive power of the surface over the entire spectrum is
a. 1250 W/m2 b. 2500 W/m2 c. 4000 W/m2 d. 5250 W/m2
93. A furnace having a spherical cavity of 0.5 m diameter contains a gas mixture at 1 atm and 1400 K. The
mixture consists of CO2 with a partial pressure of 0.25 atm and N2 with a partial pressure of 0.75 atm.
If the cavity wall is black, the cooling rate (in kW) needed to maintain its temperature at 500 K is . ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 50
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
94. The emissivity of a surface coated with aluminium oxide can be approximated to 0.15 for radiation at
wavelengths less than 5 m and 0.9 for radiation at wavelengths greater than 5 m. The average
emissivity if this surface at 300 K is. (upto 2 decimal places)
95. Consider a 4-cm diameter and 6-cm long cylindrical rod at 1000 K. If the emissivity of the rod surface
is 0.75, the total amount of radiation (in KJ, correct upto 1 decimal place) emitted by all surfaces if the
rod in 20 min is.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 51
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
96 A surface absorbs 10 percent of radiation at wavelengths less than 3 m and 50 percent of radiation at
wavelengths greater than 3 m. The average absorptivity (Correct upto two decimal places)of this
surface for radiation emitted by a source at 3000 K is.
97. The measurement of the spectral hemispherical emissivity of a metallic surface kept at 2000 K yield a
special distribution as shown below figure. The total emissive power (in kW/m2, correct upto 1
decimal place) is.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 52
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
98. For an opaque plane surface the irradiation, radiosity and emissive power are respectively 20. 12 and
10 W/m2. The emissivity of the surface is
a. 0.2 b. 0.4 c. 0.8 d. 1.0
99. A solid cylinder (surface 2) is located at the centre of a hollow sphere (surface 1). The diameter of the
sphere is 1 m, while the cylinder has a diameter and 1 point length of 0.5 m each. The radiation
configuration factor F11 is
a. 0.375 b. 0.625 c. 0.75 d. 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 53
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
100. A long semi-circular duct is shown in the figure below. The shape factor F22 for this configuration is
a. 1.36 b. 0.73 c. 0.56 d. 0.36
101. Two large parallel grey plates with a small gap. exchange radiation at the rate of 1000 W/m2 when
their emissivities are 0.5 each. By coating one plate, its emissivity is reduced to 0.25. Temperature
remains unchanged. The new rate of heat exchange (in W/m2) is ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 54
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
102 Two long parallel surfaces, each of emissivity 0.7 are maintained at different temperatures and
accordingly have radiation exchange between them. It is desired to reduce 75% of this radiant heat
transfer by inserting thin parallel shields of equal emissivity on both sides. The number of shields
required is.
103 In a cylindrical furnace of diameter 2 m and height 1 m. the base and the top having emissivities 0.4
and 0.8 respectively are maintained at 700 K and 500 K, while the lateral surface approximating a
black body is maintained at 400 K. The net rate of radiation heat transfer (in kW) from the top surface
at steady state operation is
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 55
HEAT TRANSFER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
104. Consider a drying oven of the shape of a long hemispherical duct with 1 m diameter. The
hemispherical wall is maintained at 1200 K and a layer of water-coated material at 325 K forms the
base. The latent heat for water is 2.378 MJ/kg. Assuming blackbody behaviour for both surfaces, the
drying rate per unit length (in kg/s.m) of oven is.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 56

NPTEL Assignments For GATE 2022 - Heat Transfer Questions

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NPTEL Assignments For GATE 2022 - Heat Transfer Questions

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Hint :NuL = 0.332 Re1/2

10. For Prandtl number less than unity, which is correct?

(a) Nux = 0.0292 Rex1/5 Pr2/3 (b) Nu x  0.0292 Re1/x 5 Pr

c. Nu x  0.0292 Re 4x / 5 Pr d. Nu x  0.0292 Re4x / 5 Pr 2 / 3

16. Local heat transfer coefficient hx is given as

a. hx  0.0292 c p u Rex 1/ 5 b. hx  0.0292 c p u Rex 1/ 5 Pr

(a) Nu x  0.037 Re 4x / 5 Pr (b) Nu x  0.037 Re1/x 5 Pr

(c) Nu x  0.0292 Re1/x 5 Pr (d) Nu x  0.0292 Re4x / 5 Pr

20. Boundary layer flow is characterised by:

transfer coefficient is ____________ (W/m2.K).

38. In a heat exchanger if one of the fluids undergoes a change of phase,

(MSQ TYPE Q.42)

46. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct regarding NTU?

48. Match the following :

Where CR is the heat capacity rate ratio.

a) p-z, q-x, r-w, s-y b) p-z, q-x, r-y, s-w

55. Choose the most correct option

a) <1 b) 0 c) Infinite d) Indeterminate

Based on the information provided, answer the following questions (67-69)

a. 1.36 b. 0.73 c. 0.56 d. 0.36

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