Since 1997

THE GATE COACH

Best IES, GATE, PSU coaching institute Since 1997.
CH : ME : CE : EE: ECE : CS : IN
New Batches For GATE & PSUs 2021
GATE REGULAR
Classroom Coaching 14thMarch April May
2020 05th 2020 16 th 2020

IES WEEKEND
Classroom Coaching
Feb
16th 2020 14 th March April
2020 04 th 2020
PSU CRASHClassroom
COURSE Coaching
May
15 th 2020 02nd June July
2020 02 nd 2020
Contact us @ 9818652587 / 9873452122 www.thegatecoach.com
Hazardous Waste
Management
FUNDAMENTALS
 What is
hazardous waste?
•Waste that is
• Ignitable
• Flammable
• Corrosive
• Reactive
• Toxic
• Partitioning (movement) of
hazardous waste from source to:
• Air (volatilization)
• Water (solubility)
• Soil (sorption)
• Biota (bioconcentration)

Model depicting different pathways through which contaminant movement occurs – known as
Conceptual Site Model (CSM)
Source: Casarett & Doull. Risk Assessment Chapter 4.
Properties of hazardous waste
•Solubility
• Extent to which hazardous compound dissolves in a solvent (mg/L)
•Vapour pressure
• Pressure exerted by the liquid at equilibrium with air
• Raoult’s Law
• Henry’s Law
•Partitioning coefficients
• Octanol-water (KOW)
• Soil-water (Kd)
• Organic carbon content-soil (KOC)
• Biota-water (Bioconcentration factor, BCF)
Movement of contaminants across
different media

Source: www.geology.isu.edu
Sorption and volatilization
•Factors affecting sorption
• Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
• Oxidation-Reduction Potential
(ORP)
• Electrostatic attraction/
repulsion (corresponding to
adsorption/ desorption)
• Hydrogen bonding
• Dipole-dipole interaction
• VanderWaal’s attraction force
• Covalent bonds
• Coulombic forces
•Volatilization – Refers to mass transfer of contaminant
from liquid to gaseous phase
•Contributing factors:
• Vapour pressure (Henry’s law)
• Temperature
• Mixing of waste
• Contact area
• Ventilation rate (closed or open container)
• Rate limited mass transfer
• Dilution
Dow’s Equation
Hamaker’s Equation
Fate and
transport of •Advection – Contaminant physically carried by
medium (linear velocity)
contaminants in
groundwater

• Differential transport •Diffusion – Contaminant moves along

equations used to concentration gradient
describe these processes
• Analytical solutions given •Dispersion – Groundwater carries contaminant
by through tortuous path (greater spread of
• Plume model contaminant)
• Pulse model
• Wilson & Miller equation

Source: Groundwater transport www.Ideo.columbia.edu

Transport of •Advection
contaminants • Advective flux (bulk movement of fluid)
through air •Dispersion
• Concentration in air at any time found from analytical
solutions to differential transport equations
• Puff model (instantaneous or puff release)
• Similar to movement of • Plume model
contaminants through • Pasquill and Gilford model
groundwater;
advection, diffusion and
dispersion contribute to
movement of
contaminants through
air

Source: www.sts.bwk.tue.nl

Movement of contaminant plume through air

Thank you!
 Since 1997

THE GATE COACH

Best IES, GATE, PSU coaching institute Since 1997.
CH : ME : CE : EE: ECE : CS : IN
New Batches For GATE & PSUs 2021
GATE REGULAR
Classroom Coaching 14thMarch April May
2020 05th 2020 16 th 2020

IES WEEKEND
Classroom Coaching
Feb
16th 2020 14 th March April
2020 04 th 2020
PSU CRASHClassroom
COURSE Coaching
May
15 th 2020 02nd June July
2020 02 nd 2020
Contact us @ 9818652587 / 9873452122 www.thegatecoach.com